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Responses in splanchnic and mammary amino acid metabolism to short-term graded removal of methionine in lactating goats

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 116-125页

作者： Yantao Li Mark D.Hanigan Xueyan Lin Zhiyong Hu Zhengui Yan qiuling hou Yun Wang Zhonghua Wang Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Laboratory College of Animal Science and TechnologyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'an 271018China Department of Dairy Science Virginia TechBlacksburg 24061USA

Four multi-catheterized lactating goats were used in a 4×4 Latin square experiment to investigate the responses of amino acid metabolism in portal-drained viscera(PDV),liver,and mammary glands to short-term varying supplies of methionine(Met).During the last 45 h in each experimental period,goats were fasted for 12 h and then abomasally infused with an amino acid(AA)mixture plus glucose for 33 *** consisted of graded removal of Met from an infused AA mixture to achieve Met content in the infusate of 100%(complete),60%,30%,or 0%that in *** Met removal decreased the pro-duction of milk,milk protein,lactose,and fat linearly whilst also decreasing arterial Met concentration linearly(P0.1)was maintained as Met supply *** was achieved through increased mammary affinity(P<0.05)and increased mammary blood flow(P<0.05)totally offsetting the negative effect of decreased circu-lating Met *** removal of Met from the infusate linearly decreased mammary uptake-to-milk output ratios of Met(P<0.05)and tended to decrease essential amino acid(EAA)linearly(0.05

关键词： Methionine Lactating goat Milk protein Amino acid Splanchnic tissue

Gastrointestinal Tract Development in Unweaned Calves Feeding Different Amounts of Milk and Different Starters

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2018年第7期9卷 289-310页

作者： Tian Zhang Zhiqiang Wu qiuling hou Yun Wang Zhiyong Hu Xueyan Lin Zhonghua Wang College of Animal Science Shandong Agricultural University Taian China

This study was conducted to determine the effect of different starter diets and different amounts of milk on growth performance and gastrointestinal tract development in unweaned calves. 16 calves were assigned to 4 groups, 4 calves in each group. These four groups received the following treatments respectively: 1) high milk (6 L) + low starch (21%), high NDF (28%), high molasses (10%) starter (HMLS group);2) high milk (6L) + high starch (40%), low NDF (14%), low molasses (5%) starter (HMHS group);3) low milk (3 L) + low starch (21%), high NDF (28%), high molasses (10%) starter (LMLS group);4) low milk (3 L) + high starch (40%), low NDF (14%), low molasses (5%) starter (LMHS group). The trial was of 2 × 2 factorial design. All calves had free access to hay and water. Results showed that the low milk allowance increased calf concentrate dry matter intake (DMI) and total DMI, reduced body height at 4 weeks of age, reduced heart girth at 6 weeks of age (P < 0.05). The low milk allowance increased complex stomach full weight, reticulorumen full weight, and the percentages of stomach full weight and reticulorumen full weight over body weight (P < 0.05). The low starch, high fiber, high molasses starters reduced the complex stomach full weight, the proportion of the complex stomach empty weight over body weight, reticulorumen empty weight, abomasum full weight, the proportion of abomasum empty weight over body weight and reticulorumen volume (P < 0.05). The low milk allowance increased calf intestine length, small intestine full weight, the proportion of small intestine full weight over body weight, but reduced the jejunum villus width (P < 0.05), increased ruminal pH (P < 0.05). The low milk allowance reduced papilla length in rumen anterior ventral blind sac, but increased papilla length in the posterior ventral sac

关键词： Calf Starter Kinds Milk Amount Gastrointestinal Development Growth Performance

The Effects of Amino Acid Nutritional Deficiency on the Expression of Protein Metabolism-Related Genes in the Mammary Gland and Muscle Tissues of Lactating Mice

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2015年第9期6卷 601-612页

作者： Xueyan Lin Miaomiao Wu Guimei Liu Yun Wang qiuling hou Kerong Shi Zhonghua Wang College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an China

The mammary gland tissue exhibits a series of responses that are different from those of muscle and other peripheral tissues under amino acid deficiency. So, this present study was designed to investigate the effects of amino acid nutritional deficiency on the expression of protein metabolism-related genes in the mammary gland and muscle tissues of lactating mice. A total of 60 postpartum, lactating Kunming white mice were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups;each group contained 12 mice. Group A was the control group. The mice in group A were maintained on a normal diet after the initiation of lactation. Group B (starved) was given normal saline via intragastric administration. Group C (energy) was given glucose solution via intragastric administration. Groups D and E received a sodium caseinate solution via intragastric administration, which provided 0.5 g protein/d and 1.5 g protein/d, respectively. The results showed the following. 1) When the mice were exposed to nutritional stress caused by dietary amino acid deficiency, the β-casein mRNA expression level was increased in the mammary gland tissue. The increase in β-casein expression was the most significant in the energy-supplemented group, followed by the starved group (P P 14k and C2 (P P P < 0.05). 5) The phosphorylation level of p70S6K was elevated in the muscle tissues collected from the treatment groups. However, the magnitude of the increase was far smaller compared to that in the mammary gland tissues.

