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响应曲面法优化木质素水热转化生产生物油

可再生能源 2023年第3期41卷 285-290页

作者：陈荣杰王龙洲李清海周会张衍国清华大学能源与动力工程系北京100084

文章进行了生物质中木质素的水热转化研究,采用响应面法研究了温度、反应时间和水固质量比等反应条件对生物油产量的影响。研究结果显示,木质素转化为生物油和生物油脱水缩合生成焦炭的两步竞争反应决定了最终的产油率。提高温度可以增... 详细信息

文章进行了生物质中木质素的水热转化研究,采用响应面法研究了温度、反应时间和水固质量比等反应条件对生物油产量的影响。研究结果显示,木质素转化为生物油和生物油脱水缩合生成焦炭的两步竞争反应决定了最终的产油率。提高温度可以增加活化分子的数量,促进水解反应朝正向进行。然而,过高的温度(>340℃)和较长的反应时间(>35 min)会加剧油相产物脱水和自由基缩合反应,导致生物油产率下降。生物油生产存在一个最佳的水固比,适宜的水量可以在提供足够溶解度的同时,不过度稀释中间产物,为油相产物的生成创造有利条件。RSM模型的方差分析结果表明,模型与实验结果符合性良好。通过模型预测和实验验证显示,当木质素在335.6℃保持32 min,水与木质素质量比为10.2∶1时,生物油产率最大,可达到20%。

关键词：水热液化木质素响应曲面法最优化

炉排-循环床复合垃圾焚烧炉水循环系统安全性分析

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清华大学学报（自然科学版） 2010年第7期50卷 1067-1071页

作者：李清海蒙爱红张衍国清华大学热科学与动力工程教育部重点实验室北京100084

清华大学开发的炉排-循环床垃圾焚烧炉,具有掺煤比低、污染排放低、结构紧凑等优点。由于结构紧凑,其水冷壁水循环回路布置也相对复杂,特别是采用水冷旋风分离器,其内热流密度小,很容易产生停滞、倒流问题,影响锅炉运行的安全。该文通... 详细信息

清华大学开发的炉排-循环床垃圾焚烧炉,具有掺煤比低、污染排放低、结构紧凑等优点。由于结构紧凑,其水冷壁水循环回路布置也相对复杂,特别是采用水冷旋风分离器,其内热流密度小,很容易产生停滞、倒流问题,影响锅炉运行的安全。该文通过计算表明:在受热弱的受热面内存在停滞和倒流的风险。而该炉型近5 a的运行表明没有因水循环事故而导致异常停机。尽管受热弱的受热面内有停滞和倒流的风险,但其辐射热流密度却非常低,因而水循环是安全的。

关键词：炉排-循环床水冷分离器水循环复杂回路

不同类型热泉环境条件对微生物群落分布的影响

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安全与环境工程 2024年第4期31卷 189-200页

作者：李煜王露霞郭清海中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院湖北武汉430078 中国地质大学(武汉)生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室湖北武汉430078

热泉环境的水化学条件与其他类型的水环境相比常差异显著,不同类型热泉的水化学条件也往往截然不同。开展不同热泉环境中微生物群落的分布规律及其影响因素的对比研究,有利于获取对热泉环境变化影响下微生物群落演替规律的系统认识,拓... 详细信息

热泉环境的水化学条件与其他类型的水环境相比常差异显著,不同类型热泉的水化学条件也往往截然不同。开展不同热泉环境中微生物群落的分布规律及其影响因素的对比研究,有利于获取对热泉环境变化影响下微生物群落演替规律的系统认识,拓展极端环境微生物的研究体系。在云南典型岩浆热源型地热区(腾冲热海)和非岩浆热源型地热区(龙陵)采集了16个热泉沉积物样品,采用高通量测序技术和统计学方法研究了微生物群落的多样性和环境影响因素,并讨论了随机性因素和确定性因素对群落组成的影响以及物种间的相互作用关系。研究结果表明:热海和龙陵热泉的微生物主要由Crenarchaeota、Thermotogota、Aquificota、Acetothermia等门类组成,两地的微生物群落结构和多样性存在差异,这些差异主要由温度、pH值以及特征水化学组分决定;li、Rb、Cs、B、As、Sb、Al、W、Sr等特征组分含量的差异是导致热海和龙陵热泉沉积物微生物出现物种差异的关键因素;热泉沉积物微生物群落变化则同时受到随机性因素的影响,物种间出现明显的生态位划分,且以正相互作用为主。上述研究结果揭示了岩浆流体输入导致的地热水化学条件对热泉微生物群落分布规律有极大的影响。

