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Study on the Agricultural Fuel Consumption Subsidy Policy for Wheat Straw Low Stubble——Taking the Investigation of Wheat Combine Harvester as an Example in Xushui District of Hebei Province

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Agricultural Science & Technology 2017年第8期18卷 1536-1540,1562页

作者： Ying zhou qingbo zhou Shouwen GAN Leilei CHENG Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science Institute of Desertification Studies Chinese Academy of Forestry

With the improvement of agricultural mechanization equipment levels, the mechanized wheat harvesting level has been above 80% and the rate of wheat straw returned has increased significantly in the main wheat production of wheat of northern countryside in China. Chinese government popularized the beneficial agronomic measures in the process of wheat straw returned field by mechanization. The agronomic measure was reducing the wheat straw stubble height(WSSH) not more than 20 ***, local government didn't apply and disseminate the measure, because in practice the cost of fuel consumption was high, and the operation time of harvesting was longer than ever. The machinery operators and farmers needed to support extra fuel cost and time if they took government's advice. In fact, the objective subsidy policy of fuel cost on reducing WSSH was not been formulated by all levels of government. Therefore, the set of agronomic measure couldn't be popularized in main wheat production area of North China. Our research addressed to master the changing feature of fuel cost and mechanical efficiency,seeking suitable subsidy standard, providing some useful and constructive suggestions to improve subsidy policy of fuel consumption cost for national government department. The study carried out the tracking experiments of the operation efficiency and fuel costs of farm harvester in the situation of different WSSH in 2010 in Xushui District of Hebei Province. In conclusion, the operation time of harvesting decline and machinery fuel consumption cost increased along with the decreasing of WSSH. First for the older harvester, the operation efficiency would decline by 18.7% when the WSSH changed from 20 cm to 10 cm, the cost would increase 4.7%, exact cost was 152.2CNY per hectare. For the new harvester, the operation efficiency would decline by 39.9% when the WSSH changed from 20 cm to 15 cm, the cost would increase 4.6%, exact cost was 368.4CNY per hectare. We provided about 375 CNY

关键词： Wheat straw stubble'height (WSSILI) Fuei consumption cost Fuel consumption subsidies Policy suggestions

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Scenario-based assessment of future food security

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2011年第1期21卷 3-17页

作者： WU Wenbin TANG Huajun YANG Peng YOU Liangzhi zhou qingbo CHEN Zhongxin SHIBASAKI Ryosuke Key Laboratory of Resources Remote Sensing & Digital Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture Beijing 100081 China Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China Center for Spatial Information Science University of Tokyo Tokyo 153-8505 Japan International Food Policy Research Institute Washington DC 20006 USA

This paper presents a scenario-based assessment of global future food security. To do that,the socio-economic and climate change scenarios were defined for the future and were linked to an integrated modeling framework. The crop yields simulated by the GIS-based Environmental Policy Integrated Climate （EPIC） model and crop areas simulated by the crop choice decision model were combined to calculate the total food production and per capita food availability,which was used to represent the status of food availability and stability. The per capita Gross Domestic Product （GDP） simulated by IFPSIM model was used to reflect the situation of food accessibility and affordability. Based on these two indicators,the future food security status was assessed at a global scale over a period of approximately 20 years,starting from the year 2000. The results show that certain regions such as South Asia and most African countries will likely remain hotspots of food insecurity in the future as both the per capita food availability and the capacity of being able to import food will decrease between 2000 and 2020. Low food production associated with poverty is the determining factor to starvation in these regions,and more efforts are needed to combat hunger in terms of future actions. Other regions such as China,most Eastern European countries and most South American countries where there is an increase in per capita food availability or an increase in the capacity to import food between 2000 and 2020 might be able to improve their food security situation.

