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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2019年第4期39卷 582-586页

作者： Zeng Chuang Bai Xuejing qin heping Wang Hong Rong Xiaofeng Yan Jin Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated TCM and Western Medicine First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Yunyang HospitalChongqing404500China

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of electroacupuncture as an adjuvant treatment with first-line medications on bone metabolism biomarkers and interleukin-17(IL-17) in the peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).METHODS: Sixty RA patients were randomized into three groups. The control group was treated with methotrexate plus leflunomide(MTX + LEF),the acupuncture group was treated with simple needling plus MTX + LEF, and the patients in the electroacupuncture(EA) group were treated with EA plus MTX + LEF. EA or acupuncture was applied every other day for a total of 10 times over a treatment period of 8 ***: In all three treatment groups, serum levels of the bone metabolism markers PICP, N-MID,and B-ALP were elevated and the concentrations of the inflammatory markers β-CTx, IL-17, CRP, and TRACP-5b were reduced after treatment. These differences were significant for the EA group but not the other groups(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION: EA could effectively reduce the suffering and improve the quality of life of RA patients. It is a promising adjuvant therapy for enhancing the effectiveness of clinical therapeutics.

关键词： Electroacupuncture Rheumatoid arthritis Bones Metabolism Biomarkers Interleukin-17

Understanding the Origin,Founding and Characteristics of Ethnic Regional Autonomy

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Thoughts on Ethnic Regional Autonomy and China’ s Frontier Governance

民族学刊 2015年第5期 101-104页

作者： qin heping Southwest Nationalities Research Academy Southwest University for NationalitiesChengdu610041SichuanChina

This article tries to understand the origin,establishment and characteristics of China’s ethnic regional autonomy,and states that the insist-ence and improvement of the ethnic regional auton-omous system can enable healthy ethnic relations, consolidate unity, preserve the unification, and reach a common prosperity.“Ethnic Regional Autonomy” was proposed on September 17 ,1949 , accepted by Premier Zhou Enlai,and was included in the draft document of gongtong gangling ( The Common Program ) on September 18-19 . It was approved by representa-tives of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) on September 27. Then“ethnic regional autonomy” was determined as one of the political systems of the People’s Republic of China. Why did the leaders of the Chinese Commu-nist Party and the representatives of CPPCC choose to implement ethnic regional autonomy? This is strongly related to the historical background and environmental factors. Firstly,the implementation of regional autonomy was an inheritance of the way former dynasties governed some parts of ethnic re-gions. Secondly,ethnic regional autonomy reflected the CCP’s philosophy in governing ethnic minority areas. Thirdly, regional autonomy was the require-ment of the representatives of minorities,especially of the representatives from the frontier areas. Fifth-ly,regional autonomy promoted the peaceful libera-tion of Tibet and its acceptance of the central government’s administration. The realistic value of this system was significant. From therequirement that “areas with a high concentration of ethnic minorities should implement ethnic regional autonomy”, we can draw two con-clusions:1 ) Ethnic regional autonomy refers to the autonomy of a certain region within the territory of China. This means that the People’s Republic of China is a whole and cannot be separated;2 ) Con-cerning regional autonomy,a region is on the local level,and must accept the leadership of the upper level administration. Regional

关键词： ethnics autonomy proposed establishment characteristics insistence and per-fection

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民族学刊 2014年第3期5卷 118-119页

作者： qin heping Southwest Nationalities Research Academy Southwest University for Nationalities Chengdu Sichuan 610041 China

Frontier governance has a histori-cal origin .Before the Opium War , the qing gov-ernment mostly determined territorial borders with neighboring countries using border lines drawn ac-cording to traditional custom .Since modern times, under the situation of being surrounded by powerful enemies together with frequent invasions , it was imperative for the qing government to reform tradi-tional governance .At the end of the 19th century, the qing government successively established prov-inces ( xingsheng,行省) in Taiwan, the northwest and northeast regions; and in Kaiguan, Yadong, Tibet, they established a port ( bu, 埠).In the early of 20th century, the “New Policy”, such as gaitu guiliu ( *** replacement of native offi-cials with imperial ones ) and the establishment of provinces , was carried out in the frontier regions of Sichuan ( current Ganzi prefecture in Sichuan and Changdu in Tibet ) by Zhao Erfeng , in Tibet by Li-anyu , the minister of Tibet , and in the Outer Mongolia ( Uliastai ) by Sanduo , the minister in Kulun. 　　However , while these measures were still be-ing implemented , the 1911 revolution erupted sud-denly .Although the new government of the Repub-lic of China formulated relevant laws , and the gov-ernmental leaders also stressed the unity of the country , the control of frontiers from the Beiyang Government and the national government was somewhat weak .This was due to the influences of the circumstances , the weakness of the system , the unstable social situation , and the weakness of gov-ernmental power .So , it was not the time to talk a-bout governance .At the instigation or incitement of other countries , some frontier regions either an-nounced their “independence” ( for instance , Out-er Mongolia ) , or were incorporated into another country .The territory of the country was gradually being reduced , and the crisis in the frontier areas became more and more serious .It was not until the establishment of the People ’ s Republic of

