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Evolution of electron “zebra stripes” in the South Atlantic Anomaly: Initial observations from Macao Science Satellite-1

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第11期67卷 3344-3353页

作者： LIU Ying zong qiugang ZOU Hong YE YuGuang SUN Yi Xin Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking University State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Science Macau University of Science and Technology

“Zebra stripes” denote banded structures characterized by periodic peaks and valleys in the spectrograms of energetic electrons in the Earth's inner radiation belt and slot region. In contrast to previous investigations primarily grounded in equatorial observations,this study presents two events exhibiting the evolution of electron zebra stripes within the South Atlantic Anomaly, as observed from the Macao Scientific Satellite-1 in low Earth orbit. Our findings affirm that the structural and evolutionary features of zebra stripes in both events accord with the drift echo hypothesis. The start time extrapolated from the electron spectrograms correlates with substorm onsets, consistent with prior conclusions. Notably, the duration of zebra stripe evolution during the event of June 5–6, 2023, reaches an impressive 34.7 h, a markedly longer interval than findings from the Van Allen Probes. This discrepancy suggests that the observed lifetime of electron zebra stripes may not inherently reflect natural limitations but could be constrained by instrumental capabilities. The results implicate that high-energy-resolution detectors have the potential to significantly enhance our capacity to scrutinize the dynamics of the radiation belt.

关键词： zebra stripe inner radiation belt energetic electron South Atlantic Anomaly Macao Science Satellite large-scale electric field

First observation results of Macao Science Satellite 1 on lightninginduced electron precipitation

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年

作者： Yongping WANG Yixin SUN qiugang zong Gaopeng LU Xudong GU Ze-Jun HU Bin LI Key Laboratory for Polar Science Ministry of Natural Resources Polar Research Institute of China Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking University State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Science Macau University of Science and Technology School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of China School of Electronic Information Wuhan University

The mid-energy electron detector (MEED) is a space-borne instrument onboard Macao Science Satellite 1 (MSS-1)dedicated to monitoring the typical charged particle radiation characteristics in the satellite orbit and the process of their occurrence and development, including short bursts of lightning-induced electron precipitation (LEP). This paper presents the first results of the LEP measurements by the MSS-1.47 LEP events are identified with the routine operation for 3 months since satellite launch, all within the range of 1.5

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Simulations of electron zebra stripes in the inner radiation belt using a composite empirical electric field model

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年

作者： Ziyang WANG Ying LIU qiugang zong Hong ZOU Yuguang YE Xuzhi ZHOU Chao YUE Shan WANG Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking University State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Science Macau University of Science and Technology

The phenomenon termed “zebra stripes” manifests as regular patterns in the energy-space(L shell) spectrum of energetic electrons(ranging from tens to hundreds keV) within the inner radiation belt. These structures exhibit drift-periodic behavior and commonly arise from large-scale electric field perturbations near the substorm onsets. In this study, we introduce a composite electric field model and replicate the formation, structure, and evolution of zebra stripes using a bounce-averaged test particle code under this electric field model. High-resolution measurements of energetic electrons obtained from the Van Allen Probes and the recently launched Macao Science Satellites-1 are used as initial conditions and served to validate our test particle simulations. Comparative analyses between observed data and simulations demonstrate our test particle method's efficacy in capturing zebra stripes' general behavior. Moreover, the composite model proves capable of reproducing realistic variations in the electric field within the inner radiation belt to a certain extent. Nevertheless, subtle differences emerge in the flux strength and the positions of stripes. These disparities primarily stem from limitations inherent in the electric field model and the initial conditions of the simulation. Acknowledging that the model represents an average case, it is conceivable that real-world scenarios may deviate from the average, thereby introducing variations in the observed phenomena.

