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Potential for soil carbon sequestration under conservation agriculture in a warming climate

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Science Bulletin 2024年第13期69卷 2030-2033页

作者： Lijun Yu Wen Zhang Jingjing liu Wenjuan Sun qing Zhang State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Anyang Meteorological Service Anyang 455000China State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China

Agricultural soil has numerous links with climate *** comprises a substantial part of farming systems that are affected by climate change and can significantly impact food security[1].An increase in the soil carbon(C)stock is associated with an increase in the crop ***,agricultural soil remains a source for all three major greenhouse gases(GHGs),i.e.,carbon dioxide(CO_(2)),methane and nitrous oxide,which contributes directly to climate *** addition,enhancing soil C sequestration in agricultural land could offset GHG emissions,promote more sustainable and climate-resilient agricultural systems.

关键词： soil warming agricultural

Study of deep transportation and plugging performance of deformable gel particles in porous media

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 962-973页

作者： Wen-Jing Zhao Jing Wang Zhong-Yang Qi Hui-qing liu National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering China University of PetroleumBeijing102249China

Deformable gel particles(DGPs) possess the capability of deep profile control and flooding. However, the deep migration behavior and plugging mechanism along their path remain unclear. Breakage, an inevitable phenomenon during particle migration, significantly impacts the deep plugging effect. Due to the complexity of the process, few studies have been conducted on this subject. In this paper, we conducted DGP flow experiments using a physical model of a multi-point sandpack under various injection rates and particle sizes. Particle size and concentration tests were performed at each measurement point to investigate the transportation behavior of particles in the deep part of the reservoir. The residual resistance coefficient and concentration changes along the porous media were combined to analyze the plugging performance of DGPs. Furthermore, the particle breakage along their path was revealed by analyzing the changes in particle size along the way. A mathematical model of breakage and concentration changes along the path was established. The results showed that the passage after breakage is a significant migration behavior of particles in porous media. The particles were reduced to less than half of their initial size at the front of the porous media. Breakage is an essential reason for the continuous decreases in particle concentration, size, and residual resistance coefficient. However, the particles can remain in porous media after breakage and play a significant role in deep plugging. Higher injection rates or larger particle sizes resulted in faster breakage along the injection direction, higher degrees of breakage, and faster decreases in residual resistance coefficient along the path. These conditions also led to a weaker deep plugging ability. Smaller particles were more evenly retained along the path, but more particles flowed out of the porous media, resulting in a poor deep plugging effect. The particle size is a function of particle size before inject

关键词： Physical simulation Deformable gel particle Breakage Particle size Residual resistance coefficient

One-step controlled electrodeposition nickel sulfides heterointerfaces favoring the desorption of hydroxyl groups for efficient hydrogen generation

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Rare Metals 2024年第9期43卷 4377-4386页

作者： Ru-Chun Li Xin-Yue Zhang Ze-Yue Qu Feng-Yi liu Quan-qing Xu Zhao-xia Hu Jing-Wei Li Mohamed-Nawfal Ghazzal Jin-Li Yu Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yunnan Normal University Foshan Gaoke Hechuang Technology Co. Ltd. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangzhou University Universite′Paris-Saclay UMR 8000 CNRSInstitut de Chimie Physique Department of Chemistry City University of Hong Kong

The heterointerface engineering involving different components or phases represents a desirable strategy for enhancing the sluggish kinetics of hydrogen evolution reaction （HER）.However,constructing desired heterointerfaces and elucidating the reaction mechanisms on the interface remains a considerable *** this work,we propose a straightforward electrochemical synthesis strategy to prepare the nickel sulfide-based heterointerfaces for *** mechanism of electrochemical synthesis is revealed,wherein metal-thiourea species can be formed at the cathode potential and subsequently oxidized to nickel sulfides at the anode *** this mechanism,a range of nickel sulfides,including NiS,Ni3S2/NiS,Ni/Ni3S2and Ni3S2,have been successfully synthesized by tuning the potential range of cyclic *** these,the obtained Ni3S2/NiS@CC（CC:carbon cloth） exhibits the smallest overpotential of84 mV at 10 mA·cm-2and high *** calculations further reveal that the combination of NiS and Ni3S2induces electron redistribution at the interface,and thus the Volmer process is effectively promoted with faster water dissociation and OH desorption ***,the simplicity method coupled with a clear synthesis mechanism and outstanding HER performance highlights its promising potential for practical applications.