关键词：区域自治治理中国民族传统习俗政府改革 19世纪末鸦片战争

Artificial Bear Bile:A Novel Approach to Balancing Medical Requirements and Animal Welfare

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Engineering 2024年第7期38卷 100-112页

作者： Yong Li Yuhong Huang Nan Feng heping Zhang Jing Qu Shuanggang Ma Yunbao Liu Jiang Li Shaofeng Xu Ling Wang Mi Zhang Jie Cai Weiping Wang Ru Feng Hang Yu Bo Yu Dailiang Liang heping qin Suxiang Luo Yanfen Li Meifeng Li Ruihua Wang Chen Ma Yan Wang Xiaobo Cen Xiaoxian Xu Boli Zhang Xiaoliang Wang Shishan Yu State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100050China The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 300250China Zhongshan Belling Biotechnology Co. Ltd.Zhongshan 528437China Zhongshan Anshi Biopharmaceutical Co. Ltd.Zhongshan 528437China WestChina-Frontier Pharma Tech Co. Ltd.Chengdu 610041China Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 301617China

Bear bile has been a valuable and effective medicinal material in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)for over 13 ***,the current practice of obtaining it through bear farming is under scrutiny for its adverse impact on bear ***,we present a new approach for creating artificial bear bile(ABB)as a high-quality and sustainable alternative to natural bear *** study addresses the scientific challenges of creating bear bile alternatives through interdisciplinary collaborations across various fields,including resources,chemistry,biology,medicine,pharmacology,and TCM.A comprehensive efficacy assessment system that bridges the gap between TCM and modern medical terminology has been established,allowing for the systematic screening of therapeutic *** the utilization of chemical synthesis and enzyme engineering technologies,our research has achieved the environmentally friendly,large-scale production of bear bile therapeutic compounds,as well as the optimization and recomposition of ABB *** resulting ABB not only closely resembles natural bear bile in its composition but also offers advantages such as consistent product quality,availability of raw materials,and independence from threatened or wild *** preclinical efficacy evaluations have demonstrated the equivalence of the therapeutic effects from ABB and those from commercially available drained bear bile(DBB).Furthermore,preclinical toxicological assessment and phase I clinical trials show that the safety of ABB is on par with that of the currently used *** innovative strategy can serve as a new research paradigm for developing alternatives for other endangered TCMs,thereby strengthening the integrity and sustainability of TCM.

关键词： Artificial bear bile Chemical profile Formula optimization Pharmacodynamic consistency Preclinical toxicological assessment

20世纪初清政府对西藏察隅等地查勘及建制简述

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中国边疆史地研究 2009年第1期19卷 35-51页

作者：秦和平西南民族大学民族研究院研究员 610041

程凤翔、段鹏瑞及夏瑚等官员对西藏察隅等地的全面勘察及积极经营并非一次孤立的事件,是清政府改变统治理念,更换统治方式,由"间接"到"直接",健全及加强对边疆民族地区的治理、防御侵略的组成部分;是实践现代国家建制、有效经营版图的... 详细信息

程凤翔、段鹏瑞及夏瑚等官员对西藏察隅等地的全面勘察及积极经营并非一次孤立的事件,是清政府改变统治理念,更换统治方式,由"间接"到"直接",健全及加强对边疆民族地区的治理、防御侵略的组成部分;是实践现代国家建制、有效经营版图的客观要求。他们的全面勘察及积极建设,保障并延伸了清政府在察隅等地的统治。

关键词：清政府西藏察隅查勘

毛泽东民族思想的理论创新与实践——基于《毛泽东年谱(1949-1976)》

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民族学刊 2023年第9期14卷 106-116,164页