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Medium-energy electron spectrometers on Macao Science Satellite-1

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第11期67卷 3324-3343页

作者： YE YuGuang LIU Ying ZOU Hong zong qiugang CHEN JiaLi YU XiangQian SHI WeiHong OU JiaMing LIU JianBin YU LiJia ZHOU Jun HUANG He YUAN ShiGeng SU Wen SUO Le State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macau University of Science and TechnologyCNSA Macao Center for Space Exploration and Science School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Shandong Aerospace Electro-technology School of Astronautics Northwestern Polytechnical University DFH Satellite Co.Ltd. Institute of Remote Sensing Satellite China Academy of Space Technology

The Macao Science Satellite-1 is a two-satellite constellation specifically designed to study the geomagnetic field and particle radiation environment in low Earth orbit, particularly in the South Atlantic Anomaly region, with a low inclination orbit. Each of the two MSS-1 satellites carries a medium-energy electron spectrometer(MES). The MES sensor heads are based on pinhole imaging technology, which can simultaneously measure 50-600 keV electrons incident from nine directions with a field of view(FOV) of 180° × 30°. The two MESs can realize the pitch angle coverage of medium energy electrons at most positions in the orbit. The MSS-1 A/B MESs can realize direct observation of precipitating electrons and electrons near their loss cones. It can help to study the electron generation mechanism in the inner radiation belt and quantify the precipitation of magnetospheric energetic electrons. Combined with the geomagnetic index, solar wind parameters, interplanetary magnetic field conditions, etc.,it can also help to build a dynamic evolution model of energetic electrons in the near-Earth space, to realize the early warning and prediction of space weather based on the observation data, which can provide safety for spacecraft and astronauts in the nearEarth space.

关键词： Macao Science Satellite-1 medium-energy electron spectrometer inner radiation electrons Southern Atlantic Anomaly pitch angle distribution

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Test particle simulation on the ion and electron zebra stripes and their time evolution in inner radiation belt

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2018年第4期61卷 623-632页

作者： WANG YongFu zong qiugang ZHOU XuZhi State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of Physics and Fusion Simulation CenterPeking University Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking University Key Laboratory of Earth and Planetary Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

During February 15–16, 2014, the energetic electron spectrogram for four successive inner radiation belt crossing show clearly the electron zebra structures and their time evolution which last for about 17 h. Unfortunately, the time of flight(TOF) in RBSPICE measurement is turned off below 3 RE, and the ion measurement is contaminated by electrons. Thus in this study we studied the differences between the ion and electron zebra stripe structures and their time evolution using simple theory and test particle simulation, combining the electron measurement from RBSIPICE onboard Van Allen Probes. Theoretical analysis predicts that the ion zebra stripe structures should lie at a higher energy range than the corresponding electron zebra stripe structures due to that the directions of gradient B drift and corotation E×B drift are the same for electrons while opposite for ions. Test particle simulation with the dipole magnetic field and Volland-Stern electric field model have shown that the ion and electron zebra stripe structures could be produced by the convection electric field penetrating into the inner magnetosphere in this event, with their time evolution determined by total drift velocity that are different for ions and electrons. The predicted differences between the ion and electron zebra stripe structures are partially verified through observation. The ion zebra stripe structures could have potential influence to the ring current.

关键词： inner radiation belt ion zebra stripes energetic ions energetic electrons

Mercury's ring current and Mercury's magnetic storms

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第5期65卷 1210-1212页

作者： FU SuiYan zong qiugang Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking UniversityBeijing100871China

A magnetic storm is a temporal magnetic disturbance caused by solar wind interaction with the Earth’s magnetosphere.A geomagnetic storm on the scale of the year 1859 event[1] would cause trillions of dollars loss to ... 详细信息

关键词： storm Earth Mercury

Dynamic variations of the outer radiation belt during magnetic storms for 1.5–6.0 MeV electrons

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2011年第2期54卷 431-440页

作者： YUAN ChongJing zong qiugang Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking University Beijing 100871 China

