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Solving the subset sum problem by the quantum Ising model with variational quantum optimization based on conditional values at risk

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年

作者： qilin zheng Miaomiao Yu Pingyu Zhu Yan Wang Weihong Luo Ping Xu Institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and Technology National University of Defense Technology Hefei National Laboratory

The subset sum problem is a combinatorial optimization problem, and its complexity belongs to the nondeterministic polynomial time complete(NP-Complete) class. This problem is widely used in encryption, planning or scheduling, and integer partitions.An accurate search algorithm with polynomial time complexity has not been found, which makes it challenging to be solved on classical computers. To effectively solve this problem, we translate it into the quantum Ising model and solve it with a variational quantum optimization method based on conditional values at risk. The proposed model needs only n qubits to encode 2ndimensional search space, which can effectively save the encoding quantum resources. The model inherits the advantages of variational quantum algorithms and can obtain good performance at shallow circuit depths while being robust to noise, and it is convenient to be deployed in the Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum era. We investigate the effects of the scalability, the variational ansatz type, the variational depth, and noise on the model. Moreover, we also discuss the performance of the model under different conditional values at risk. Through computer simulation, the scale can reach more than nine qubits. By selecting the noise type,we construct simulators with different QVs and study the performance of the model with them. In addition, we deploy the model on a superconducting quantum computer of the Origin Quantum Technology Company and successfully solve the subset sum problem. This model provides a new perspective for solving the subset sum problem.

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Quantum algorithm and experimental demonstration for the subset sum problem

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2022年第8期65卷 261-274页

作者： qilin zheng Pingyu ZHU Shichuan XUE Yang WANG Chao WU Xinyao YU Miaomiao YU Yingwen LIU Mingtang DENG Junjie WU Ping XU Institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense Technology

To solve the subset sum problem, a well-known nondeterministic polynomial-time complete problem that is widely used in encryption and resource scheduling, we propose a feasible quantum algorithm that utilizes fewer qubits to encode and achieves quadratic speedup. Specifically, this algorithm combines an amplitude amplification algorithm with quantum phase estimation, and requires n + t + 1 qubits and O(2(0.5+o(1))n) operations to obtain the solution, where n is the number of elements, and t is the number of qubits used to store the eigenvalues. To verify the performance of the algorithm, we simulate the algorithm with the online quantum simulator of IBM named ibmq simulator using Qiskit and then run it on two IBM quantum computers called ibmq santiago and ibmq bogota. The experimental results indicate that compared with the brute force algorithm, the proposed algorithm results in quadratic acceleration for the problem of a set S with four elements and two subsets whose sum equals target w. Using the iterator twice, we obtain success probabilities of 0.940 ± 0.004, 0.751 ± 0.040, and 0.665 ± 0.060 on the simulator, ibmq santiago, and ibmq bogota, respectively, and the fidelity between the theoretical and experimental quantum states is calculated to be 0.944 ± 0.002, 0.753 ± 0.017, and 0.657 ± 0.028, respectively. If the error rates of the experimental quantum logic gates can be reduced, the success probabilities of the proposed algorithm on real quantum devices can be further improved.

关键词： quantum algorithm subset sum quadratic speedup encryption algorithm complexity

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Boosting the dimensionality of frequency entanglement using a reconfigurable microring resonator

