检索结果-南通市图书馆

A GIS-based Modeling Approach for Fast Assessment of Soil Erosion by Water at Regional Scale, Loess Plateau of China

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chinese Geographical Science 2010年第5期20卷 423-433页

作者： HU Llangjun yang Haijun yang qinke LI Rui Key Laboratory for Vegetation Ecology of Ministry of Education Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences Yangling 712100 China

The objective of this study is to develop a unique modeling approach for fast assessment of massive soil erosion by water at a regional scale in the Loess Plateau, China. This approach relies on an understanding of both regional patterns of soil loss and its impact factors in the plateau area. Based on the regional characteristics of precipitation, vegetation and land form, and with the use of Landsat TM and ground investigation data, the entire Loess Plateau was first divided into 3 380 Fundamental Assessment Units （FAUs） to adapt to this regional modeling and fast assessment. A set of easily available parameters reflecting relevant water erosion factors at a regional scale was then developed, in which dynamic and static factors were discriminated. Arclnfo GIS was used to integrate all essential data into a central database. A resulting mathematical model was established to link the sediment yields and the selected variables on the basis of FAUs through overlay in GIS and multiple regression analyses. The sensitivity analyses and validation results show that this approach works effectively in assessing large area soil erosion, and also helps to understand the regional associations of erosion and its impact factors, and thus might significantly contribute to planning and policymaking for a large area erosion control in the Loess Plateau.

关键词： soil erosion by water G/S-based modeling soil erosion assessment regional scale Loess Plateau

Effects of soil rock fragment content on the USLE-K factor estimating and its influencing factors

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第2期11卷 263-275页

作者： Miaomiao yang qinke yang Keli Zhang Chunmei Wang Guowei Pang Yuru Li College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Northwest UniversityXi'an710127China College of Geography Beijing Nomal UniversityBeijing100875China The First Institute of Geoinformation Mapping Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of ChinaXian710054China

Rock fragments are an important component of soil,and their presence has a significant impact on soil erosion and sediment *** this paper,the effects of rock fragments in the topsoil profile(RFP)and rock fragments on the soil surface(RFS)on the soil erodibility factor(K)were assessed at a global *** spatial pattern of the relationship between stoniness and erodibility(RS-K)and its predominant factors were explored through correlation analysis,pattern analysis,and random forest model *** results were as followings:(1)The existence of RFP increased K by 2.84%.The RFS of the mountain land and desert/Gobi reduced K by 18.7%;therefore,once the RFP and RFS were taken into account in the calculation,K was 6.98%lower.(2)The predominant factors of the effect of RFS and the joint effect of RFP and RFS were elevation and slope *** predominant factors of the effect of RFP were annual average precipitation and annual average temperature.(3)In assessing and mapping soil erosion in large regions,special attention should be given to areas with large rock fragment contents,a relatively high altitude,and the presence of steep *** rock fragments were not taken into consideration,the mapping results of soil erosion may be *** article made the calculation of K more complete and accurate,thereby improving the accuracy of regional soil erosion *** research was of sig-nificance for the investigation of global hydrological effects and simulation of the global soil carbon budget.

关键词： Soilerosion Soil erodibility factor Rock fragment Rock cover Environmental elements

Quantitative assessment of the influence of terrace and check dam construction on watershed topography

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Frontiers of Earth Science 2020年第2期14卷 360-375页

作者： Guowei PANG qinke yang Chunmei WANG Rui LI Lu ZHANG Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity College of Urban and Environmental ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi’an 701027China Key Laboratory of Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions State Forestry and Grassland AdministrationXi’an 710127China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation CAS&MWRYangling 712100China Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering MNRXi’an 710075China

Terrace and check dam construction has substantially changed land surface morphology,which in turn affects modern surface *** elevation models(DEMs)provide an effective way to quantitatively analyze surface morphology and ***,existing DEMs lack sufficient ability to express artificial *** on 1:10000 topographic maps of the Zhifanggou watershed,a series of artificial terrain DEMs for the study site were constructed by both field investigation and remote sensing images from 1938 to *** terrain analysis was used to quantitatively assess the influence of terrace and check dam construction on the watershed *** results showed that the artificial terrain DEM could capture the spatial distribution patterns of terraces and dam lands and improved the ability of DEM to express *** construction of terraces and check dams clearly changed the surface *** average elevation change of each terrace mainly ranged between–1.5 and 1.5 m,while the annual average deposition height of the dam lands was 9.16 *** average slope,slope length,and slope length and steepness factor of the watershed decreased with the effect of the artificial terrain on the surface,and their averages decreased by 0.65°,6.75 m,and 0.83,respectively,from 1938 to *** the construction of terraces reduced their surface slope to nearly 0°,the slope of terrace embankments rapidly increased,to more than 45°,which may lead to gravitational erosion and potential terrace *** reduced the slope length in both the terrace distribution area and downslope of the *** dam deposition reduced the slope and slope length of the *** study contributes to a better understanding of the topographic change rules after terrace and check dam construction,and aids in elucidating the mechanisms of soil erosion process influenced by artificial topography.