关键词： scenario food security per capita food availability per capita GDP model assessment

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Sodium Superionic Conductors(NASICONs)as Cathode Materials for Sodium‑Ion Batteries

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Electrochemical Energy Reviews 2021年第4期4卷 793-823页

作者： qingbo zhou Linlin Wang Wenyao Li Kangning Zhao Minmin Liu Qian Wu Yujie Yang Guanjie He Ivan P.Parkin Paul R.Shearing Dan J.L.Brett Jiujun Zhang Xueliang Sun Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Electrochemical Innovation Lab Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondon WC1E 7JEUK Laboratory of Advanced Separations(LAS) Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne(EPFL)1950 SionSwitzerland Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University of Western OntarioLondonON N6A 3K7Canada

Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have developed rapidly owing to the high natural abundance,wide distribution,and low cost of *** the various materials used in SIBs,sodium superion conductor(NASICON)-based electrode materials with remarkable structural stability and high ionic conductivity are one of the most promising candidates for sodium storage ***,the relatively low electronic conductivity of these materials makes them display poor electrochemical performance,significantly limiting their practical *** recent years,the strategies of enhancing the inherent conductivity of NASICON-based cathode materials have been extensively studied through coating the active material with a conductive carbon layer,reducing the size of the cathode material,combining the cathode material with various carbon materials,and doping elements in the bulk *** this paper,we review the recent progress in the development of NASICON-based cathode materials for SIBs in terms of their synthesis,characterization,functional mechanisms,and performance validation/*** advantages and disadvantages of such SIB cathode materials are analyzed,and the relationship between electrode structures and electrochemical performance as well as the strategies for enhancing their electrical conductivity and structural stability is *** technical challenges of NASICON-based cathode materials with respect to SIB performance are analyzed,and several future research directions are also proposed for overcoming the challenges toward practical applications.

关键词： Sodium-ion battery Cathode materials Energy storage Sodium superionic conductor(NASICON)

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Spatio-temporal responses of cropland phenophases to climate change in Northeast China

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2012年第1期22卷 29-45页

作者： LI Zhengguo TANG Huajun YANG Peng WU Wenbin CHEN Zhongxin zhou qingbo ZHANG Li ZOU Jinqiu Key Laboratory of Resources Remote Sensing ＆ Digital Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Agricultural Resources ＆ Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

We investigated the responses of cropland phenophases to changes of agricultural thermal conditions in Northeast China using the SPOT-VGT Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） ten-day-composed time-series data, observed crop phenophases and the climate data collected from 1990 to 2010. First, the phenological parameters, such as the dates of onset-of-growth, peak-of-growth and end-of-growth as well as the length of the growing season, were extracted from the smoothed NVDI time-series dataset and showed an obvious correlation with the observed crop phenophases, including the stages of seedling, heading, maturity and the length of the growth period. Secondly, the spatio-temporal trends of the major thermal conditions （the first date of ≥10℃, the first frost date, the length of the temperature-allowing growth period and the accumulated temperature （AT） of ≥10℃） in Northeast China were illustrated and analyzed over the past 20 years. Thirdly, we focused on the responses of cropland phenophases to the thermal conditions changes. The results showed that the onset-of-growth date had an obvious positive correlation with the first date of ≥10℃ （P 0.01）, especially in the northern part of the Songnen Plain, the eastern part of the Sanjiang Plain and the middle and eastern parts of Jilin Province. For the extracted length of growing season and the observed growth period, notable correlations were found in almost same regions （P 0.05）. However, there was no obvious correlation between the end-of-growth date and the first frost date in the study area. Opposite correlations were observed between the length of the growing season and the AT of ≥10℃. In the northern part of the Songnen Plain, the eastern part of the Sanjiang Plain and the middle part of Jilin and Liaoning Provinces, the positive correlation coefficients were higher than the critical value of 0.05, whereas the negative correlation coefficients reached a level of 0.55 （P 0.05） in the middle and southern parts

关键词： cropland phenophase SPOT/VGT NDVI time series climate change Northeast China

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基于G IS和模糊数学方法的多方案下农用土地多宜性评价

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农业工程学报 2005年第z1期21卷 183-187页

