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non-flammable long chain phosphate ester based electrolyte via competitive solventized structures for high-performance lithium metal batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第10期97卷 156-165,I0004页

作者： Li Liao Zhiqiang Han Xuanjie Feng Pan luo Jialin Song y.n Shen Xiaoshuang luo Xinpeng Li Xuanzhong Wen Bo yu Junchen Chen Bingshu Guo Mingshan Wang y.n Huang Hongmei Zhang Mengmeng y.n Jiangtao Liu yuanhua Lin Xing Li School of new Energy and Materials Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500SichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources Guizhou Meiling Power Sources Co.LtdZunyi 563003GuizhouChina Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Center for Green InnovationSchool of Mathematics and PhysicsUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Safety remains a persistent challenge for high-energy-density lithium metal batteries(LMBs).The development of safe and non-flammable electrolytes is especially important in harsh conditions such as high ***,a flame-retardant,low-cost and thermally stable long chain phosphate ester based(tributyl phosphate,TBP)electrolyte is reported,which can effectively enhance the cycling stability of highly loaded high-nickel LMBs with high safety through co-solvation *** interfacial compatibility between TBP and electrode is effectively improved using a short-chain ether(glycol dimethyl ether,DME),and a specially competitive solvation structure is further constructed using lithium borate difluorooxalate(LiDFOB)to form the stable and inorganic-rich electrode *** from the presence of the cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)and solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)enriched with LiF and Li_(x)PO_(y)F_(z),the electrolyte demonstrates excellent cycling stability assembled using a 50μm lithium foil anode in combination with a high loading nMC811(15.4 mg cm^(-2))cathode,with 88%capacity retention after 120 ***,the electrolyte exhibits excellent high-temperature characteristics when used in a 1-Ah pouch cell(n/P=0.26),and higher thermal runaway temperature(238℃)in the ARC(accelerating rate calorimeter)demonstrating high *** novel electrolyte adopts long-chain phosphate as the main solvent for the first time,and would provide a new idea for the development of extremely high safety and high-temperature electrolytes.

关键词： non-flammable electrolyte Long chain phosphate ester Solvation structure Lithium metal batteries Battery safety

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环状RnA编码蛋白质在胃肠肿瘤中的研究进展

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中国医学科学院学报 2024年第1期46卷 72-81页

作者：江杰罗再张昊亮裘正军黄陈上海交通大学医学院附属第一人民医院胃肠外科上海200080

环状RnA(CircRnA)是一类具有连续、共价闭合、环状结构的单链RnA,生成机制与线性RnA存在较大差异。目前研究已发现部分CircRnA可以通过内部核糖体进入位点、n6-甲基腺苷和滚环翻译等非帽依赖性蛋白翻译机制来编码蛋白质,且编码的蛋白质... 详细信息

环状RnA(CircRnA)是一类具有连续、共价闭合、环状结构的单链RnA,生成机制与线性RnA存在较大差异。目前研究已发现部分CircRnA可以通过内部核糖体进入位点、n6-甲基腺苷和滚环翻译等非帽依赖性蛋白翻译机制来编码蛋白质,且编码的蛋白质可进一步通过蛋白诱饵或其他作用机制来调控同源线性蛋白质或下游信号通路,进而发挥生物学功能。已有研究表明CircRnA在各种疾病发生发展中发挥重要作用,特别是参与肿瘤生长增殖、侵袭转移和免疫调节等发生发展过程中。因此,通过阐明编码CircRnA产生的蛋白质在肿瘤发生发展中的表达情况和作用机制,有望为肿瘤诊治提供新的肿瘤标志物和潜在靶点。

关键词：环状RnA 内部核糖体进入位点蛋白质蛋白诱饵

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STCF conceptual design report (Volume 1): Physics & detector