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2023年第5期66卷 79-88页

作者： Chao Wu qilin zheng Yingwen Liu Yang Wang Jiangfang Ding Pingyu Zhu Shichuan Xue Miaomiao Yu Weihong Luo Kaikai Zhang Anqi Huang Mingtang Deng Junjie Wu Ping Xu Institute for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of High Performance ComputingCollege of Computer Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of PhysicsNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Integrated quantum frequency combs(QFCs)based on microring resonators supplies as an essential resource for expanding the Hilbert-space dimensionality for high-dimensional quantum computing and information processing.In this work,we propose and demonstrate a reconfigurable ring resonator with tunable quality factors to efficiently increase the dimensionality of frequency entanglement,simultaneously,ensuring a high on-chip pair generation rate(PGR)and coincidence-to-accidental ratio(CAR).Our method exploits the asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer instead of the traditional straight waveguide as the coupler of resonators which offer a tunable external coupling coefficient to modulate the quality factor to enlarge the QFCs’bandwidth and thus increase the dimensionality of frequency entanglement.We measured the QFCs’joint spectral intensity of 28 frequency pairs under various quality factors ranging from 16.6×10^(4) to 3.4×10^(4).Meanwhile,the measured Schmidt number increased from 11.01 to 24.77,denoting a huge expansion of the Hilbert-space dimensionality from 121 to a record number of 613 dimensions,which agrees well with our theoretical calculations.In addition,the PGR and CAR-another two key parameters for high-quality QFCs-were all measured under different quality factors to verify that our method can significantly increase the Schmidt number and CAR while maintaining a high PGR.In fact,bright QFCs with a total PGR of 4.3 MHz under a 0.48 mW pump power and a mean CAR of 1578 were simultaneously obtained at the highest Schmidt number.This method is widely applicable to other material-based ring resonators and can act as a general solution for high-dimensional QFCs.

关键词： reconfigurable resonator quantum frequency comb Hilbert-space dimensionality

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Experimental demonstration of quantum transport enhancement using time-reversal symmetry breaking on a silicon photonic chip

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2022年第10期65卷 2-9页

作者： Yang Wang Xinyao Yu Shichuan Xue Yizhi Wang Junwei Zhan Chao Wu Pingyu Zhu qilin zheng Miaomiao Yu Yingwen Liu Xiaogang Qiang Junjie Wu Xuejun Yang Ping Xu Institute for Quantum Information&State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology Academy of Military SciencesBeijing 100071China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

The continuous-time quantum walk is a basic model for studying quantum transport and developing quantum-enhanced algorithms. Recent studies show that by introducing a phase into the standard continuous-time quantum walk model, the time-reversal symmetry can be broken without changing the Hermitian property of the Hamiltonian. The time-reversal symmetry breaking quantum walk shows advantages in quantum transport, such as perfect state transfer, directional control, transport speedup, and quantum transport efficiency enhancement. In this work, we implement the time-reversal symmetry breaking quantum walks on a reconfigurable silicon photonic chip and demonstrate the enhancement introduced by breaking time-reversal symmetry. Perfect state transfer on a three-site ring, a quantum switch implemented on a six-site graph, and transport speedup using a linear chain of triangles are demonstrated with high fidelity. Time-reversal asymmetry has also been used in a simplified light-harvesting model,implying the potential of time-reversal symmetry breaking in photosynthesis investigations.

关键词： quantum walk time-reversal asymmetry quantum transport

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On-chip ultrasensitive and rapid hydrogen sensing based on plasmon-induced hot electron-molecule interaction

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第4期12卷 625-635页

作者： Long Wen Zhiwei Sun qilin zheng Xianghong Nan Zaizhu Lou Zhong Liu David R.S.Cumming Baojun Li Qin Chen Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation Institute of NanophotonicsJinan University511443 GuangzhouChina College of Life Science and Technology Jinan University510632 GuangzhouChina School of Engineering University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUK

Hydrogen energy is a zero-carbon replacement for fossil fuels.However,hydrogen is highly flammable and explosive hence timely sensitive leak detection is crucial.Existing optical sensing techniques rely on complex instruments,while electrical sensing techniques usually operate at high temperatures and biasing condition.In this paper an on-chip plasmonic-catalytic hydrogen sensing concept with a concentration detection limit down to 1 ppm is presented that is based on a metal-insulator-semiconductor(MIS)nanojunction operating at room temperature and zero bias.The sensing signal of the device was enhanced by three orders of magnitude at a one-order of magnitude higher response speed compared to alternative non-plasmonic devices.The excellent performance is attributed to the hydrogen induced interfacial dipole charge layer and the associated plasmonic hot electron modulated photoelectric response.Excellent agreements were achieved between experiment and theoretical calculations based on a quantum tunneling model.Such an on-chip combination of plasmonic optics,photoelectric detection and photocatalysis offers promising strategies for next-generation optical gas sensors that require high sensitivity,low time delay,low cost,high portability and flexibility.