作者：秦和平西南民族大学西南民族研究院四川成都610041

《毛泽东年谱(1949-1976)》记载了毛泽东民族思想理论创新与实践。首先,拒绝“民族自决”,实行民族区域自治,迅速实现国家统一和领土完整。其次,提出“民主改革”,废除了少数民族的旧制度,通过“民主建政”建设及完善民族区域自治,“经... 详细信息

《毛泽东年谱(1949-1976)》记载了毛泽东民族思想理论创新与实践。首先,拒绝“民族自决”,实行民族区域自治,迅速实现国家统一和领土完整。其次,提出“民主改革”,废除了少数民族的旧制度,通过“民主建政”建设及完善民族区域自治,“经过各族人民几年来的努力,我国少数民族地区绝大部分都已基本上完成了民主改革和社会主义改造”,共同进入社会主义。最后,中华各民族团结互助,“我们的方针是团结进步,更加发展”,不论大的民族,还是小的民族都要团结,中华各民族大团结,相互了解信任,汉族帮助少数民族,少数民族也可以帮助汉族,相互帮助,“各少数民族得到发展和进步,是整个国家的利益”,团结互助,合作进步。因此,“国家的统一,人民的团结,国内各民族的团结,这是我们事业必定要胜利的基本保障”,也是毛主席民族工作的光辉思想和成功实践。

关键词：毛泽东民族思想民族区域自治民主改革团结互助西藏

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邓小平四川藏区民主改革思想与实践

民族学刊 2019年第6期10卷 52-60,125-126页

作者：秦和平西南民族大学西南民族研究院

民主改革是20世纪中后期中国共产党采取协商方式,领导部分边疆民族地区上层人士及劳动人民,开展以废除奴隶制或农奴制、消除剥削压迫、土地改革为中心的社会改造。建国初期,邓小平等依据民主主义的任务,结合民族地区实际,提出采取协商... 详细信息

民主改革是20世纪中后期中国共产党采取协商方式,领导部分边疆民族地区上层人士及劳动人民,开展以废除奴隶制或农奴制、消除剥削压迫、土地改革为中心的社会改造。建国初期,邓小平等依据民主主义的任务,结合民族地区实际,提出采取协商方式、实行宽大措施开展土改的构想。再经总结,提升为民主改革(和平协商土地改革、直接过渡),载之宪法,成为共产党的"既定方针",改造部分民族旧社会形态。即使采取协商方式开展改革,也有可能遭到反对。针对叛乱,邓小平确定"政治争取为主与军事打击结合"的方针,组织群众,平息叛乱,保障改革、坚决改革。在改革上,邓小平及时作出指示,引导改革顺利开展,确定"发动群众、上层协商"的改革方针。"发动群众"表明改革依靠群众;"上层协商"反映用"赎买"施以改革,从而形成有中国特色的社会改造方式。文章通过对为什么要改革、怎样改革、依靠谁改革,以及如何对待叛乱的分析,阐述了邓小平对民主改革的认识,也是邓小平解决部分民族地区社会形态的理论成果。

关键词：邓小平民主改革四川藏区制度改变

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清末川藏地区建设电报通讯之研究

中国边疆史地研究 2018年第2期28卷 142-153,216页

作者：秦和平西南民族大学民族研究院

建设电报通讯是清政府有效统治川藏地区、应对侵略的重要措施,也是宣示及维护主权的行为。文章较全面地分析了清末川藏地区电报通讯的由来及延展状况,并结合邮政,从电报线路的选择说明邮电建设与清政府加强对藏区统治是同步的。西藏地... 详细信息

建设电报通讯是清政府有效统治川藏地区、应对侵略的重要措施,也是宣示及维护主权的行为。文章较全面地分析了清末川藏地区电报通讯的由来及延展状况,并结合邮政,从电报线路的选择说明邮电建设与清政府加强对藏区统治是同步的。西藏地区建设电报通讯,不仅涉及到利权,更是中国政府行使主权的反映。通过对清末三个涉藏条约的分析,发现西藏地区架线通讯是清朝与英国"斗"出来的结果,是挽救对西藏地区的主权。清政府之所以不急于联线川藏而先建设拉萨至江孜电线,目的在于早日赎回英人架设的电线,取消英人已攫取的特权。川藏地区电报通讯说明,近现代通讯在边疆地区是因兵事而起,因兵事而延展。川藏地区电报只能采取官办官营而非官督商办或官商合办,这是清末发展边疆地区电讯业的一个重要特点。

关键词：清末川藏地区电报通讯加强统治维护主权