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第1期19卷 1-154页

作者： M.Achasov X.C.Ai L.P.An R.Aliberti Q.An X.Z.Bai y.Bai O.Bakina A.Barnyakov V.Blinov V.Bobrovnikov D.Bodrov A.Bogomyagkov A.Bondar I.Boyko Z.H.Bu F.M.Cai H.Cai J.J.Cao Q.H.Cao X.Cao Z.Cao Q.Chang K.T.Chao D.y.Chen H.Chen H.X.Chen J.F.Chen K.Chen L.L.Chen P.Chen S.L.Chen S.M.Chen S.Chen S.P.Chen W.Chen X.Chen X.F.Chen X.R.Chen y.Chen y.Q.Chen H.y.Cheng J.Cheng S.Cheng T.G.Cheng J.P.Dai L.y.Dai X.C.Dai D.Dedovich A.Denig I.Denisenko J.M.Dias D.Z.Ding L.y.Dong W.H.Dong V.Druzhinin D.S.Du y.J.Du Z.G.Du L.M.Duan D.Epifanov y.L.Fan S.S.Fang Z.J.Fang G.Fedotovich C.Q.Feng X.Feng y.T.Feng J.L.Fu J.Gao y.n.Gao P.S.Ge C.Q.Geng L.S.Geng A.Gilman L.Gong T.Gong B.Gou W.Gradl J.L.Gu A.Guevara L.C.Gui A.Q.Guo F.K.Guo J.C.Guo J.Guo y.P.Guo Z.H.Guo A.Guskov K.L.Han L.Han M.Han X.Q.Hao J.B.He S.Q.He X.G.He y.L.He Z.B.He Z.X.Heng B.L.Hou T.J.Hou y.R.Hou C.y.Hu H.M.Hu K.Hu R.J.Hu W.H.Hu X.H.Hu y.C.Hu J.Hua G.S.Huang J.S.Huang M.Huang Q.y.Huang W.Q.Huang X.T.Huang X.J.Huang y.B.Huang y.S.Huang n.Hüsken V.Ivanov Q.P.Ji J.J.Jia S.Jia Z.K.Jia H.B.Jiang J.Jiang S.Z.Jiang J.B.Jiao Z.Jiao H.J.Jing X.L.Kang X.S.Kang B.C.Ke M.Kenzie A.Khoukaz I.Koop E.Kravchenko A.Kuzmin y.Lei E.Levichev C.H.Li C.Li D.y.Li F.Li G.Li G.Li H.B.Li H.Li H.n.Li H.J.Li H.L.Li J.M.Li J.Li L.Li L.Li L.y.Li n.Li P.R.Li R.H.Li S.Li T.Li W.J.Li X.Li X.H.Li X.Q.Li X.H.Li y.Li y.y.Li Z.J.Li H.Liang J.H.Liang y.T.Liang G.R.Liao L.Z.Liao y.Liao C.X.Lin D.X.Lin X.S.Lin B.J.Liu C.W.Liu D.Liu F.Liu G.M.Liu H.B.Liu J.Liu J.J.Liu J.B.Liu K.Liu K.y.Liu K.Liu L.Liu Q.Liu S.B.Liu T.Liu X.Liu y.W.Liu y.Liu y.L.Liu Z.Q.Liu Z.y.Liu Z.W.Liu I.Logashenko y.Long C.G.Lu J.X.Lu n.Lu Q.F.Lü y.Lu y.Lu Z.Lu P.Lukin F.J.luo T.luo X.F.luo y.H.luo H.J.Lyu X.R.Lyu J.P.Ma P.Ma y.Ma y.M.Ma F.Maas S.Malde D.Matvienko Z.X.Meng R.Mitchell A.nefediev y.nefedov S.L.Olsen Q.Ouy.ng P.Pakhlov G.Pakhlova X.Pan y.Pan E.Passemar y.P.Pei H.P.Peng L.Peng X.y.Peng X.J.Peng K.Peters S.Pivovarov E.Pyata B.B.Qi y.Q.Qi W.B.Qian y.Qian C.F.Qiao J.J.Qin J.J.Qin L.Q.Qin X.S.Qin T.L.qiu J.Rademacker C.F.Redmer H.y.Sang Anhui University Hefei 230039China Beihang University Beijing 100191China Budker Institute of nuclear Physics Novosibirsk 630090Russia CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Cavendish Laboratory University of CambridgeJJ Thomson AveCambridge CB30HEUnited Kingdom Central China normal University Wuhan 430079China Central South University Changsha 410083China China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074China China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116China École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL) LausanneSwitzerland Fudan University Shanghai 200433China Goethe University Frankfurt D-60325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Guangxi normal University Guilin 541004China Guangxi Uninversity Nanning 530004China Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study UCASHangzhou 310024China Hebei normal University Shijiazhuang 050024China Hebei University Baoding 071002China Hefei University of Technology Hefei 230601China Helmholtz Institute Mainz Staudinger Weg 18D-55099 MainzGermany Henan normal University Xinxiang 453007China Henan University Kaifeng 475004China High Energy Physics Center Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Korea Higher School of Economy 11 Pokrovsky Bulvar Moscow 109028Russia Huangshan University Huangshan 245000China Hubei University of Automotive Technology Shiyan 442002China Hunan normal University Changsha 410081China Hunan University of Science and Technology Xiangtan 411201China Hunan University Changsha 410082China Indiana University BloomingtonIndiana 47405USA Inner Mongolia University Hohhot 010021China Institute of Advanced Science Facilities Shenzhen 518107China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute of Physics Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan 11529China Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Jilin University Changch