作者：于婧周勇周清波任意华中农业大学资源环境学院亚热带土壤资源与环境农业部重点实验室武汉430070 中国农业科学院资源区划研究所北京100081

在可持续发展理论的指导下,以湖北省潜江市后湖农场流塘分场为研究对象,运用地理信息系统(GIS)和模糊综合评价方法,建立了最大生产潜力和最高经济效益两种方案下的土地评价系统。系统中针对不同方案、不同作物分别确立不同的评价指标体... 详细信息

在可持续发展理论的指导下,以湖北省潜江市后湖农场流塘分场为研究对象,运用地理信息系统(GIS)和模糊综合评价方法,建立了最大生产潜力和最高经济效益两种方案下的土地评价系统。系统中针对不同方案、不同作物分别确立不同的评价指标体系及评价指标分级标准,采用标准化函数的方法对分级标准及评价指标值进行标准化,应用模糊综合评判法和GIS技术确定各评价单元的适宜性等级并绘制土地多宜性评价专题图。结果表明:流塘分场的大部分地区在两种方案下多宜性均较好,该结果符合当地实际,客观可行。

关键词：土地利用农用土地多宜性评价模糊综合评价地理信息系统

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基于光谱反射信息的作物单产估测模型研究进展

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农业工程学报 2008年第10期24卷 262-268页

作者：杨鹏吴文斌周清波查燕农业部资源遥感与数字农业重点开放实验室北京100081 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所北京100081 日本东京大学气候研究中心日本东京大学空间情报科学研究中心

及时准确地估测区域作物单产信息,对于粮食安全预警、粮食贸易流通,以及农业可持续发展都具有非常重要的意义。基于光谱反射信息的遥感技术,能够实时获取作物和土壤在不同时间和空间尺度下的分布信息,为区域作物单产估测研究提供了新的... 详细信息

及时准确地估测区域作物单产信息,对于粮食安全预警、粮食贸易流通,以及农业可持续发展都具有非常重要的意义。基于光谱反射信息的遥感技术,能够实时获取作物和土壤在不同时间和空间尺度下的分布信息,为区域作物单产估测研究提供了新的机遇和挑战。在简单介绍作物反射光谱特性和作物单产影响因素的基础上,分经验模型、半经验半机理模型和机理模型三部分,详细论述了基于光谱反射信息的作物单产遥感估测模型的国内外研究进展,并指出基于作物生长机理模型与多时相遥感信息同化技术的研究,应该是未来区域作物单产估测的重要发展方向之一。今后应该重点加强作物冠层关键参数(如叶面积指数、叶绿素浓度、作物吸收光合有效辐射系数、植被覆盖率等)的定量反演研究,同时加强多源遥感数据替代和整合技术研究,以及作物模型与遥感信息同化关键技术研究,以进一步改善单产估测精度和提高系统可运行性。

关键词：遥感作物单产光谱反射估产模型植被指数

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基于合成孔径雷达的农作物识别研究进展

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农业工程学报 2014年第16期30卷 203-212页

作者：王迪周清波陈仲新刘佳农业部农业信息技术重点实验室北京100081 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所北京100081

精准识别农作物对于及时准确估计农作物种植面积、产量等关键农情信息具有重要意义。合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)以其不受云雨天气影响,可全天时、全天候监测等优点已被广泛应用于农情遥感监测领域,为大区域尺度的农作... 详细信息

精准识别农作物对于及时准确估计农作物种植面积、产量等关键农情信息具有重要意义。合成孔径雷达(synthetic aperture radar,SAR)以其不受云雨天气影响,可全天时、全天候监测等优点已被广泛应用于农情遥感监测领域,为大区域尺度的农作物遥感识别提供了强有力的数据保障和技术支持。该文以雷达技术的发展进程为论述主线,对20余年来国内外农作物SAR识别研究与实践应用的新进展进行了系统总结,具体归纳为4个方面:早期研究(20世纪80年代末-2002年),特征是以单波段、单极化、多时相SAR数据为主;基于多极化、多波段SAR数据进行农作物识别与面积监测研究;利用SAR与光学遥感相结合提高农作物的识别精度与效率研究;农作物SAR分类算法研究。在今后农作物SAR识别研究中,对于复杂种植结构背景下的旱地作物识别,如何优化组合SAR系统工作参数(极化方式、频率及入射角等)及与光学遥感融合来提高农作物识别精度与时效性,发展机理性的农作物SAR分类算法将是需要重点解决的3个问题。

