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Analysis of Subcellular Localization and Pathogenicity of Plum Bark Necrosis Stem-Pitting Associated Virus Protein P6

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第7期92卷 2079-2085页

作者： Yuanyuan li Jinze Mu qingliang li Huabing liu Xuefeng Yuan Deya Wang College of life Sciences Zaozhuang UniversityZaozhuang Cherry Virus Disease Rapid Diagnosis and Green Control Technology Innovation CenterZaozhuang277160China College of Plant Protection Shandong Agricultural UniversityShandong Agricultural Microbiology Key LaboratoryTai’an271018China Yicheng Agricultural and Rural Comprehensive Service Center Zaozhuang277300China

Infection of plum bark necrosis stem pitting associated virus(PBNSPaV)has been reported in many Prunus species in several countries,causing significant economic *** very small proteins encoded by plant viruses are often overlooked due to their short sequences and uncertain ***,numerous studies have indicated that they might play important roles in the pathogenesis of virus *** role of small hydrophobic protein P6,encoded by the open reading frame 2 of PBNSPaV,has not been well *** this study,we amplified the P6 fragment from a PBNSPaV isolate by RT-PCR using specific primers and found that it is 174 bp long and encodes a protein of approximately 6.3 kD with a transmembrane *** localization analysis of P6 proteins in tobacco leaves showed that P6 localizes to the cytomembrane and nuclear *** further clarify the pathogenicity of P6 proteins,we constructed a PVX-P6 expression vector by inserting the p6 fragment into a potato virus X(PVX)-based vector and transformed it into Agrobacterium tumefaciens *** of Nicotiana benthamiana(***)with the PVX vector-transformed *** led to slight mosaic symptoms at 14 days of ***,infiltration with the PVX-P6 vector-transformed *** resulted in no significant *** results demonstrated that heterologous expression of P6 in *** could not enhance the pathogenicity of *** study indicates that P6 may not be a potential pathogenic factor associate with the causing of symptoms,and the mode of action of PBNSPaV-P6 protein remains to be further studied.

关键词： Plum bark necrosis stem-pitting associated virus P6 protein subcellular localization pathogenicity

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Unfolded protein response activation compensates endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation deficiency in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2017年第7期59卷 506-521页

作者： qingliang li Hai Wei lijing liu Xiaoyuan Yang Xiansheng Zhang Qi Xie State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics National Center for Plant Gene Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University

Abiotic stresses often disrupt protein folding and induce endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress. There is a sophisticated ER quality control （ERQC） system to mitigate the effects of malfunctioning proteins and maintain ER homeostasis. The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER activates the unfolded protein response （UPR） to enhance ER protein folding and the degradation of misfolded proteins mediate by ER- associated degradation （ERAD）. That ERQC reduces abiotic stress damage has been well studied in mammals and yeast. However, in plants, both ERAD and UPR have been studied separately and found to be critical for plant abiotic stress tolerance. In this study, we discovered that UPR-associated transcription factors AtbZlP17, AtbZIP28 and AtbZIP60 responded to tunicamycin （TM） and NaCl induced ER stress and subsequently enhanced Arabidopsis thaliana abiotic stress tolerance. They regulated the expression level of ER chaperones and the HRD1-complex components. Moreover, overexpression of AtbZIP17, AtbZIP28 and AtbZIP60 could restore stress tolerance via ERAD in the HRD1-complex mutant hrd3a-2, which suggested that UPR and ERAD have an interactive mechanism in Arabidopsts.

关键词： ZIP ERAD HRD in of UPR

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UBC32 Mediated Oxidative Tolerance in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2012年第8期39卷 415-417页

作者： Feng Cui lijing liu qingliang li Chengwei Yang Qi Xie State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics National Center for Plant Gene Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Guangdong Key Lab of Biotechnology for Plant Development College of Life Science South China Normal University Guangzhou 510631 China

Extreme environments such as salt stress often increase the reactive oxygen species （ROS） levels （Abogadallah, 2010; Miller et al., 2010）, which cause protein denaturation and damage （Kelsen et al., 2008）. In eukaryotic cells, the endo- plasmic reticulum （ER） lumen is highly oxidative environment, which help newly synthesized proteins form intermolecular or intramolecular disulfide bonds between their cysteine residues. However, the ROS must be regulated according to the folding load to protect the cell from the consequences of oxidative folding.

