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A Practical Approach to Constructing a Geological Knowledge Graph:A Case Study of Mineral Exploration Data

Journal of Earth Science 2023年第5期34卷 1374-1389页

作者： qinjun qiu Bin Wang Kai Ma Hairong Lü Liufeng Tao Zhong Xie Collaborative Innovation Center of Geo-Information Technology for Smart Central Plains Zhengzhou 450046China Key Laboratory of Spatiotemporal Perception and Intelligent Processing Ministry of Natural ResourcesZhengzhou 450046China Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vision Based Monitoring for Hydroelectric Engineering China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China College of Computer and Information Technology China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China Department of Automation Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Open data initiatives have promoted governmental agencies and scientific organizations to publish data online for *** of geoscience focuses on processing georeferenced quantitative data(e.g.,rock parameters,geochemical tests,geophysical surveys and satellite imagery)for discovering new *** knowledge is the cognitive result of human knowledge of the spatial distribution,evolution and interaction patterns of geological objects or *** graphs(KGs)can formalize unstructured knowledge into structured form and have been used in supporting decision-making *** this paper,we propose a novel framework that can extract the geological knowledge graph(GKG)from public reports relating to a modelling *** on the analysis of basic questions answered by geology,we summarize and abstract geological knowledge elements and then explore a geological knowledge representation model with three levels of“geological conceptsgeological entities-geological relations”to describe semantic units of geological knowledge and their logic ***,based on the characteristics of mineral resource reports,the geological knowledge representation model oriented to“object relationships”and the hierarchical geological knowledge representation model oriented to“process relationships”are proposed with reference to the commonly used geological knowledge graph *** research in this paper can provide some implications for the formalization and structured representation of geological knowledge graphs.

关键词： mineral resource report geological knowledge knowledge graph ontology hierarchical knowledge representation model

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Ontology-Based BERT Model for Automated Information Extraction from Geological Hazard Reports

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第5期34卷 1390-1405页

作者： Kai Ma Miao Tian Yongjian Tan qinjun qiu Zhong Xie Rong Huang Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vision Based Monitoring for Hydroelectric Engineering China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China College of Computer and Information Technology China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Farmland Environment Monitoring China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China School of Computer Science China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation Ministry of Natural ResourcesShenzhen 518034China Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Spatial Information Engineering Beijing 100045China College of Economics and Management China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China

Geological knowledge can provide support for knowledge discovery, knowledge inference and mineralization predictions of geological big data. Entity identification and relationship extraction from geological data description text are the key links for constructing knowledge graphs. Given the lack of publicly annotated datasets in the geology domain, this paper illustrates the construction process of geological entity datasets, defines the types of entities and interconceptual relationships by using the geological entity concept system, and completes the construction of the geological corpus. To address the shortcomings of existing language models(such as Word2vec and Glove) that cannot solve polysemous words and have a poor ability to fuse contexts, we propose a geological named entity recognition and relationship extraction model jointly with Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers(BERT) pretrained language model. To effectively represent the text features, we construct a BERT-bidirectional gated recurrent unit network(BiGRU)-conditional random field(CRF)-based architecture to extract the named entities and the BERT-BiGRU-Attention-based architecture to extract the entity relations. The results show that the F1-score of the BERT-BiGRU-CRF named entity recognition model is 0.91 and the F1-score of the BERT-BiGRU-Attention relationship extraction model is 0.84, which are significant performance improvements when compared to classic language models(e.g., word2vec and Embedding from Language Models(ELMo)).

关键词： ontology BERT model name entity recognition relation extraction knowledge graph

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GeoNER:Geological Named Entity Recognition with Enriched Domain Pre-Training Model and Adversarial Training

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第5期98卷 1404-1417页

作者： MA Kai HU Xinxin TIAN Miao TAN Yongjian ZHENG Shuai TAO Liufeng qiu qinjun Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vision Based Monitoring for Hydroelectric Engineering China Three Gorges UniversityYichangHubei 443002China College of Computer and Information Technology China Three Gorges UniversityYichangHubei 443002China Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China School of Computer Science China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Key Laboratory of Quantitative Resource Evaluation and Information Engineering Ministry of Natural ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