The superτ-charm facility(STCF)is an electron–positron collider proposed by the Chinese particle physics *** is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy range from 2 to 7 GeV with a peak luminosity of 0.5×10^(35) cm^(–2)·s^(–1) or *** STCF will produce a data sample about a factor of 100 larger than that of the presentτ-charm factory—the BEPCII,providing a unique platform for exploring the asymmetry of matter-antimatter(charge-parity violation),in-depth studies of the internal structure of hadrons and the nature of non-perturbative strong interactions,as well as searching for exotic hadrons and physics bey.nd the Standard *** STCF project in China is under development with an extensive R&D *** document presents the physics opportunities at the STCF,describes conceptual designs of the STCF detector system,and discusses future plans for detector R&D and physics case studies.

关键词： electron–positron collider tau-charm region high luminosity STCF detector conceptual design

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Differential expression profile of circular RnAs in mouse peritoneum with peritoneal fibrosis and the potential regulatory role of novel_circ_0007527

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 59-62页

作者： y.ngfeng Shi y.n Hu Hui Chen Jinqing Li Min Tao Xun Zhou Qin Zhong Andong qiu Shougang Zhuang na Liu Department of nephrology Shanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200120China School of Life Science and Technology Advanced Institute of Translational MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of Medicine Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical SchoolBrown UniversityProvidenceRI 02912USA

CircRnAs,a novel type of endogenous non-coding RnAs(ncRnAs),are typically produced by back-splicing from exons of protein-coding genes,which are characterized by a covalently closed structure with neither 5'to 3'polarity.nor a poly(A)tail.'On the one hand,circRnAs are involved in the regulation of a variety of important biological processes,such as apoptosis,proliferation,migration,and inflammatory responses.'On the other hand,the relationship between circRnAs and several fibrotic diseases has been reported.2 However.

关键词： endogenous peritoneal diseases

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A highly sensitive fluorescent probe Rn-nA reveals peroxynitrite as a novel biomarker for primary open angle glaucoma

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第2期17卷 219-227页

作者： Bo Qin yuan Lei luo Bao you-Jia Zhang Ke-y.n Liu yu-Hong Chen Department of Ophthalmology&Visual Science Eye&ENT HospitalShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghai 200031China Key Laboratory of Myopia NHFPC(Fudan University)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration(Fudan University)Shanghai 200031China State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking Key Laboratory of Pulp&Paper Science and Technology of Shandong Province/Ministry of EducationQilu University of TechnologyShandong Academy of SciencesJinan 250353Shandong ProvinceChina

