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Impacts of solid physical properties on the performances of a slurry external airlift loop reactor integrating mixing and separation

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2023年第3期55卷 1-12页

作者： Tian Zhang qingshan huang Shujun Geng Aqiang Chen Yan Liu Haidong Zhang School of Chemical Engineering Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300130China Key Laboratory of Biofuels Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology(QIBEBT)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Qingdao 266101China Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy(DNL) Dalian 116023China Innovation Academy for Green Manufacture Institute of Process EngineeringCASBeijing 100190China Synthetic Biology Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province Qingdao 266101China Shandong Energy Institute Qingdao 266101China

Solid physical properties are vital for the design, optimization, and scale-up of gas–liquid–solid multiphase reactors. The complex and interactional effects of the solid physical properties, including particle diameter, density, wettability, and sphericity, on the hydrodynamic behaviors in a new external airlift loop reactor(EALR) integrating mixing and separation are decoupled in this work. Two semi-empirical equations are proposed and validated to predict the overall gas holdup and liquid circulating velocity satisfactorily, and then the individual influence of such solid physical properties is further investigated. The results demonstrate that both the overall gas holdup in the riser and the liquid circulating velocity in the downcomer increase with the contact angle, but decrease with particle size, density, and sphericity.Additionally, the impact of the particle size on the liquid circulating velocity is also profoundly revealed on a micro-level considering the particle size distribution. Moreover, the axial solid concentration distribution is discussed, and the uniformity of the slurry is described by the mixing index of the solid particles. The results show that a more homogeneous mixture can be achieved by adding finer particles other than attaining violent turbulence. Therefore, this work lays a foundation for the design, scale-up, and industrialization of the EALRs.

关键词： Slurry reactor Hydrodynamics Particle Mixing Solid physical property

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Influences of fluid physical properties,solid particles,and operating conditions on the hydrodynamics in slurry reactors

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第4期35卷 51-71页

作者： He Yang Aqiang Chen Shujun Geng Jingcai Cheng Fei Gao qingshan huang Chao Yang Key Laboratory of Biofuels Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology(QIBEBT)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Qingdao 266101China Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy(DNL) Dalian 116023China Synthetic Biology Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province Qingdao 266101China Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Chemical Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100080China Petrochemical Research Institute China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)Beijing 100083China

Slurry reactors are popular in many industrial processes,involved with numerous chemical and biological mixtures,solid particles with different concentrations and properties,and a wide range of operating conditions.These factors can significantly affect the hydrodynamic in the slurry reactors,having remarkable effects on the design,scale-up,and operation of the slurry reactors.This article reviews the influences of fluid physical properties,solid particles,and operating conditions on the hydrodynamics in slurry reactors.Firstly,the influence of fluid properties,including the density and viscosity of the individual liquid and gas phases and the interfacial tension,has been reviewed.Secondly,the solid particle properties(i.e.,concentration,density,size,wettability,and shape)on the hydrodynamics have been discussed in detail,and some vital but often ignored features,especially the influences of particle wettability and shape,as well as the variation of surface tension because of solid concentration alteration,are highlighted in this work.Thirdly,the variations of physical properties of fluids,hydrodynamics,and bubble behavior resulted from the temperature and pressure variations are also summarized,and the indirect influences of pressure on viscosity and surface tension are addressed systematically.Finally,conclusions and perspectives of these notable influences on the design and scale-up of industrial slurry reactors are presented.

关键词： Multiphase reactors Fluid physical properties Particle Operating conditions Bubble column Airlift loop reactor

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Modeling of segregation in magnetized fluidized bed with binary mixture of Geldart-B magnetizable and nonmagnetizable particles

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第6期26卷 1412-1422页

作者： Quanhong Zhu Hongzhong Li qingshan Zhu qingshan huang Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