关键词：热泉微生物群落环境因子随机性与确定性过程网络分析岩浆流体输入

维普期刊数据库博看期刊

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平均受教育年限、城镇化率与生产率红利

中国特色社会主义研究 2021年第5期 57-65页

作者：李冬梅李庆海南京财经大学粮食经济研究院常州工程职业技术学院南京财经大学经济学院

在当前人口老龄化加速背景下,从"人口红利"向"生产率红利"的转变对一国经济发展尤为必要。文章基于1998—2019年度29个省份面板数据,采用面板门槛模型,分析了平均受教育年限、城镇化率对生产率的影响。研究发现:提高平均受教育年限可提... 详细信息

在当前人口老龄化加速背景下,从"人口红利"向"生产率红利"的转变对一国经济发展尤为必要。文章基于1998—2019年度29个省份面板数据,采用面板门槛模型,分析了平均受教育年限、城镇化率对生产率的影响。研究发现:提高平均受教育年限可提升人均GDP,从而实现生产率红利效应;而城镇化率对人均GDP的影响为非线性具有门槛效应,当平均受教育年限跨越9.59年和11.11年的门槛值时,城镇化率对人均GDP的促进作用是逐步提升的。基于不同地区结论的异质性,提出根据地区产业发展需求,进行拓展多元教育形式、完善城乡人口流动机制等相关政策。

关键词：平均受教育年限城镇化率生产率红利人力资本城镇化

Orbital pacing and secular evolution of lake-level changes reconstructed by sedimentary noise modeling during the Early Jurassic icehouses-(super)greenhouses

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 252-267页

作者： Meng li Xin li Stephen P.HESSELBO Mingjie li Wenjin liU Wei WU Jienan PAN Ruizhen GAO School of Resources and Environment Henan Polytechnic UniversityJiaozuo 454000China Camborne School of Mines and Environment and Sustainability Institute University of ExeterPenryn TR109FEUnited Kingdom qinghai No.105 Coal Geological Exploration Team Xining 810000China

Lake-level changes can significantly affect paleoenvironmental evolution,resource occurrence,terrestrial carbon budget,and biodiversity in continental *** is one of the most critical factors controlling lake-level *** of the Early Jurassic has been evidenced by oscillating icehouses to(super)greenhouses with interrupted intermittent extreme climatic events(hyperthermal and cooling),e.g.,the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event(~183 Ma)and the late Pliensbachian cooling event(~185 Ma).Lake-level evolution and hydrologic cycling on Earth’s surface during the Early Jurassic icehouses-to-(super)greenhouses are thus far poorly understood due to a lack of continuous high-resolution nonmarine *** we present a super-long nonmarine lake level record for this pivotal interval from the early Pliensbachian to Toarcian by sedimentary noise modeling,and construct a 16.7-Myr-long astronomical time scale(174.2 Ma to 190.9 Ma)based on cyclostratigraphy analysis of rock color datasets(CIE b*)of the Qaidam *** results document lake-level oscillations on a 5-to 10-million-year(Myr)scale which shows a pronounced correlation with long-term climate variation and extreme climatic events,and 1-to 2.5-Myr-scale lake-level changes that are prominently paced by the 2.4-Myr long-eccentricity forcing and the 1.2-Myr obliquity *** the Pliensbachian Stage,the 1.2-Myr-scale lake-level changes are in phase with the coeval sealevel *** forced growth and decay of the ephemeral or permanent ice sheets in polar regions are interpreted to control the synchronous ups-and-downs of continental lake level and global sea ***,during the Toarcian ice-free greenhouses to(super)greenhouses,the 1.2-Myr-scale lake-level variations show an anti-phase relationship with global sea level,indicating a‘seesaw’interaction between continental reservoirs(lakes and groundwater)and global *** 2.4-Myr longeccentricity cycles mainly regulate variation