AIM:To directly quantify peroxynitrite(OnOO-)using a highly sensitive fluorescence resonance energy transfer probe Rn-nA,investigate the association between OnOOand primary open angle glaucoma(POAG),and clarify whether Rn-nA could be used as a potential tool for POAG ***:Plasma and aqueous humor(AH)samples were collected from POAG patients(n=100,age:59.70±6.87y)and age-related cataract(ARC)patients(n=100,age:61.15±4.60y)admitted to our ***,Rn-nA was used to detect OnOO-in plasma and AH samples,and the relationship between OnOO-level and POAG was analyzed using binary logistic ***,Pearson correlation analysis was applied to characterize the correlation of the levels of OnOO-with the patients’age,intraocular pressure(IOP),and mean deviation of visual field *** OnOO-scavenger MnTMPyP was employed to treat the 3-morpholinosyndnomine(SIn-1)-induced ocular hypertension in mice(n=7,6-8wk).Finally,the IOP and OnOO-in both eyes were measured 30min after the last drug ***:OnOO-levels of AH and plasma were significantly higher in the POAG group than in the ARC group(Pnally,OnOO-levels were closely correlated with POAG in a binary logistic regression analysis[odds ratio(OR)=1.008,95%confidence interval(CI):1.002-1.013,Pn correlation analysis showed that OnOO-levels in AH or plasma were positively associated with visual field defects(R=0.51,Pnd OnOO-levels in plasma and AH were correlated in the POAG group(R=0.69,Pnistering MnTMPyP to mouse eyes reversed the elevated IOP caused by SIn-1(PnCLUSIOn:OnOO-levels in AH and plasma,detected by Rn-nA,are significantly related to POAG and positively correlated with visual field defects in POAG ***,OnOO-is a potential biomarker of POAG,especially advanced ***,anti-nitration compounds may be novel ocular hypotens

关键词： peroxynitrite fluorescent probe Rn-nA primary open angle glaucoma 3-morpholinosyndnomine

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FGF21 increases the sensitivity of hepatocellular carcinoma to sorafenib under hypoxia

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Malignancy Spectrum 2024年第2期1卷 99-112页

作者： Ting Zhang Huiling Shi Shihui Zhang Qin Zhu Mengyuan qiu Ashleigh T.Chitakunye Hanyu Hong Liaoxin luo yujing Li qiuyu Sun Xiaokun Li Lin Cai Department of Biopharmaceuticals School of Pharmaceutics SciencesWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina

Background:Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a common disease in human history and one of the main causes of cancer-related *** oxygen supply in the tumor microenvironment forces cancer cells to survive in a mild hypoxia *** growth factor 21(FGF21),a member of the FGF family,has become the focus of public attention due to its outstanding achievements in diabetes and lipid ***,the mechanism of FGF21 in HCC remains ***:The aims of this study were to clarify whether or not FGF21 could increase the sensitivity of HCC to sorafenib(SORA)under hypoxia and explore the possible ***:In this study,by using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide cell viability test,plate clone formation test,western blot analysis,Hoechst/propidium iodide double staining experiment,flow cytometry,quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction,and subcutaneous tumor transplantation in mice,we studied the effects of recombinant human FGF21 combined with SORA on hepatoma cells in vitro and in ***21 could enhance the phosphorylation of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3(Smad3)under anaerobic *** combined with SORA,FGF21 could increase the sensitivity of hepatoma cells to SORA and inhibit the growth and migration of hepatoma ***:FGF21 may increase the sensitivity of HCC to SORA by enhancing the phosphorylation of Smad3 through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway under ***:Our study suggested the possibility of combination therapy for SORA and FGF21 on HCC.