For the magnetized fluidized bed(MFB)with the binary mixture of Geldart-B magnetizable and nonmagnetizable particles,the magnetically induced segregation between these two kinds of particles occurs at high magnetic field intensities(H),leading to the deterioration of the fluidization quality.The critical intensity(H_(ms))above which such segregation commences varies with the gas velocity(U_g).This work focuses on establishing a segregation model to theoretically derive the H_(ms)–U_g relationship.In a magnetic field,the magnetizable particles form agglomerates.The magnetically induced segregation in essence refers to the size segregation of the binary mixture of agglomerates and nonmagnetizable particles.Consequently,the segregation model was established in two steps:first,the size of agglomerates(d_A)was calculated by the force balance model;then,the H_(ms)–U_g relationship was obtained by substituting the expression of d_Ainto the basic size segregation model for binary mixtures.As per the force balance model,the cohesive and collision forces were 1_2 orders of magnitude greater than the other forces exerted on the agglomerates.Therefore,the balance between these two forces largely determined d_A.The calculated d_A increased with increasing H and decreasing U_g,agreeing qualitatively with the experimental observation.The calculated H_(ms)–U_ g relationship agreed reasonably with the experimental data,indicating that the present segregation model could predict well the segregation behavior in the MFB with the binary mixture.

关键词：分离模型流体化二进制粒子混合模特儿 MFB 高磁场

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An integrated model for predicting the flame propagation in crimped ribbon flame arresters

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第5期26卷 930-941页

作者： Zheng Wang Bing Sun qingshan huang Fuhua Jiang Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Safety and Control for Chemicals SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences

Crimped ribbon flame arresters are important safety devices in the chemical industry, especially for the dangerous situations. Although proper design of arresters by the numerical simulation method is promising, its reliability and accuracy are dependent upon the mathematical model. In this work, an integrated mathematical model for the microchannel in the crimped ribbon flame arresters was set up; the fluid flow behavior and the sensitivities of four chemical kinetics mechanisms of propane-air on the accuracy were analysed. It is shown that turbulence is predominant in the microchannel of the crimped ribbon flame arresters under the deflagration and detonation conditions, and a new quenching criterion for the numerical simulation is proposed. The kinetics mechanism of Mansouri et al. among the four ones is the most accurate due to the best agreement of the predicted outlet temperature at the experimental flameproof velocity with the autoignition temperature of propane-air. The species mass fraction profiles and the temperature distribution, which are too difficult to measure due to the tiny dimension of the microchannel in experiments, are captured. The fundamental insights into chemical reactions and heat loss are well portrayed. It can be concluded that the integrated mathematical model established in this work can be used as a reliable tool for modeling, selecting and designing such type of crimped ribbon flame arresters with the propane-air medium in the future.

关键词：火焰带子综合模型综合数学模型数字模拟方法动力学机制繁殖预言

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Process Intensification in Pneumatically Agitated Slurry Reactors

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Engineering 2021年第3期7卷 304-325页

作者： Shujun Geng Zai-Sha Mao qingshan huang Chao Yang Key Llaboratory of Biofues Qingdao Institute of Eioenergy and Bioprocess TednologyChinese ALcadermy of SsciencesQingdao 266101China Dalian Narional Labor atary or dlean Energy Dalian lustitue of chemical PhysitsChinese Academy of SciancesDalian 11623China Key Laboratary of areen Proces and Engireering Iistitue of Poess Eingireeringhinese Academy of SdercesBeijing 100190Ohina

Pneumatically agitated slurry reactors,including bubble column reactors and airlift loop reactors(ALRs),are important gas-liquid-solid multiphase reactors.These reactors have been widely applied in many processes,especially in the biological fermentation and energy chemical industry,due to their low shear stress,good mixing,perfect mass-/heat-transfer properties,and relatively low costs.To further improve the performance of slurry reactors(i.e.,mixing and mass/heat transfer)and to satisfy industrial require-ments(e.g.,temperature control,reduction of back-mixing,and product separation),the process intensi-fication of slurry reactors is essential.This article starts by reviewing the latest advancements in the intensification of mixing and mass/heat transfer in these two types of reactors.It then summarizes process-intensification methods for mixing and separation that allow continuous production in these slurry reactors.Process-intensification technology that integrates directional flow in an ALR with simple solid-liquid separation in a hydrocyclone is recommended for its high efficiency and low costs.This arti-cle also systematically addresses vital considerations and challenges,including flow regime discrimina-tion,gas spargers,solid particle effects,and other concerns in slurry reactors.It introduces the progress of numerical simulation using computational fluid dynamics(CFD)for the rational design of slurry reactors and discusses difficulties in modeling.Finally,it presents conclusions and perspectives on the design of industrial slurry reactors.