关键词： Amino Acid Nutritional Deficiency Mammary Gland Tissue Muscle Tissue Protein Metabolism

Effects of Supplemental Dietary Energy Source on Feed Intake, Lactation Performance, and Serum Indices of Early-Lactating Holstein Cows in a Positive Energy Balance

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 68-77页

作者： Xueyan Lin Guimei Liu Zhengyan Yin Yun Wang qiuling hou Kerong Shi Zhonghua Wang College of Animal Science and Technology Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an China

The present study investigated the effects of the supplemental dietary energy source on early lactating cows in a positive energy balance. Cows in the control group were fed a basal total mixed ration containing high-quality hay as forage, and the dietary concentrate to forage ratio was 45:65. The corn supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in the milk fat content (P P = 0.15), whereas the fat supplementation resulted in a decreasing trend of the milk protein and lactose content (P ≤ 0.1). Additionally, the corn supplementation significantly decreased the serum 5-hydroxytryptamine level (P < 0.05). The results support the proposal that the source of supplemental dietary energy has varying effects on feed intake, lactation performance, and the intermediate metabolism of early lactating cows in a positive energy balance. 5-Hydroxytryptamine secretion may be associated with the varying effects of the source of supplemental dietary energy.

关键词： Dairy Cow Lactation Energy Source 5-Hydroxytryptamine

Effects of Supplemental Feeding of Probiotics during Lactation on Rumen Microflora of Calves after Weaning

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2021年第7期12卷 213-228页

作者： Xueyan Lin Tian Zhang Lin Ju Yue Jiang qiuling hou Zhiyong Hu Yun Wang Zhonghua Wang College of Animal Science Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an China

For the experiment, 8 newborn male Holstein calves were selected that had the same feeding environment, and were of similar ages. They were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 4 in each group. The treatments consisted of feeding active probiotics (Group P) and a normal fed control group (Group C). The growth performance and blood indices were measured;rumen fluid samples were collected after weaning, and 16SrDNA sequencing and LC-MS metabolome detection were performed. Compared with the control group, relative abundances of Deltaproteobacteria, Desulfovibrionales, Bacteroidales_ BS11_gut_group, Desulfovibrionaceae, Bacteroidales_S24-7_group, Acetobacteraceae, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Asaia, [Ruminococcus] gauvreauii_group, Desulfovibrio, Kingella, Selenomonas, Lachnoclostridium in group P were significantly different (P of 2-methylbenzoic acid and myo-inositol were significantly increased (P 0.05). These results showed that compared with normally fed calves, the growth performance and blood indices of probiotic-fed calves were changed, but the differences were not signif

关键词： Calves Probiotics Rumen Fluid Serum Metabolites

The Effects of a Hyperinsulinemic-Euglycemic Clamp on Milk Fat Synthesis and the Expression of Fat Synthesis-Related Genes in the Mammary Gland Tissues of Lactating Goats

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2016年第4期7卷 214-224页

作者： Xueyan Lin Guimei Liu Yabin Zhang Zhengui Yan qiuling hou Kerong Shi Yun Wang Zhonghua Wang College of Animal Science Shandong Agricultural University Taian China

To determine whether insulin exerts an effect on milk fat yield through the direct regulation of milk fat synthesis in the mammary gland, the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure was performed in lactating goats in the present study. The effects of the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp on milk yield, milk composition, milk fatty acid yield and the expression levels of mRNAs of milk fat synthesis-related genes were examined. The results revealed that the hyperinsulinemiceuglycemic clamp had no significant effect on the milk yield, the milk protein yield, the yield and content of lactose or the yield and content of solids-not-fat (SNF) (P > 0.05). In contrast, the milk fat percentage and milk fat yield were decreased by 35.3% and 33.6%, respectively (P C16) and 5 fatty acids synthesized de novo in the mammary gland ( 0.05), including acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), fatty acidbinding protein (FABP), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT). However, the expression level of the SCD gene was significantly reduced during the post-procedure period (P < 0.05) but returned to a normal level at 48 h after termination of the clamp procedure. It was concluded that the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp exerted a direct effect on milk fatty acid desaturation.