关键词： FGF21 sorafenib drug resistance hypoxia Smad3

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XOR spin logic operated by unipolar current based on field-free spin-orbit torque switching induced by a lateral interface

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Rare Metals 2024年第8期43卷 3868-3875页

作者： y.n-Ru Li Mei-y.n y.ng Guo-Qiang yu Bao-Shan Cui Jin-Biao Liu y.ng-Liang Li Qi-Ming Shao Jun luo Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology Institute of MicroelectronicsChinese Academy of Sciences(IMECAS)Beijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS) Beijing 100049China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of Ministry of Education Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China

Spin logics have emerged as a promising avenue for the development of logic-in-memory *** particular,the realization of XOR spin logic gates using a single spin-orbit torque device shows great potential for low-power stateful logic circuits in the next *** this study,we successfully obtained the XOR logic gate by utilizing a spin-orbit torque device with a lateral interface,which was created by local ion implantation in the Ta/Pt/Co/Ta Hall device exhibiting perpendicular magnetic *** angle of the lateral interface is set at 45°relative to the current direction,leading to the competition between symmetry breaking and current-driven néel-type domain wall ***,the field-free magnetic switching reversed is realized by the same sign of current amplitude at this *** on this field-free magnetic switching behavior,we successfully proposed an XOR logic gate that could be implemented using only a single spin-orbit torque Hall *** study provides a potentially viable approach toward efficient spin logics and in-memory computing architectures.

关键词： Filed-free magnetic switching Spin-orbit torque XOR logic gate Lateral interface

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基于荧光原位杂交的四种不同栽培种辣椒的核型分析

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园艺学报 2024年第10期51卷 2311-2319页

作者：罗银罗希榕吴诗琪李唐燕李靖邱化荣覃成遵义职业技术学院现代农业系贵州省遵义辣椒种质资源保护及繁育种植工程研究中心贵州遵义563006 湖南大学生物学院隆平分院长沙410125 贵州大学生命科学学院贵阳550025

为精确分析不同栽培种辣椒的染色体核型特征,以一年生辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)‘遵辣1号’、中国辣椒(*** Jacquin)‘海南黄灯笼’、浆果状辣椒(*** L.)‘Muaraparte Rojo’和灌木状辣椒(*** L.)‘米椒绿’为材料,利用染色体荧光原位... 详细信息

为精确分析不同栽培种辣椒的染色体核型特征,以一年生辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)‘遵辣1号’、中国辣椒(*** Jacquin)‘海南黄灯笼’、浆果状辣椒(*** L.)‘Muaraparte Rojo’和灌木状辣椒(*** L.)‘米椒绿’为材料,利用染色体荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)进行核型分析。结果表明:4种辣椒均是二倍体,染色体数为2n=2x=24。其中遵辣1号染色体长度为3.4~7.4μm,主要为中着丝粒和近中着丝粒染色体,核型属于20m+3sm+1st类型;海南黄灯笼染色体长度为4.6~7.4μm,主要为正中着丝粒和中着丝粒染色体,核型属于2M+22m;Muaraparte Rojo染色体长度为3.0~4.5μm,主要为中着丝粒染色体,核型公式为24m;米椒绿染色体长度为3.9~4.9μm,主要为中着丝粒染色体,为23m+1sm类型。5S rDnA和18S rDnA FISH结果表明:探针在染色体显示出的位点数18S rDnA(20个)明显多于5S rDnA(8个),不同栽培种的辣椒个体间存在差异,染色体5S rDnA位点数均为2个,但18S rDnA位点数不同,米椒绿最高(8个),其次为Muaraparte Rojo(6个),最低为海南黄灯笼(2个)。

关键词：辣椒栽培种荧光原位杂交核型分析

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不同栽培型白花前胡质量形成的代谢组学研究

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中国中药杂志 2024年第3期49卷 681-690页

作者：郭瑀徐广罗舜罗敏杨丹谭秋生杨永东邓才富重庆市药物种植研究所重庆市道地药材规范化生产工程技术研究中心重庆400485

为明确不同栽培型白花前胡的代谢差异,揭示质量形成机制,为前胡种质挖掘与利用提供参考依据。该研究基于超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术(UHPLC-MS/MS),对同一产地、同一时期的6种栽培型前胡(yS、H、LZ、Ly、LX、Z)进行非靶向代谢组学分析... 详细信息