As important geological data,a geological report contains rich expert and geological knowledge,but the challenge facing current research into geological knowledge extraction and mining is how to render accurate understanding of geological reports guided by domain *** generic named entity recognition models/tools can be utilized for the processing of geoscience reports/documents,their effectiveness is hampered by a dearth of domain-specific knowledge,which in turn leads to a pronounced decline in recognition *** study summarizes six types of typical geological entities,with reference to the ontological system of geological domains and builds a high quality corpus for the task of geological named entity recognition(GNER).In addition,Geo Wo BERT-adv BGP(Geological Word-base BERTadversarial training Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory Global Pointer)is proposed to address the issues of ambiguity,diversity and nested entities for the geological *** model first uses the fine-tuned word granularitybased pre-training model Geo Wo BERT(Geological Word-base BERT)and combines the text features that are extracted using the Bi LSTM(Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory),followed by an adversarial training algorithm to improve the robustness of the model and enhance its resistance to interference,the decoding finally being performed using a global association pointer *** experimental results show that the proposed model for the constructed dataset achieves high performance and is capable of mining the rich geological information.

关键词： geological named entity recognition geological report adversarial training confrontation training global pointer pre-training model

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Deep Learning and Network Analysis:Classifying and Visualizing Geologic Hazard Reports

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第4期35卷 1289-1303页

作者： Wenjia Li Liang Wu Xinde Xu Zhong Xie qinjun qiu Hao Liu Zhen Huang Jianguo Chen School of Geography and Information Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan430078China Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education China University of GeosciencesWuhan430078China School of Computer Science China University of GeosciencesWuhan430078China Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation Ministry of Natural ResourcesShenzhen518034China Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vision Based Monitoring for Hydroelectric Engineering China Three Gorges UniversityYichang443002China Wuhan Geomatics Institute Wuhan430074China Faculty of Earth Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China

If progress is to be made toward improving geohazard management and emergency decision-making,then lessons need to be learned from past geohazard information.A geologic hazard report provides a useful and reliable source of information about the occurrence of an event,along with detailed information about the condition or factors of the *** such reports,however,can be a challenging process because these texts are often presented in unstructured long text formats,and contain rich specialized and detailed *** text classification is commonly used to mine disaster text data in open domains(e.g.,news and microblogs).But it has limitations to performing contextual long-distance dependencies and is insensitive to discourse *** deficiencies are most obviously exposed in long text ***,this paper uses the bidirectional encoder representations from Transformers(BERT),to model long ***,utilizing a softmax layer to automatically extract text features and classify geohazards without manual *** latent Dirichlet allocation(LDA)model is used to examine the interdependencies that exist between causal variables to visualize *** proposed method is useful in enabling the machine-assisted interpretation of text-based ***,it can help users visualize causes,processes,and other geohazards and assist decision-makers in emergency responses.

关键词： geologic hazard network analysis latent dirichlet allocation text classification deep learning

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An adaptive representation model for geoscience knowledge graphs considering complex spatiotemporal features and relationships

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第11期66卷 2563-2578页

作者： Yunqiang ZHU Kai SUN Shu WANG Chenghu ZHOU Feng LU Hairong LV qinjun qiu Xinbing WANG Yanmin QI State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing 210023China Department of Automation Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Computer Science China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Computer Science University of Nottingham Ningbo ChinaNingbo 315100China

Geoscience knowledge graph(GKG)can organize various geoscience knowledge into a machine understandable and computable semantic network and is an effective way to organize geoscience knowledge and provide knowledge-related *** a result,it has gained significant attention and become a frontier in *** knowledge is derived from many disciplines and has complex spatiotemporal features and relationships of multiple scales,granularities,and ***,establishing a GKG representation model conforming to the characteristics of geoscience knowledge is the basis and premise for the construction and application of ***,existing knowledge graph representation models leverage fixed tuples that are limited in fully representing complex spatiotemporal features and *** address this issue,this paper first systematically analyzes the categorization and spatiotemporal features and relationships of geoscience *** this basis,an adaptive representation model for GKG is proposed by considering the complex spatiotemporal features and *** the constraint of a unified spatiotemporal ontology,this model adopts different tuples to adaptively represent different types of geoscience knowledge according to their spatiotemporal *** model can efficiently represent geoscience knowledge,thereby avoiding the isolation of the spatiotemporal feature representation and improving the accuracy and efficiency of geoscience knowledge *** can further enable the alignment,transformation,computation,and reasoning of spatiotemporal information through a spatiotemporal ontology.