关键词： Milankovitch cycles Orbital forcing Sedimentary noise model Lake level Continental basins

Roadmap for rechargeable batteries:present and beyond

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第1期67卷 13-42页

作者： Sen Xin Xu Zhang lin Wang Haijun Yu Xin Chang Yu-Ming Zhao qinghai Meng Pan Xu Chen-Zi Zhao Jiahang Chen Huichao Lu Xirui Kong Jiulin Wang Kai Chen Gang Huang Xinbo Zhang Yu Su Yao Xiao Shu-Lei Chou Shilin Zhang Zaiping Guo Aobing Du Guanglei Cui Gaojing Yang Qing Zhao liubing Dong Dong Zhou Feiyu Kang Hu Hong Chunyi Zhi Zhizhang Yuan Xianfeng li Yifei Mo Yizhou Zhu Dongfang Yu Xincheng Lei Jianxiong Zhao Jiayi Wang Dong Su Yu-Guo Guo Qiang Zhang Jun Chen li-Jun Wan CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular SciencesBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences(BNLMS)Institute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Beijing 100049 China Institute of Advanced Battery Materials and Devices Faculty of Materials and ManufacturingBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials Ministry of EducationBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources College of ChemistryXinjiang UniversityUrumqi 830046China Department of Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChangchun 130022China Institute for Carbon Neutralization College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou UniversityWenzhou 325035China School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials The University of AdelaideAdelaide 5000Australia Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266101China Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry(Ministry of Education)College of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China College of Chemistry and Materials Science Jinan UniversityGuangzhou 511443China Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Department of Materials Science and Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Division of Energy Storage Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy(DNL)Dalian Institute of Chem

Rechargeable batteries currently hold the largest share of the electrochemical energy storage market,and they play a major role in the sustainable energy transition and industrial decarbonization to respond to global climate *** to the increased popularity of consumer electronics and electric vehicles,lithium-ion batteries have quickly become the most successful rechargeable batteries in the past three decades,yet growing demands in diversified application scenarios call for new types of rechargeable *** efforts are made to developing the next-generation post-li-ion rechargeable batteries,which include,but are not limited to solid-state batteries,lithium–sulfur batteries,sodium-/potassium-ion batteries,organic batteries,magnesium-/zinc-ion batteries,aqueous batteries and flow *** the great achievements,challenges persist in precise understandings about the electrochemical reaction and charge transfer process,and optimal design of key materials and interfaces in a *** roadmap tends to provide an overview about the current research progress,key challenges and future prospects of various types of rechargeable *** computational methods for materials development,and characterization techniques will also be discussed as they play an important role in battery research.

关键词： energy storage rechargeable batteries battery materials electrochemistry

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相变储能复合材料相对导热系数研究

建筑材料学报 2014年第6期17卷 984-988,993页

作者：李清海周全郭红斌李东旭中国建筑材料科学研究总院北京100024 南京工业大学材料科学与工程学院江苏南京210009

为了科学评价相变储能复合材料在建筑工程中应用的节能效果,根据相变材料的性质,从能量的角度提出了相对导热系数的概念及其测试方法——能量补偿法.利用自行研发的测试装置,对绝热材料导热系数参比板、普通石膏板、膨胀珍珠岩复合板以... 详细信息

为了科学评价相变储能复合材料在建筑工程中应用的节能效果,根据相变材料的性质,从能量的角度提出了相对导热系数的概念及其测试方法——能量补偿法.利用自行研发的测试装置,对绝热材料导热系数参比板、普通石膏板、膨胀珍珠岩复合板以及相变石膏板进行了测试,并采用所述相对导热系数法来表征其导热性能.试验表明:所提方法不仅可测相变储能复合材料的相对导热系数,而且对普通保温材料也适用,能较好地实现相变储能复合材料的热工性能评价,为其在建筑节能工程中的应用提供技术支持.