关键词： check dam digital elevation model Loess Plateau terrace topography

Application of ^(137)Cs fingerprinting technique to interpreting sediment production records from reservoir deposits in a small catchment of the Hilly Loess Plateau,China

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第2期50卷 254-260页

作者： ZHANG XinBao WEN ZhongMing FENG MingYi yang qinke ZHENG JinJun Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)&Ministry of Water Resources(MWR)Chengdu 610041China State Key laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentCASXi’an 710075China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationCAS&MWRYangling 712100China China West Normal University Nanchong 637002China

According to variations of 137Cs and clay contents, 44 flood couplets were identified in a profile of res- ervoir deposit with a vertical length of 28.12 m in the Yuntaishan Gully. Couplet 27 at the middle of the profile had the highest average 137Cs content of 12.65 Bq·kg?1, which indicated the 1963s' deposits, then 137Cs content decreased both downward and upward in the profile. The second top and bottom couplets had average 137Cs contents of 2.15 Bq·kg?1 and 0.92 Bq·kg?1, respectively. By integrated analysis of reservoir construction and management history, variations of 137Cs contents over the profile, sediment yields of flood couplets and rainfall data during the period of 1958-1970, individual storms related to the flood couplets were identified. 44 floods with a total sediment yield of 2.36×104 m3 occurred and flood events in a year varied between 1 and 10 times during the period of 1960-1970. 7-10 flood events occurred during the wet period of 1961-1964 with very wet autumn, while only 1-2 events during the dry period of 1965-1969. Average annual specific sediment yield was 1.29×104 t·km?2·a?1 for the Yuntaishan Gully during the period of 1960-1970, which was slightly higher than 1.11 ×104 t·km?2·a?1 for the Upper Yanhe River Basin above the Ganguyi Hydrological Station and slightly lower than 1.40 ×104 t·km?2·a?1 for the nearby Zhifang Gully during the same period. Annual specific sediment yields for the Yuntaishan Gully were correlated to the wet season's rainfalls well.

关键词： Hilly Loess Plateau small catchment reservoir deposit ^(137)Cs fingerprinting technique sediment yield

Study on a soil erosion sampling survey in the Pan-Third Pole region based on higher-resolution images

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第4期8卷 440-451页

作者： qinke yang Mengyang Zhu Chunmei Wang Xiaoping Zhang Baoyuan Liu Xin Wei Guowei Pang Chaozhen Du Lihua yang College of Urban and Environment Northwest University XianShaanxi710126China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academic Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYanglingShaanxi712100China College of Geography Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China

Soil erosion is one of the most severe global environmental problems,and soil erosion surveys are the scientific basis for planning soil conservation and ecological *** improve soil erosion sampling survey methods and accurately and rapidly estimate the actual rates of soil erosion,a Pan-Third Pole region was taken as an example to study a methodology of soil erosion sampling survey based on high-spatial-resolution remote sensing *** sampling units were designed using a stratified variable probability systematic sampling *** spatiotemporal characteristics of soil erosion and conservation were taken into account,and finer-resolution freely available and accessible images in Google Earth were *** the visual interpretation of the free high-resolution remote sensing images,detailed information on land use and soil conservation measures was ***,combined with the regional soil erosion factor data products,such as rainfall-runoff erosivity factor(R),soil erodibility factor(K),and slope length and steepness factor(LS),the soil loss rates of some sampling units were *** results show that,based on these high-resolution remote sensing images,the land use and soil conservation measures of the sampling units can be quickly and accurately *** interpretation accuracy in 4 typical cross sections was more than 80%,and sampling accuracy,described by histogram similarity in 11 large sampling sites,show that the landuse of sampling uints can represent the structural characteristics of regional land *** on the interpretation of data from the sample survey and the regional soil erosion factor data products,the calculation of the soil erosion rate can be completed *** calculation results can reflect the actual conditions of soil erosion better than the potential soil erosion rates calculated by using the coarse-resolution remote sensing method.

关键词： Pan-third pole area Land use Soil conservation measures Remote sensing Variable probability sampling

Impacts of horizontal resolution and downscaling on the USLE LS factor for different terrains

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第4期8卷 363-372页

作者： Chunmei Wang Linxin Shan Xin Liu qinke yang Richard M.Cruse Baoyuan Liu Rui Li Hongming Zhang Guowei Pang Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity Northwest UniversityXi'an710127PR China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Northwest UniversityXi'an710127PR China Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions Xi'an University of TechnologyXi'an 710048PR China Department of Agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA Xi'an Institute of Prospecting and Mapping Xi'an710054PRChina Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875PR China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling712100ShaanxiPR China College of Information Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China

Slope length and slope steepness are critical topographic factors(L and S)in the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE)and Chinese Soil Loss Equation(CSLE)for soil erosion *** slope length and slope gradient are potentially sensitive to spatial resolution when calculated in a GIS *** resolution effect on the LS factor and approaches suitable for improving the LS factor at a coarse resolution have not been well *** address this problem,the LS factor at 5-m and 30-m resolution in twenty-four watersheds with various terrains was *** a downscale model based on matching of the lower resolution LS cumulative frequency curves to a higher resolution("Histogram Matching"method)was tested for its potential to improve LS factor estimation *** the larger relief mountainous area,compared to 5-m resolution,the 30-m resolution generated LS was generally overestimated by more than 20%and in lower relief areas underestimated by more than 15%.This bias is less than 10%in medium relief *** downscale model improved LS factor estimates compared to the 30-m resolution estimate by more than 10%when comparing frequency distribution curves and more than 20%in mean values in larger relief *** downscale model worked well in all regions except for the low relief areas,which intuitively are the low soil erosion potential *** results of this research help quantify the uncertainty in soil erosion estimates and may ultimately help to improve the assessment of soil erosion through its impact on LS factor estimates,especially at regional and global scales.