关键词： Slurry reactors Pneumatic agitation Bubble column Airlift loop reactor Process intensification Solid particles

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CFD study on double-to single-loop flow pattern transition and its influence on macro mixing efficiency in fully baffled tank stirred by a Rushton turbine

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第5期27卷 993-1000页

作者： Quanhong Zhu Hang Xiao Aqiang Chen Shujun Geng qingshan huang Key Laboratory of Biofuels Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266101China Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian 116023China Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

For a fully baffled tank stirred by a Rushton turbine (RT), the flow pattern will change from double- to single-loop as the off bottom clearance (C) of the RT decreases from one third of the tank diameter. Such a flow pattern transition as well as its influence on the macro mixing efficiency was investigated via CFD simulation. The transient sliding mesh approach coupled with the standard k-s turbulence model could correctly and efficiently reproduce the reported critical C range where the flow pattern changes. Simulation results indicated that such a critical C range varied hardly with the impeller rotation speed but decreased significantly with increasing impeller diameter. Small RTs are preferable to generating the single-loop flow pattern. A mechanism of the flow pattern transition was further proposed to explain these phe no mena. The discharge stream from the RT deviates down wards from the horizontal direction for small C values;if it meets the tank wall first, the double-loop will form;if it hits the tank bottom first, the single-loop will form. With the flow pattern transition, the mixing time decreased by about 35% at the same power input (P), indicating that the single-loop flow pattern was more efficient than the double-loop to enhance the macro mixing in the tank. A comparison was further made between the single-loop RT and pitched blade turbine (PBT, 45°) from macro mixing perspective. The single-loop RT was found to be less efficient than the PBT and usually required 60% more time to achieve the same level of macro mixing at the same P.

关键词： Rushton turbine Flow pattern Transition Simulation Mechanism Mixing

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Design of Photobioreactors for Mass Cultivation of Photosynthetic Organisms

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Engineering 2017年第3期3卷 318-329页

作者： qingshan huang Fuhua Jiang Lianzhou Wang Chao Yang Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266101 China Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Nanomaterials Center School of Chemical Engineering and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of Queensland Queensland 4072 Australia

Photosynthetic microorganisms are important bioresources for producing desirable and environmentally benign products, and photobioreactors (PBRs) play important roles in these processes. Designing PBRs for photocatalysis is still challenging at present, and most reactors are designed and scaled up using semi-empirical approaches. No appropriate types of PBRs are available for mass cultivation due to the reactors’ high capital and operating costs and short lifespan, which are mainly due to a current lack of deep understanding of the coupling of light, hydrodynamics, mass transfer, and cell growth in efficient reactor design. This review provides a critical overview of the key parameters that influence the performance of the PBRs, including light, mixing, mass transfer, temperature, pH, and capital and operating costs. The lifespan and the costs of cleaning and temperature control are also emphasized for commercial exploitation. Four types of PBRs—tubular, plastic bag, column airlift, and flat-panel airlift reactors are recommended for large-scale operations. In addition, this paper elaborates the modeling of PBRs using the tools of computational fluid dynamics for rational design. It also analyzes the difficulties in the numerical simulation, and presents the prospect for mechanism-based models.

关键词： Photobioreactor Solar energy Photosynthesis Hydrodynamics Flashing-light effect

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Influences of top clearance and liquid throughput on the performances of an external loop airlift slurry reactor integrated mixing and separation

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第6期28卷 1514-1521页

作者： Hongyan Liu Zhuo Li Shujun Geng Fei Gao Taobo He qingshan huang School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of TechnologyTianjin 300130China Key Laboratory of Biofuels Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology(QIBEBT)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Qingdao 266101China Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy(DNL) Dalian 116023China Petrochemical Research Institute China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)Beijing 100083China