关键词：合成孔径雷达分类算法农作物识别多极化多波段

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芯片粘接空洞的超声检测工艺研究

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固体电子学研究与进展 2015年第3期35卷 300-305页

作者：周庆波王晓敏中国工程物理研究院计量测试中心四川绵阳621900

基于超声检测原理,提出一套针对芯片粘接空洞的超声检测工艺,并通过理论分析与试验结果进行检测工艺适用性的验证,为利用超声检测手段检测和评价芯片粘接质量提供保证。

关键词：超声检测粘接空洞回波信号 B模式扫描

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玉米种植面积空间抽样调查方案优化设计

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农业工程学报 2014年第8期30卷 117-125页

作者：王迪周清波陈仲新刘佳农业部农业信息技术重点实验室北京100081 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所北京100081

抽样比、样本空间布局及抽样单元尺度是组成空间抽样调查方案的基础要素。为进一步改善现行农作物种植面积空间抽样调查效率,该文以吉林省德惠市为研究区,以玉米种植面积为研究对象,选取正方形网格作为抽样单元,通过空间分析、"3S"技术... 详细信息

抽样比、样本空间布局及抽样单元尺度是组成空间抽样调查方案的基础要素。为进一步改善现行农作物种植面积空间抽样调查效率,该文以吉林省德惠市为研究区,以玉米种植面积为研究对象,选取正方形网格作为抽样单元,通过空间分析、"3S"技术与传统抽样方法相结合进行农作物种植面积空间抽样方案优化设计试验研究。结果表明,抽样单元间空间自相关性随单元尺度的增大而增大,两者间呈线性正相关关系。当抽样单元尺度为500 m×500 m时,抽样单元间空间自相关性几乎不存在。遵循传统抽样理论要求样本间相互独立原则,选取500 m×500 m作为最优抽样单元尺度;对抽样单元内玉米种植面积与耕地面积进行相关分析发现,两者间存在极显著线性正相关关系。为提高玉米种植面积空间分层抽样效率,可选取耕地面积作为分层标志;以抽样外推总体相对误差(r)和变异系数(coefficient of variation,CV)为空间抽样效率评价指标,在4种(简单随机、系统等距、分层随机及分层系统等距)样本空间布局方式中,选取分层系统等距抽样作为最优样本布局方式;在7种抽样比(0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%、3.0%、3.5%)设计水平中,选取1%作为最优抽样比。该文可为提高农作物面积空间抽样调查效率提供试验依据。

关键词：作物外推总体误差分析空间抽样玉米种植面积抽样单元尺度样本空间布局

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帕金森病合并骨质疏松的研究进展

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中华老年医学杂志 2021年第4期40卷 509-512页

作者：李晴周庆博山东大学齐鲁医学院济南250012 山东大学第二医院神经内科济南250012

帕金森病是慢性神经退行性疾病,患病年龄增加所致的骨量减少和疾病晚期的吞咽困难、胃肠蠕动减慢导致维生素D、钙摄入不足,使帕金森病患者更易合并骨质疏松。治疗帕金森病的药物亦可诱发甚至加重患者的骨质疏松,而骨质疏松又加重了帕金... 详细信息

帕金森病是慢性神经退行性疾病,患病年龄增加所致的骨量减少和疾病晚期的吞咽困难、胃肠蠕动减慢导致维生素D、钙摄入不足,使帕金森病患者更易合并骨质疏松。治疗帕金森病的药物亦可诱发甚至加重患者的骨质疏松,而骨质疏松又加重了帕金森病患者运动障碍,引起疼痛、骨折的发生。为此对帕金森病合并骨质疏松的危险因素、发病机制、预防及治疗方面进行综述。

关键词：帕金森病骨质疏松维生素D

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