关键词： reactive oxygen species endoplasmic reticulum protein denaturation salt stress

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Optimized analysis of ionospheric amplitude modulated heating parameters for excitation of very/extremely low frequency radiations

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第7期21卷 106-113页

作者： Jutao YANG Jianguo WANG qingliang li Haiqin CHE Shuji HAO School of Electronic and Information Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049People’s Republic of China National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment China Research Institute of Radiowave PropagationQingdao 266107People’s Republic of China Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi’an 710024People’s Republic of China

It is now well known that amplitude modulated(AM) high frequency(HF) radio wave transmissions into the ionosphere can be used to generate very/extremely low frequency(VLF/ELF) radio waves using the so-called ‘electrojet antenna’. Duty cycle and heating frequency are analyzed and discussed with the lower-ionosphere modulated heating model, so as to improve the radiation efficiency of VLF/ELF waves in AM ionospheric heating experiments. Based on numerical simulation, the ranges of parametric selectivity in optimal duty cycle and heating frequency( fHF) are derived. The International Reference Ionosphere 2015(IRI-2015) model and two-parameter model are used to predict background electron density profiles, and optimized ranges of duty cycle for different density profiles are analyzed and compared. The influences of wave polarizations on optimal duty cycle are also discussed. It is shown that intensity of the VLF/ELF equivalent radiation source(M) firstly rises and then falls with the increase of duty cycle. When using the IRI model, M peaks at a duty cycle of 50%, optimally ranging from 40%-70%. For the two-parameter model case, an optimal duty cycle is 40% and the optimized ranges vary from 30%-60%. Heating with an X-mode polarization is more efficient than with the O-mode case in VLF/ELF wave generation. Nevertheless, an optimal duty cycle is almost independent of HF wave polarizations. To obtain better VLF/ELF generation, optional fHFmay be 0.8-0.9 times of foE for the O-mode heating and 0.75-0.85 times for the X-mode polarization case. Finally, the variations of these two parameters in different latitudes are discussed.

关键词： amplitude modulated heating parameter optimization duty cycle heating frequency

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The nature of electron density enhancement over a wide altitude range during ionosphere heating experiments at EISCAT

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第2期8卷 408-414页

作者： Jun Wu Jian Wu Jie Feng qingliang li ShuJi Hao ZhengWen Xu HaiSheng Zhao YaBin Zhang National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment China Research Institute of Radio Wave PropagationBeijing 102206China School of Physics Xidian UniversityXi’an 710071China

During the course of ionospheric heating experiments, researchers at the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) observed an apparent electron density enhancement. The enhancement extended over a wide range of altitudes, above the reflection altitude of the high-frequency pump wave. However, whether this enhancement actually corresponds to a true enhancement in electron density remains an open question. When the dispersion relation of ion acoustic waves is followed, the frequency ratio of the enhanced ion line to the background ion line suggests that the profile of the effective ion mass may have remained unchanged. Furthermore, the solar radio flux and ion drift velocity indicate no significant changes in the ion species and their densities. In conclusion, the electron density enhancement observed at EISCAT should not, in fact, be considered a true enhancement.

关键词： incoherent scatter radar(ISR) ionospheric heating electron density ion acoustic wave

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Deterioration of Antioxidant Competence in Barley Lesion Mimic Mutant 194

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2019年第2期88卷 109-117页

作者： Qunqun Hao Bo Lyu Yuhan Tang Deya Wang Yuanyuan li qingliang li Yuhai Wang Wenqiang Wang College of life Sciences Zaozhuang UniversityZaozhuang277000China State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of AgronomyShandong Agricultural UniversityTai’an271018China.

A barley mutant,194,was observed to exhibit a leaf spot phenotype over the whole course of its growing *** this study,the phenotype and antioxidant competence were studied in the lesion mimic mutant *** height was slightly higher in mutant 194 than in the wild type(WT).In addition,leaf spot per plant in mutant 194 was significantly higher than in *** competence,as indicated by reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation,antioxidant enzyme activity,and the expression of antioxidant enzyme-encoding genes was also assessed in mutant *** to the WT,mutant 194 displayed a relatively higher accumulation of ROS,accompanied by lower activities of some antioxidant enzymes and downregulation of antioxidant enzyme-encoding *** demonstrated reduced antioxidant competence in mutant *** results suggested that this lower antioxidant competence of mutant 194 could lead to the accumulation of excessive *** excess of ROS could induce programmed cell death and has the potential to promote disease resistance in mutant 194.

关键词： Lesion mimic mutant ROS accumulation antioxidant enzymes barley

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A Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm Based on Multipath Component Trajectory for Millimeter Wave Radio Channels

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China Communications 2022年第11期19卷 99-111页

作者： Fei Du Yu Zhang qingliang li Xinyue Zhang Bo Zhu Zihao Fu Suiyan Geng Xiongwen Zhao State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China Hebei Key Laboratory of Power Internet of Things Technology North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003HebeiChina National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment China Research Institute of Radiowave PropagationQingdao 266107China

Time-varying channel modeling plays an important role for many applications in time-variant scenarios,while most clustering algorithms focus on static channels and cannot accurately model the channel time-evolution *** this paper,a fuzzy clustering algorithm based on multipath component(MPC)trajectory is ***,both the distance and velocity similarities of the MPCs in different snapshots are taken into account to track the MPC trajectory,in which the fuzzy scheme and a kernel function are used to calculate the distance and velocity similarities,***,a fuzzy MPC trajectory clustering algorithm is proposed to cluster the MPCs in multiple *** MPCs in a snapshot are clustered according to the membership,which is defined as the probability that a MPC belongs to different ***,time-varying channels at 28 GHz are simulated to validate the performance of our proposed *** results show that our proposed algorithm is able to accurately identify the clusters in time-varying channels compared with the existing clustering algorithms.