关键词：相变材料评价导热系数节能

不同抗氧化剂对液态储存的鸡精液质量和受精能力的影响

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中国家禽 2022年第12期44卷 28-33页

作者：葛莹王欢欢张雷李庆海楼立峰章学东杭州市农业科学研究院浙江杭州310024

试验旨在研究添加不同种类、浓度抗氧化剂的精液稀释液对液态保存的鸡精液质量和受精能力的影响。试验以Lake's液为基础稀释液,分别加入0.5mmol/LN-乙酰半胱氨酸(T1组)、1mmol/LN-乙酰半胱氨酸(T2组)、0.5mmol/LL-半胱氨酸(T3组)、1mmol... 详细信息

试验旨在研究添加不同种类、浓度抗氧化剂的精液稀释液对液态保存的鸡精液质量和受精能力的影响。试验以Lake's液为基础稀释液,分别加入0.5mmol/LN-乙酰半胱氨酸(T1组)、1mmol/LN-乙酰半胱氨酸(T2组)、0.5mmol/LL-半胱氨酸(T3组)、1mmol/LL-半胱氨酸(T4组)、1ng/L硒+8ng/L维生素E(T5组),另设空白对照组(T6组),每组3个重复;然后采集公鸡精液,按1:2倍比分别将6组稀释液加入并混匀,5℃下冷藏保存0、4、12、24h后进行显微镜观察,并取保存4h后的精液进行人工授精和种蛋孵化。结果显示:精子活力随着储存时间的增加显著降低(P0.05)。研究表明,Lake's液中添加1ng/L硒+8ng/L维生素E有助于提高精子活力、保护精子质膜完整率并降低氧化应激反应,从而提高受精率和孵化率。

关键词：鸡精液稀释液抗氧化剂精液质量受精率孵化率

Resistance to salt stresses by aerobic granular sludge:sludge property and microbial community

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第8期18卷 107-116页

作者： Xiao Wu Hui li Meili Wang Tianying Zhang Jiawei li Yongdi liu Key Laboratory of Pollution Control Chemistry and Environmental Functional Materials for qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission School of Chemistry and EnvironmentSouthwest Minzu UniversityChengdu 610041China Institute for Environmental Pollution and Health School of Environmental and Chemical EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China School of life Sciences Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process School of Resources and Environmental EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China Institute of qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Southwest Minzu UniversityChengdu 610041China

Saline wastewater is regarded as a challenge for wastewater treatment plants because high-salinity conditions negatively affect on traditional biological *** granular sludge(AGS)has gained attention as a promising technology for saline wastewater treatment because of its compact structure and the ability to withstand toxic ***,this study investigated the saltresistance performance,sludge properties and microbial community of AGS under low-salinity and high-salinity conditions,with the saline concentrations ranging from 0 to 50 g/*** results showed that AGS could withstand long-term saline stresses,and the maximum salinity reached 50 g/L within 113 *** salinities of 10,30,and 50 g/L,the chemical oxygen demand(COD)removal efficiencies were 90.3%,88.0%and 78.0%,*** also its maintained strength and aggregation at salinities of 10 and 30 g/*** of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)by non-halophilic bacteria that enhanced sludge *** compact structure that ensured the microorganisms bioactivity helped to remove organic matters under salinities of 10 and 30 g/*** a salinity of 50 g/L,moderately halophilic bacteria,including Salinicola,Thioclava,Idiomarina and Albirhodobacter,prevailed in the *** dominant microbial communities shifted to moderately halophilic bacteria,which could maintain aerobic granular stabilization and remove organic matters under 50 g/L *** results in this study provide a further explanation for the long-term operation of AGS for treating saline wastewater at different *** is hoped that this work could bring some clues for the mystery of salt-resistance mechanisms.

关键词： Aerobic granular sludge Long-term saline stresses Performance Sludge property Microbial community