A new developed external loop airlift slurry reactor, which was integrated with gas–liquid–solid three-phase mixing, mass transfer, and liquid–solid separation simultaneously, was deemed to be a promising slurry reactor due to its prominent advantages such as achieving continuous separation of clear liquid from slurry and cyclic utilization of solid particles without any extra energy, energy-saving, and intrinsic safety design. The principal operating parameters, including gas separator volume, handling capacity, and superficial gas velocity, are systematically investigated here to promote the capabilities of mixing, mass transfer, and yield in the pilot external loop airlift slurry reactor. The influences of top clearance and throughput of the clear liquid on flow regime and gas holdup in the riser, liquid circulating velocity, and volumetric mass transfer coefficient with a typical high solid holdup and free of particles are examined experimentally. It was found that increasing the gas separator volume could promote the liquid circulating velocity by about 14.0% at most. Increasing the handling capacity of the clear liquid from 0.9 m3·h-1 to 3.0 m3·h-1 not only could increase the output without any adverse consequences, but also could enhance the liquid circulating velocity as much as 97.3%. Typical operating conditions investigated here can provide some necessary data and guidelines for this new external loop airlift slurry reactor to upgrade its performances.

关键词： External loop airlift reactor Mixing Separation Hydrocyclone Hydrodynamics Mass transfer

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美国大学图书馆原始材料教学支持服务研究

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图书馆建设 2024年第2期 102-109页

作者：朱伟丽韩宇黄晴珊中山大学图书馆

经过多年发展,美国大学图书馆原始材料教学支持服务已经相当成熟。美国肯塔基大学图书馆原始材料教学支持服务内容包括原始材料馆藏及其导航、原始材料嵌入式课程、学习实验室实习、国王图书馆印刷所学徒、教学空间与设施支持五大类,其... 详细信息

经过多年发展,美国大学图书馆原始材料教学支持服务已经相当成熟。美国肯塔基大学图书馆原始材料教学支持服务内容包括原始材料馆藏及其导航、原始材料嵌入式课程、学习实验室实习、国王图书馆印刷所学徒、教学空间与设施支持五大类,其服务具有打破学科限制,立足本地资源特色,融入体验式学习、同伴互助学习教学理念,进行效果评估与需求调查,强化数字化资源应用等特点。基于其成熟经验,我国大学图书馆开展原始材料教学支持服务时应将原始材料素养与可转移技能作为教学目标;着眼地方特色资源建设与利用;加强数字资源建设;提高馆员教学能力,开展教学评价等。

关键词：原始材料教学支持服务原始材料素养特藏服务肯塔基大学图书馆

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Advances in reactive co-precipitation technology for preparing high-performance cathodes

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Green Carbon 2023年第2期1卷 193-209页

作者： Zhenzhen Wang Li Yang Chunliu Xu Jingcai Cheng Junmei Zhao qingshan huang Chao Yang Key Laboratory of Biofuels Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology(QIBEBT)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)QingdaoShandong 266101China CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering Institute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Shandong Energy Institute Qingdao 266101ShandongChina Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory Qingdao 266101ShandongChina

Reactive crystallization plays an essential role in the synthesis of high-quality precursors with a narrow particle size distribution,dense packing,and high sphericity.These features are beneficial in the fabrication of high-specific-capacity and long-cycle-life cathodes for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries.However,in industrial production,designing and scaling-up crystallizers involves the use of semi-empirical approaches,making it challenging to satisfactorily meet techno-economic requirements.Furthermore,there is still a lack of in-depth knowledge on the theoretical models and technical calculations of the current co-precipitation process.This review elaborates on critical advances in the theoretical guidelines and process regulation strategies using a reactive crystallizer for the preparation of precursors by co-precipitation.The research progress on the kinetic models of co-precipitation reactive crystallization is presented.In addition,the regulation strategies for the reactive crystallization process of lithium-ion ternary cathodes are described in detail.These include the influence of different reactive crystallizer structures on the precursor's morphology and performance,the intelligent online measurement of efficient reactive crystallizers to ensure favorable conditions of co-precipitation,and preparing the precursor with a high tap density by increasing its solid holdup.A controllable reactive crystallization process is described in terms of the structural design with concentration gradient materials and bulk gradient doping of advantageous elements(such as magnesium ion)in lithium-ion cathodes and the fabrication of sodium-ion cathodes with three typical materials-Prussian blue analogues,transition metal oxides,and polyanionic phosphate compounds being involved.

关键词： Reactive crystallization Kinetic models Crystallizer Regulation strategy Cathode materials

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