关键词： channel modeling time-varying clustering multiple path component MPC trajectory 6G

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Non-Algorithmically Integrating Land Use Type with Spatial Interpolation of Surface Soil Nutrients in an Urbanizing Watershed

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Pedosphere 2017年第1期27卷 147-154页

作者： WU Qian li qingliang GAO Jinbo liN Qiaoying XU Qiufang Peter M.GROFFMAN YU Shen Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021 China Zhejiang A&F University Lin'an 311300 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook NY 12545(USA)

Integrating land use type and other geographic information within spatial interpolation has been proposed as a solution to improve the performance and accuracy of soil nutrient mapping at the regional scale. This study developed a non-algorithm approach, i.e., applying inverse distance weighting （IDW） and ordinary kriging （OK）, to individual land use types rather than to the whole watershed, to determine if this improved the performance in mapping soil total C （TC）, total N （TN）, and total P （TP） in a 200-km2 urbanizing watershed in Southeast China. Four land use types were identified by visual interpretation as forest land, agricultural land, green land, and urban land. One hundred and fifty soil samples （0-10 cm） were taken according to land use type and patch size. Results showed that the non-algorithm approach, interpolation based on individual land use types, substantially improved the performance of IDW and OK for mapping TC, TN, and TP in the watershed. Root mean square errors were reduced by 3.9% for TC, 10.770 for TN, and 25.9% for TP by the application of IDW, while the improvements by OK were slightly lower as 0.9% for TC, 7.7% for TN, and 18.1% for TP. Interpolations based on individual land use types visually improved depiction of spatial patterns for TC, TN, and TP in the watershed relative to interpolations by the whole watershed. Substantial improvements might be expected with denser sampling points. We suggest that this non-algorithm approach might provide an alternative to algorithm-based approaches to depict watershed-scale nutrient patterns.

关键词： geographic information system inverse distance weighting non-algorithm approach ordinary kriging spatial pattern

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Anthocyanin Profiles in Grape Berry Skins of Different Species ofWine Grapes in Shanxi,China

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2021年第2期90卷 553-570页

作者： Wei Tan Mingxiu Xu Siqi Xie Yan Zhang Shuai Wu Qinyan Zou Qifeng Zhao qingliang li College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering Zaozhuang UniversityZaozhuang277160China Pomology Institute Shanxi Academy of Agricultural ScienceTaiyuan030031China College of life Sciences Zaozhuang UniversityZaozhuang277160China

To understand the anthocyanin characteristics of wine grape varieties,the anthocyanin composition and content of 31 wine grape varieties were analyzed to explore the use of anthocyanins as chemical fingerprints to distinguish *** showed that a total of 21 anthocyanins were detected in the skins,including cyanidin,delphinidin,petunidin,peonidin and malvidin 3-monoglucosides(or 3,5-diglucosides)along with the corresponding acetyl and p-coumaroyl *** highest and lowest total amount of anthocyanins were detected in‘Ruby Cabernet’and‘Muscat Rouge’,*** the 21 Vitis vinifera grapes,there were 3~11 monoglucoside anthocyanins detected,however,there were 4 to 9 monoglucoside anthocyanins and 1~7 diglucoside anthocyanins detected in the 10 other species of *** for‘Zhesexiang’‘Seibel Noir’,‘44-6-7-1’and‘Beibinghong’,the contents of diglucoside anthocyanins in the other six varieties accounted for more than 52%of the total *** for‘Zhesexiang’,‘Muscat Rouge’and‘Beibinghong’,the content of methylated anthocyanins accounted for more than 75%of total *** were significant differences in the anthocyanin types and contents in the skins among *** and other *** results of the principal component analysis and the cluster classification of 31 grape varieties(lines)were nearly consistent,which suggested that anthocyanins can be used as chemical fingerprints to distinguish wine grape varieties.

关键词： Anthocyanin cluster analysis principal component analysis wine grape

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Heating frequency optimization for artificial feld-aligned scattering

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Plasma Science and Technology 2019年第9期21卷 52-57页

作者： libin LV Zhensen WU qingliang li Shuii HAO Jian DING Guanglin MA Jing CHEN School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Xidian University Xi'an 710071 People's Republic of China National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation Qingdao 266107 People's Republic of China

In this study, we present a simulation study of artificial field-aligned irregularities(AFAI) to calculate the scattering coefficient considering a Gaussian autocorrelation function for the wave number spectrum of the density fluctuation. By analyzing variations in the scattering coefficient under different ionospheric backgrounds, the optimal range of the heating frequency was found,which is about 0.9–1 times the critical frequency of the F2 layer. This is especially noticeable as when the heating frequency varies from 0.5 times to 0.9 times of the critical frequency, the scattering coefficient increases by 6.8–16.2 d B. These results should be useful for optimizing the heating frequency in the future artificial field-aligned scattering(AFAS) transmission applications at middle and low latitudes.

关键词： artificial field-aligned scattering artificial field-aligned irregularities scattering coefficient heating frequency

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