关键词： Insulin Milk Fat Goat Lactation

Effect of Substituting Alfalfa by Wheat Straw Powder on Rumen Digestion, Metabolism and Production Performance in Lactating Dairy Cows

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2019年第8期10卷 197-217页

作者： Xueyan Lin Zhiyong Hu Na Li qiuling hou Yun Wang Jun Peng Yue Jiang Zhonghua Wang College of Animal Science Shandong Agricultural University Taian Shandong Province China

China has abundant straw resources. However, the straw has high levels of crude fiber, low levels of crude protein and fat, poor palatability and low digestibility and a large volume. This study explored the feasibility of using wheat straw powder to replace some of alfalfa and the suitable replacement ratio for lactating dairy cows. In this trial, cows in the mid-lactation stage were fed with rations in which alfalfa hay was replaced isocalorically and isonitrogenously at 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% by wheat straw powder to explore the rumen metabolism and production performance of lactating dairy cows. Using a large randomized block design, 60 cows were selected and divided into 4 groups: the positive control group CG (0% replacement), and groups AL (20% replacement), AM (40% replacement), and AH (60% replacement). The pre-feeding period was 2 weeks and the trial period was 8 weeks. Milk yield, milk protein yield, milk protein percentage, lactose yield, lactose percentage, milk fat yield, and milk fat percentage were not affected by the diets, and the differences among the groups were not significant (P > 0.05). The results show that replacing 20% alfalfa with wheat straw powder is most beneficial to production. When only the feed costs were considered, without considering other costs (such as labor, machinery, etc.) in the economic benefit calculation process, and assume that other costs are the same among the groups, and the economic benefits obtained by the AL group were the largest. The experimental results provide a basis for the further development of straw feed.

关键词： Wheat Straw Powder Alfalfa Production Performance Digestion Metabolism Cow

Evaluation of Feeding Dairy Cow with Whole Wheat Hay and Alfalfa

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2018年第9期9卷 409-422页

作者： Tian Zhang Deqing Zhang Jinxin Wang qiuling hou Yun Wang Zhiyong Hu Xueyan Lin Zhonghua Wang College of Animal Science Shandong Agricultural University Taian China Laboratory Department Taian Central Hospital Taian China

The preliminary results of this laboratory (unpublished) indicate that the nutritional value of whole wheat hay (wheat hay, for short) is very high, and the milk stage is the best period of wheat hay harvest. In this study, we investigated the feeding effect and economic benefits using wheat hay instead of alfalfa diet for dairy cows under the condition of the same energy and crude protein levels. Three types of diets were used: alfalfa diet, wheat hay diet and alfalfa + wheat hay diet. The results showed that the dry matter digestibility of alfalfa diet and alfalfa + wheat hay diet did not differ significantly (P > 0.1), but was significantly higher than that of wheat hay diet (P 0.1). There was no significant difference in milk somatic cell count and body condition score among the three groups (P > 0.1). The wheat hay diet could significantly increase milk protein and lactose (P contents of interleukin-6 in cows fed alfalfa diet and alfalfa + wheat diet were significantly higher than that in cows fed wheat hay diet (P 0.05). The use of wheat hay to replace imported alfalfa in whole or in part could save feed costs. Full substitution of alfalfa with wheat hay could have a daily economic benefit of 13.74 yuan.

关键词： Cow Whole Wheat Hay Alfalfa Feeding Effect Economic Benefit

Effects of Dietary Energy Density in the Dry Period on the Production Performance and Metabolism of Dairy Cows

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2017年第3期8卷 104-126页

作者： Yun Wang qiuling hou Gaozhan Cai Zhiyong Hu Kerong Shi Zhengui Yan Xueyan Lin Zhonghua Wang College of Animal Science Shandong Agricultural University Taian China

Thirty healthy Holstein dairy cows in the dry period were randomly divided into three groups and fed diets with different net energy for lactation (group A: 1.2 Mcal/kg DM, group B: 1.3 Mcal/kg DM, and group C: 1.4 Mcal/kg DM) for 8 weeks prepartum. Thereafter, dairy cows were fed a diet of the same formulation (1.66 Mcal/kg DM) for 12 weeks postpartum. The effects of different dietary energy densities in the dry period on postpartum performance and metabolic parameters of dairy cows were observed. Milk yield was reduced by 14.5% in the low-energy diet group;however, there were no differences in milk composition between the three groups. Postpartum plasma β-hydroxybutyrate, non-esterified fatty acid, growth hormone, and glucagon levels were significantly decreased whereas leptin and neuropeptide levels were elevated in the low-energy diet group. Moreover, body fat mobilization was attenuated, and the decline in postpartum body condition was reduced in the low-energy diet group, thus effectively reducing the postpartum negative energy balance.

关键词： Dry Period Dairy Cows Energy Production Performance Biochemical Indicator Hormone Level