关键词： Electrochemical synthesis Heterointerfaces Hydrogen evolution reaction OH desorption kinetics

Stepping forward:T-cell redirecting bispecific antibodies in cancer therapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第6期14卷 2361-2377页

作者： xiaojing Qin Wenjing Ning Han liu Xue liu Wenxin Luo Ningshao xia State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases Xiang An Biomedicine LaboratorySchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular DiagnosticsNational Innovation Platform for IndustryeEducation Integration in Vaccine Researchthe Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China

T cell-redirecting bispecific antibodies are specifically designed to bind to tumor-associated antigens,thereby engaging with CD3 on the T cell *** linkage between tumor cells and T cells actively triggers T cell activation and initiates targeted killing of the identified tumor *** antibodies have emerged as one of the most promising avenues within tumor ***,despite success in treating hematological malignancies,significant advancements in solid tumors have yet to be *** this review,we aim to address the critical challenges associated with T cellredirecting bispecific antibodies and explore novel strategies to overcome these obstacles,with the ultimate goal of expanding the application of this therapy to include solid tumors.

关键词： Bispecific antibody(BsAbs) T-cell redirecting BsAbs Tumor-associated antigens Toxicity Cytokine release syndrome Tumor microenvironment Cancer immunotherapy Combination therapy strategies

Nanoscopic tribological characteristics of a cryogenically cycled Zr-based metallic glass

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第6期67卷 113-126页

作者： Qian Jia Qiaosheng xia qing Zhou Yucheng Wang Yue Ren Yu Meng Haifeng Wang Feng Zhou State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal MaterialsNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Surface Engineering and Remanufacturing Xi’an UniversityXi’an 710065China State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication Lanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Optimized macroscopic tribological behavior can be anticipated in metallic glasses(MGs)by cryogenic cycling treatment(CCT),which is attributed to enhanced ***,the intrinsic friction mechanisms of MGs induced by cryogenic rejuvenation are still poorly *** the present study,nanoscopic wear tests were conducted on the Zr-based MGs surface with different CCT cycles using atomic force microscopy(AFM).After CCT treatment with 100 cycles,the MG displays the highest adhesion and ploughing frictions,but significantly improved anti-wear *** tests and molecular dynamics simulations disclose that the increased adhesion is attributed to the dominance of liquid-like regions in the CCT-treated MGs,and the impact of reduced hardness and weak elastic recovery results in the deteriorated ploughing *** enhanced plasticity effectively dissipates the strain from the AFM tip through multiple shear bands and weakens the adhesion during deformation,giving rise to excellent wear *** study elucidates the promoting effect of CCT on the outstanding antiwear performance of MGs,and is helpful for the development of novel alloys.

关键词： metallic glasses cryogenic cycling treatment nanoscope wear friction mechanism

A Neural-network-based Alternative Scheme to Include Nonhydrostatic Processes in an Atmospheric Dynamical Core

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1083-1099,I0002,I0003页

作者： Yang xia Bin WANG Lijuan LI Li liu Jianghao LI Li DONG Shiming XU Yiyuan LI Wenwen xia Wenyu HUANG Juanjuan liu Yong WANG Hongbo liu Ye PU Yujun HE Kun xia Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling and Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Innovation Group 311020008 Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong LaboratoryZhuhai 519000China Shanghai Ecological Forecasting and Remote Sensing Center Shanghai 200030China Key Laboratory of Earth System Modeling and Prediction China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China College of Ocean Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Here,a nonhydrostatic alternative scheme(NAS)is proposed for the grey zone where the nonhydrostatic impact on the atmosphere is evident but not large enough to justify the necessity to include an implicit nonhydrostatic solver in an atmospheric dynamical *** NAS is designed to replace this solver,which can be incorporated into any hydrostatic models so that existing well-developed hydrostatic models can effectively serve for a longer *** advances in machine learning(ML)provide a potential tool for capturing the main complicated nonlinear-nonhydrostatic *** this study,an ML approach called a neural network(NN)was adopted to select leading input features and develop the *** NNs were trained and evaluated with 12-day simulation results of dry baroclinic-wave tests by the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)*** forward time difference of the nonhydrostatic tendency was used as the target variable,and the five selected features were the nonhydrostatic tendency at the last time step,and four hydrostatic variables at the current step including geopotential height,pressure in two different forms,and potential temperature,***,a practical NAS was developed with these features and trained layer by layer at a 20-km horizontal resolution,which can accurately reproduce the temporal variation and vertical distribution of the nonhydrostatic *** by the NN-based NAS,the improved hydrostatic solver at different horizontal resolutions can run stably for at least one month and effectively reduce most of the nonhydrostatic errors in terms of system bias,anomaly root-mean-square error,and the error of the wave spatial pattern,which proves the feasibility and superiority of this scheme.