关键词： LS factor SRTM Resolution Downscale USLE

Unpaved road erosion after heavy storms in mountain areas of northern China

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第1期10卷 29-37页

作者： Chunmei Wang Baoyuan Liu qinke yang Guowei Pang Yongqing Long Lei Wang Richard M.Cruse Weiqin Dang Xin Liu Enheng Wang Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity College of Urban and Environmental SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'an710127PR China Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions Xi'an710048PR China Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences Beijing Normal University at ZhuhaiZhuhai519087PR China State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology School of GeographyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875PR China Department of Agronomy Iowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA Suide Experimental Station for Soil and Water Conservation the Yellow River Conservancy CommissionYulinShaanxi719000PR China Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbinHeilongjiang150040PR China

More frequent extreme rainfall events associated with global climate change cause greater challenges for soil *** erosion occurs on many unpaved roads since these structures create important water flow paths during heavy *** present research aimed to investigate the intensity and influencing factors of unpaved road erosion under varied land use and management conditions(sloping cropland,terraced cropland,forest&grass).The erosion occurred in the watersheds contributing runoff water to roads after the greatest rainfall event recorded in the mountain area of northern China caused by Typhon *** research was conducted in an agricultural-forest-dominated watershed based on field investigation and UAV-based image analysis.A road erosion level classification standard was given according to the occurrence of rills,ephemeral gullies,and *** erosion happened on 67% of the unpaved roads;42% of them suffered moderate to severe erosion in which ephemeral gullies or gullies *** average erosion amount from these roads was 2280.75 t ha-1 and was significantly influenced by the watershed land use type and *** dominant factor governing unpaved road erosion associated with terraced cropland was vegetation coverage on *** area was the most important factor for road erosion in sloping cropland and forest&grass land,and road gradient was also a critical ***,and forest&grass in drainage areas significantly reduced unpaved road erosion by 85%and,47%,respectively,compared to sloping *** integrated measures should be used to prevent unpaved road *** results of this research can be applied to road protection against erosion in heavy storms.

关键词： Unpaved road erosion Heavy storm Gully Land management Climate change

An applied research on remote sensing classification in the Loess Plateau

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Journal of Geographical Sciences 2003年第4期13卷 395-399页

作者： LIU Yongmei TANG Guoan LI Tianwen yang qinke Department of Urban and Resource Science Northwest University Xi’an China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation CAS and Ministry of Water Resources Yangling China The Key Open Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Ministry of Education Northwest University Xi’an China

Dae to complex terrain of the Loess Plateau, the classification accuracy is unsatisfactory when a single supervised classification is used in die remote sensing investigation of the sloping field. Taking the loess hill and gully area of northern Shaanxi Province as a test area, a research was conducted to extract sloping field and other land use categories by applying an integrated classification. Based on an integration of supervised classification aad unsupervised classification, sampling method is remarkably unproved. The results show that the classification accuracy is satisfactory by the method and is of critical significance in obtaining up-to-date information of the sloping field, which should be helpful in the state key project of converting farmland to forest and grassland on slope land in this area. This research sought to improve the application accuracy of image classification in complex terrain areas.

关键词： remote sensing integrated classification loess hilly and gully area sloping field Shaanxi

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

中国水土流失和水土保持定量研究进展

水土保持通报 1998年第5期18卷 13-18页

作者：杨勤科李锐中国科学院

近代中国土壤流失定量评价始于本世纪５０年代，８０年代初开始土壤评价统计模型的研究开发，８０年代末开展了土壤侵蚀预报物理模型的探索，同时还在较大区域（如黄图高原）乃至全国尺度上进行了土壤侵蚀和水土保持的评价研究。中国土... 详细信息

近代中国土壤流失定量评价始于本世纪５０年代，８０年代初开始土壤评价统计模型的研究开发，８０年代末开展了土壤侵蚀预报物理模型的探索，同时还在较大区域（如黄图高原）乃至全国尺度上进行了土壤侵蚀和水土保持的评价研究。中国土壤流失与水土保持定量评价研究可概括为３个层次：地块—小流域—区域（或国家），２种类型：统计模型；物理模型。进一步的研究应致力于国外模型的引进，解决模型的统一和通用性问题，加强遥感与ＧＩＳ技术的应用，并建立完整的中国水土流失评价模型系统。

关键词：水土流失土壤侵蚀定量评价侵蚀预报