The CME’s structure of solar wind(interplanetary magnetic field)is different from CIR’*** two processes in which plasma and solar wind energy are injected into the Earth’s inner magnetosphere are not the ***,the variations of energetic elec- trons flux in the radiation belts are different between the storms associated with CMEs and *** using data from SAMPEX(Solar,Anomalous,and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer)satellite,we have investigated the dynamic variations of the outer radiation belt for 1.5–6.0 MeV electrons during 54 CME-driven storms and 26 CIR-driven recurrent *** to the superposed epoch analysis,for CME-and CIR-driven storms,when the Dst index reaches the minimum,the locations of the outer boundary move to L=4 and L=5.5,*** the recovery phases,the locations of the outer boundary of the outer radiation belt are generally lower than and slightly higher than those before CME-and CIR-driven storms,*** have found that the logarithmically decaying 1/e cut-off L-shell is a satisfying indicator of the outer boundary of the outer radiation ***,our study shows that the logarithmically decaying 1/e cut-off latitude is dependent on the Kp index in the main phases of CME-and CIR-driven storms,while in the recovery phases,there is no obvious *** ad- dition,it has been shown that the locations of the peak electron flux are controlled by the minimum Dst index in the main phases of CME-driven *** influences of multiple storms on the electron flux of outer radiation belt have also been in- vestigated.

关键词： outer radiation belt relativistic electrons magnetic storms CME CIR energetic particles

Study of the nose event on 11 April 2002 with UBK method

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2012年第7期55卷 1929-1942页

作者： WANG YongFu zong qiugang Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Nose event,which names after the nose-like shape of structures in ion spectrograms observed by satellite in the inner magnetosphere,refers to the deep inward penetration of ions from magnetotail at discrete energy *** events have been studied extensively both with observations and simulations since first discovered in *** this study we use the UBK method to model the different L-shell penetration characteristics for a multi-band nose event observed by Cluster/CODIF on April 11,*** modeled open-closed orbit separatrices are generally smaller than the observed L-shell penetrations for outbound crossing;the difference varies from 2.02 to 0.62 R E for different energy channels of H + bands and from 1.88 to 1.10 R E for O + *** average difference is 1.46 R *** separatrices for the inbound crossing are generally larger than those of outbound crossing and are more consistent with the observed L-shell penetration *** modeled open-closed orbit separatrices are smaller than the observed L-shell penetrations for 6.5-17.1 keV energy channels of H + bands but larger for 4.0-5.1 keV(due to closed banana orbits region) and 21.7-35.2 keV(due to energy increasing) energy channels of H + *** O + band,the difference between the modeled open-closed orbit separatrix and observed L-shell penetrations of 4.6 keV energy channel is larger(due to closed banana orbits region),the difference of 7.4 keV energy channel is *** overall average difference is 0.043 R E for nose structures of inbound *** discrepancies between the model and observation may come from the magnetic field and electric potential models we *** formation of multi nose event and relations to the observed plasma flow vortices are discussed,the local intense E Y may relate to the formation of the observed multi nose structures.

关键词： nose event UBK method

Ultra low frequency waves impact on radiation belt energetic particles

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第12期52卷 3698-3708页

作者： zong qiugang HAO YongQiang WANG YongFu Institute of Space Physics and Applied Technology Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

One of the most fundamental important issues in the space physics is to understand how solar wind energy transports into the inner *** low frequency(ULF)wave in the magnetosphere and its impact on energetic particles,such as the wave-particle resonance,modulation,and particle acceleration,are extremely important topics in the Earth’s radiation belt dynamics and solar wind― magnetospheric *** this review,we briefly introduce the recent advances on ULF waves study. Further,we will explore the density structures and ion compositions around the plasmaspheric boundary layer(PBL)and discuss its possible relation to the ULF waves.

关键词： radiation belt particle ULF wave wave-particle interaction(WPI) energetic particles acceleration plasmaspheric boundary layer oxygen ions