关键词： neural network nonhydrostatic alternative scheme atmospheric model dynamical core

Significantly Enhanced Energy Storage Performances of PEI-based Composites Utilizing Surface Functionalized ZrO_(2) Nanoparticles for High-Temperature Application

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第3期42卷 322-332,I0006页

作者： qing-qing liu Qiu-Hao Lin xiao-Dong Qi Nan Zhang Ting Huang Jing-Hui Yang Yong Wang School of Chemistry Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials Ministry of Education of ChinaSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China

Polymer dielectrics with a high energy density and an available energy storage capacity have been playing an important role in advanced electronics and power systems. Nevertheless, the use of polymer dielectrics in harsh environments is limited by their low energy density at high temperatures. Herein, zirconium dioxide(ZrO_(2)) nanoparticles were decorated with amino group utilizing 4,4-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate)(AMEO) and successfully incorporated into polyetherimide(PEI) matrix. The dielectric properties, breakdown strength, and energy storage performances of PEI/ZrO_(2)-AMEO nanocomposites were investigated from 25 ℃ to 150 ℃. It is found that the combination of moderate bandgap ZrO_(2) with modest dielectric constant and polar groups at interface with deep trap can offer an available strategy to simultaneously increase the dielectric constant and breakdown strength of polymer dielectrics. As a result, the composites containing ZrO_(2)-AMEO exhibit excellent energy storage performance at elevated temperatures. Specially, the PEI-based composites with 3 vol% ZrO_(2)-AMEO display a maximum discharged energy density(U_(d)) of 3.1 J/cm^(3) at 150 ℃, presenting 90% higher than that of neat PEI. This study may help to better develop the polymer-based dielectric composite applied at elevated temperatures.

关键词： Polyetherimide High temperature dielectric ZrO_(2) Interface

Corrugated Graphene Paper Reinforced Silicone Resin Composite for Efficient Interface Thermal Management

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第7期42卷 1002-1014,I0010页

作者： Bo-Wen Wang Heng Zhang qing-xia He Hui-Tao Yu Meng-Meng Qin Wei Feng Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringTianjin UniversityTianjin300350China International Engineering Institute Tianjin UniversityTianjin300350China

With the rapid development of high-power-density electronic devices,interface thermal resistance has become a critical barrier for effective heat management in high-performance electronic ***,there is an urgent demand for advanced thermal interface materials(TIMs)with high cross-plane thermal conductivity and excellent compressibility to withstand increasingly complex operating *** achieve this aim,a promising strategy involves vertically arranging highly thermoconductive graphene on ***,with the currently available methods,achieving a balance between low interfacial thermal resistance,bidirectional high thermal conductivity,and large-scale production is ***,we prepared a graphene framework with continuous filler structures in in-plane and cross-plane directions by bonding corrugated graphene to planar graphene *** interface interaction between the graphene paper framework and polymer matrix was enhanced via surface functionalization to reduce the interface thermal *** resulting three-dimensional thermal framework endows the polymer composite material with a cross-plane thermal conductivity of 14.4 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)and in-plane thermal conductivity of 130W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)when the thermal filler loading is 10.1 wt%,with a thermal conductivity enhancement per 1 wt%filler loading of 831%,outperforming various graphene structures as *** its high thermal conductivity,low contact thermal resistance,and low compressive modulus,the developed highly thermoconductive composite material demonstrates superior performance in TIM testing compared with TFLEX-700,an advanced commercial TIM,effectively solving the interfacial heat transfer issues in electronic *** novel filler structure framework also provides a solution for achieving a balance between efficient thermal management and ease of processing.

关键词： Graphene paper Vertically aligned structure Cross-plane thermal conductivity Low compressive modulus Thermal interface material

Construction of multifunctional lanthanum manganese mixed nanoparticles mediated by ionic liquids for selective aerobic oxidation of cyclohexane

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Rare Metals 2024年第5期43卷 2205-2221页

作者： Hao Li Rui-Rui Zhang Ke-Xin Li Shuang Wei Yu-Mei liu Rui-xia liu Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex SystemsInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Selective oxidation of alkanes to produce highvalue chemicals is an essential strategy and means to realize efficient utilization of *** this work,a strategy of lanthanum manganese mixed metal oxides(LMMO)regulated via a facile ionic liquid(IL)-assisted hydrothermal method was proposed to construct the multifunctional catalysts,which exhibited excellent catalytic performance in the selective aerobic oxidation of *** 8.9%cyclohexane conversion with 90%KA oi(cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone)selectivity was achieved over the optimal LMMO catalyst under mild *** effects of anion type,carbon chain length and concentration of ILs on the structure and properties of catalysts were investigated through various characterizations,indicating the structure-directing and template effect of ILs on the multifunctional *** formation of self-assembled spherical nanoparticles followed the"dissolution-nucleation-proliferation"mechanism with the introduction of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate,ascribing the synergistic effect between the microenvironment of ILs and the hydrothermal ***,the high reactive oxygen concentration redox capacity,and suitable basic sites of LMMO catalysts mediated by ILs enhance the activation of C-H bonds and molecular oxygen,simultaneously influencing the adsorption and desorption of the substrate.A comprehensive understanding of the high KA oil selectivity and radical reaction mechanism was elucidated based on in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS)and radical trapping *** recycling and regeneration experiments further illuminated that the removal of adsorbed cyclohexanone acting on the LMMO catalyst was the key to achieve high KA oil selectivity.

关键词： Ionic liquids Nanoparticle Multifunctional catalyst Cyclohexane oxidation