关键词： Geoscience Knowledge graph Representation model Spatiotemporal features Spatiotemporal relationships

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Knowledge Graph for Identifying Geological Disasters by Integrating Computer Vision with Ontology

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第5期34卷 1418-1432页

作者： qinjun qiu Zhong Xie Die Zhang Kai Ma Liufeng Tao Yongjian Tan Zhipeng Zhang Baode Jiang School of Computer Science China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China National Engineering Research Center of Geographic Information System Wuhan 430074China School of Resource and Environmental Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430074China College of Computer and Information Technology China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vision Based Monitoring for Hydroelectric Engineering China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China

The occurrence of geological disasters can have a large impact on urban safety. Protecting people’s safety is the most important concern when disasters occur. Safety improvement requires a large amount of comprehensive and representative risk analysis and a large collection of information related to geological hazards, including unstructured knowledge and experience. To address the relevant information and support safety risk analysis, a geological hazard knowledge graph is developed automatically based on computer vision and domain-geoscience ontology to identify geological hazards from input images while obeying safety rules and regulations, even when affected by changes. In the implementation of the knowledge graph, we design an ontology schema of geological disasters based on a top-down approach, and by organizing knowledge as a logical semantic expression, it can be shared using ontology technologies and therefore enable semantic interoperability. Computer vision approaches are then used to automatically detect a set of entities and attributes, using the data from input images, and object types and their attributes are identified so that they can be stored in Neo4j for reasoning and searching. Finally, a reasoning model for geological hazard identification was developed using the Neo4j database to create nodes, relationships, and their properties for modeling, and geological hazards in the images can be automatically identified by searching the Neo4j database. An application on geological hazard is presented. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in terms of identifying possible potential hazards in geological hazards and assisting in formulating targeted preventive measures.

关键词： geological hazard computer vision knowledge graph city safety ontology

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Extracting Named Entity Using Entity Labeling in Geological Text Using Deep Learning Approach

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第5期34卷 1406-1417页

作者： qinjun qiu Miao Tian Zhong Xie Yongjian Tan Kai Ma Qingfang Wang Shengyong Pan Liufeng Tao State Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering and Key Laboratory of Surveying and Mapping Science and Geospatial Information Technology of MNR Chinese Academy of Surveying and MappingBeijing 100036China Key Laboratory of Spatial-Temporal Big Data Analysis and Application of Natural Resources in Megacities MNRShanghai 20063China Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vision Based Monitoring for Hydroelectric Engineering China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China College of Computer and Information Technology China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China Chengdu Geological Environment Monitoring Station Chengdu 610036China Wuhan Zondy Cyber Science&Technology Co. Ltd.Wuhan 430074China

Artificial intelligence(AI) is the key to mining and enhancing the value of big data, and knowledge graph is one of the important cornerstones of artificial intelligence, which is the core foundation for the integration of statistical and physical representations. Named entity recognition is a fundamental research task for building knowledge graphs, which needs to be supported by a high-quality corpus, and currently there is a lack of high-quality named entity recognition corpus in the field of geology, especially in Chinese. In this paper, based on the conceptual structure of geological ontology and the analysis of the characteristics of geological texts, a classification system of geological named entity types is designed with the guidance and participation of geological experts, a corresponding annotation specification is formulated, an annotation tool is developed, and the first named entity recognition corpus for the geological domain is annotated based on real geological reports. The total number of words annotated was 698 512 and the number of entities was 23 345. The paper also explores the feasibility of a model pre-annotation strategy and presents a statistical analysis of the distribution of technical and term categories across genres and the consistency of corpus annotation. Based on this corpus, a Lite Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers(ALBERT)-Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory(BiLSTM)-Conditional Random Fields(CRF) and ALBERT-BiLSTM models are selected for experiments, and the results show that the F1-scores of the recognition performance of the two models reach 0.75 and 0.65 respectively, providing a corpus basis and technical support for information extraction in the field of geology.

关键词： ontology geological reports named entity recognition geological corpus construction semi-automated annotation platforms deep learning

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Integrating NLP and Ontology Matching into a Unified System for Automated Information Extraction from Geological Hazard Reports

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第5期34卷 1433-1446页

作者： qinjun qiu Zhen Huang Dexin Xu Kai Ma Liufeng Tao Run Wang Jianguo Chen Zhong Xie Yongsheng Pan Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation Ministry of Natural ResourcesShenzhen 518034China Key Laboratory of Geological Survey and Evaluation of Ministry of Education China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Spatial Information Engineering Beijing 100045China School of Geography and Information Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Wuhan Geomatics Institute Wuhan 430074China College of Computer and Information Technology China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China Hubei Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vision Based Monitoring for Hydroelectric Engineering China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China Geological Environmental Center of Hubei Province Wuhan 430034China Faculty of Earth Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China Wuhan Zondy Cyber Science&Technology Co. Ltd.Wuhan 430074China