为明确不同栽培型白花前胡的代谢差异,揭示质量形成机制,为前胡种质挖掘与利用提供参考依据。该研究基于超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术(UHPLC-MS/MS),对同一产地、同一时期的6种栽培型前胡(yS、H、LZ、Ly、LX、Z)进行非靶向代谢组学分析,利用主成分分析、正交偏最小二乘法判别分析、单变量统计分析等方法筛选不同栽培型前胡的差异代谢物,根据质荷比、数据库KEGG、相关文献、相关性分析确定与质量形成相关的潜在标志代谢物,识别代谢途径,分析质量形成过程。结果表明,6种栽培型前胡代谢物存在明显差异,正、负离子模式下,分别得到571、465种差异代谢物。其中,与质量形成相关的潜在标志代谢物22种,涉及苯丙烷生物合成、植物激素的生物合成及苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成等9种潜在靶向代谢通路。与yS型相比,各栽培型前胡中与苯丙烷生物合成相关的补骨脂素、欧前胡素、鲁望桔内酯下降,7-羟基香豆素、秦皮乙素、二氢欧山芹素、茉莉酸升高;其他代谢途径的2-琥珀酰苯甲酸酯、独活属醇、L-酪氨酸下降,以Z、H型的变化最大。因此,合理调控苯丙烷生物合成途径是栽培型前胡质量提升的关键机制之一,Z、H型具有更优的质量形成代谢过程可用于前胡优质种质的筛选与挖掘。

关键词：前胡栽培型标志代谢物质量形成代谢组学

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Irrigation and nitrogen fertiliser optimisation in protected vegetable fields of northern China:Achieving environmental and agronomic sustainability

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第3期23卷 1022-1033页

作者： Bingqian Fan yitao Zhang Owen Fenton Karen Daly Jungai Li Hongyuan Wang Limei Zhai Xiaosheng luo qiuliang Lei Shuxia Wu Hongbin Liu State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in northern China/Key Laboratory of nonpoint Source Pollution Control Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/lnstitute of Agricultural Resources and Regional PlanningChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Geographic Sciences and natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Teagasc Environmental Research CentreWexford Y35Ireland Institute of Plant nutrition Resources and Environmental SciencesHenan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou 450002China

Globally,sub-optimal use of nitrogen (n) fertiliser and elevated n irrigation groundwater have led to high leached nitrate (nO_(3)^(–)) losses from protected vegetable field *** fertiliser and irrigation management in different soil types is crucial to reduce future n loads from such *** present 4-year study examined leached n loads from lysimeter monitoring arrays set up across 18 protected vegetable system sites encompassing the dominant soil types of northern *** treatments applied at each field site were:1) a high n and high irrigation input treatment (HnHI);2) a low n but high irrigation input treatment (LnHI) and 3) a low n with low irrigation input treatment (LnLI).Results showed that the mean annual leached total nitrogen loads from the HnHI,LnHI and LnLI treatments were 325,294 and 257 kg n ha^(–1) in the fluvo-aquic soil,114,100 and 78 kg n ha^(–1) in the cinnamon soil and 79,68 and 57 kg n ha^(–1) in the black soil,*** n dissolved in irrigation water in the fluvo-aquic soil areas was 8.26-fold higher than in the cinnamon areas.A structural equation model showed that n fertiliser inputs and leaching water amounts explained 14.7 and 81.8%of the variation of leached n loads,***,reducing irrigation water by 21.5%decreased leached n loads by 20.9%,while reducing manure n and chemical n inputs by 22 and 25%decreased leached n loads by only 9.5%. This study highlights that protected vegetable fields dominated by fluvo-aquic soil need management to curtail leached n losses in northern China.

关键词： agriculture water quality nitrate groundwater irrigation management

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