Many detailed data on past geological hazard events are buried in geological hazard reports and have not been fully utilized. The growing developments in geographic information retrieval and temporal information retrieval offer opportunities to analyse this wealth of data to mine the spatiotemporal evolution of geological disaster occurrence and enhance risk decision making. This study presents a combined NLP and ontology matching information extraction framework for automatically recognizing semantic and spatiotemporal information from geological hazard reports. This framework mainly extracts unstructured information from geological disaster reports through named entity recognition, ontology matching and gazetteer matching to identify and annotate elements, thus enabling users to quickly obtain key information and understand the general content of disaster reports. In addition, we present the final results obtained from the experiments through a reasonable visualization and analyse the visual results. The extraction and retrieval of semantic information related to the dynamics of geohazard events are performed from both natural and human perspectives to provide information on the progress of events.

关键词： geological hazard report spatiotemporal information geological hazard ontology natural language processing gazetteers onlology machine learning

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面向灾害应急响应的地质灾害链知识图谱构建方法

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地球科学 2023年第5期48卷 1875-1891页

作者：邱芹军吴亮马凯谢忠陶留锋中国地质大学计算机学院湖北武汉430078 三峡大学计算机与信息学院湖北宜昌443002 湖北省水电工程智能视觉监测重点实验室湖北宜昌443002 湖北省农田环境监测工程技术研究中心湖北宜昌443002

知识图谱是形式化描述实体及其相互关系的知识系统,其在应急救灾、时空预测决策等方面发挥着重要的作用.灾害应急领域面临数据骤增而应急关键知识匮乏问题,由此从灾害链角度分析地质灾害发展过程中关联的诸多要素,提出了一种自顶向下和... 详细信息

知识图谱是形式化描述实体及其相互关系的知识系统,其在应急救灾、时空预测决策等方面发挥着重要的作用.灾害应急领域面临数据骤增而应急关键知识匮乏问题,由此从灾害链角度分析地质灾害发展过程中关联的诸多要素,提出了一种自顶向下和自底向上结合的地质灾害链知识图谱构建方法.首先,基于灾害链角度对地质灾害间复杂形成机理及成链规律进行分析,在已有地质灾害知识基础上,基于自顶向下方法建立了统一的用于信息抽取的地质灾害链本体语义表达框架,包括描述地质灾害知识体系的地质灾害事件本体、承载地质灾害发生的地质环境本体、受地质灾害作用下的地理对象本体及地质灾害在灾前、灾中和灾后时空过程中对应的应急处置方法本体;其次,结合自底向上方法构建数据层,通过知识融合、知识存储对概念、实例与属性等要素及其关联关系进行识别;最后以汶川地震为例并对知识图谱进行可视化表达.结果表明,本方法能有效地对四类要素及其关系进行识别,实现了数据‒信息‒知识的转换,为地质灾害领域的知识图谱构建提供技术参考.

关键词：地质灾害链知识图谱领域本体自然语言处理应急响应灾害地质.

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基于注意力机制的孪生网络地质调查空间实体与文本信息匹配

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高校地质学报 2023年第3期29卷 337-344页

作者：邱芹军马凯谢忠陶留锋黄波中国地质大学(武汉)计算机学院武汉430074 智能地学信息处理湖北省重点实验室武汉430074 湖北省水电工程智能视觉监测重点实验室宜昌443002 三峡大学计算机与信息学院宜昌443002 武汉中地数码科技有限公司武汉430074

对来源不同的地质对象进行关联匹配,并通过模型对其结构、属性及语义关系进行表示是后期语义查询及聚类等任务的重要支撑。文章针对地质调查空间实体与外部文本描述语义异构、表达差异等问题,提出了一种基于注意力机制的孪生网络地质调... 详细信息

对来源不同的地质对象进行关联匹配,并通过模型对其结构、属性及语义关系进行表示是后期语义查询及聚类等任务的重要支撑。文章针对地质调查空间实体与外部文本描述语义异构、表达差异等问题,提出了一种基于注意力机制的孪生网络地质调查空间实体与文本描述信息关联匹配模型。首先,将地质调查空间实体的属性信息转换成为文本段落,以句向量基本粒度对地质空间实体进行文本语义编码;接着将两类文本对象映射到统一向量空间中,并输入到孪生网络中进行特征学习,最后在构建真实数据集上进行模型性能的实验测评。结果显示,该模型能够较好表示地质调查空间实体句子语义信息,其识别F1值相比基准实验提高了8.4个百分点,优于选取的对比方法。

关键词：地质调查实体文本多语义表征信息匹配语义相似性

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