关键词： hydrogen interaction hence

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基于多元数据特征的低压配电网线户关系识别

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南方电网技术 2024年第5期18卷 124-134页

作者：郑雅文李巍易启淋刘亦朋周歧林白浩广东电网有限责任公司广州供电局广州510620 南方电网科学研究院广州510663

针对单调化、规模化的量测数据导致低压配电网线户关系难以高效识别和准确校核的问题,提出了一种基于多元数据特征的低压配电网线户关系识别方法。首先,分析了停电设备的关联关系,并针对智能电表采样异常提出了基于模糊C均值算法、阈值... 详细信息

针对单调化、规模化的量测数据导致低压配电网线户关系难以高效识别和准确校核的问题,提出了一种基于多元数据特征的低压配电网线户关系识别方法。首先,分析了停电设备的关联关系,并针对智能电表采样异常提出了基于模糊C均值算法、阈值划分与Neville插值的异常数据预处理方法;其次,提出了基于停电关联关系及Hausdroff距离的智能电表聚类方法;再次,以基尔霍夫电流定律为基础建立了面向线户关系识别的二次规划模型,转化后利用求解器实现有效求解;最后,通过实际算例验证了所提线户关系识别方法的有效性与优越性。

关键词：低压配电网线户关系多元数据特征

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融合VR-眼动的施工现场隐患识别视觉注意与搜索特征研究

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安全与环境学报 2024年第3期24卷 1087-1095页

作者：郑霞忠石博元陈云胡其林三峡大学水电工程施工与管理湖北省重点实验室湖北宜昌443002 三峡大学水利与环境学院湖北宜昌443002 湖北省水电工程智能视觉监测重点实验室(三峡大学) 湖北宜昌443002 中国水利水电第五工程局有限公司成都610066

为探究施工现场隐患识别视觉注意与搜索特征,提升识别绩效水平,融合虚拟现实(Virtual Reality,VR)和眼动追踪技术,开展VR施工场景内的隐患识别试验,收集不同隐患识别经验群体的眼动数据;运用统计学方法,对比分析累计注视时间、注视百分... 详细信息

为探究施工现场隐患识别视觉注意与搜索特征,提升识别绩效水平,融合虚拟现实(Virtual Reality,VR)和眼动追踪技术,开展VR施工场景内的隐患识别试验,收集不同隐患识别经验群体的眼动数据;运用统计学方法,对比分析累计注视时间、注视百分比等眼动指标的差异性,揭示隐患识别经验与注意力资源分配方式的内在联系;基于眼动轨迹匹配法,聚类首次视觉搜索轨迹,结合施工现场空间布局,探究隐患识别经验影响下搜索习惯的差异。结果表明:经验知识水平对隐患识别绩效具备驱动作用,但隐患专业度过低则会弱化经验知识的效果;被试的注意资源大多集中于具有视觉显著性特征的无关要素,仅有小部分分配于隐患,然而,具有较高经验知识水平的被试对隐患信息更加敏感,分配于隐患的注意资源占比更高;相较于新手组同一区域多次重复的搜索习惯,专家组大多采用某一区域的详细搜索再切换到下一区域的方式。

关键词：安全社会工程隐患识别虚拟现实(VR) 眼动试验识别特征

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调控钠位点占比设计高性能P2型钠电正极材料

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硅酸盐学报 2024年第6期52卷 2016-2023页

作者：韩嘉俊温敏郑其林袁伟伟陈康廖俊杰姚胡蓉福建师范大学物理与能源学院福建省先进高场超导材料与工程协同创新中心

在众多Na离子电池正极材料中，P2型层状氧化物因其优异的动力学性能受到研究者们的广泛关注。在P2型层状氧化物材料中，Na离子有2种不同的位点，即Nae和Na_f。由于配位环境的差异，Na离子在不同位点间的迁移行为不同。本工作提出通过调... 详细信息

在众多Na离子电池正极材料中，P2型层状氧化物因其优异的动力学性能受到研究者们的广泛关注。在P2型层状氧化物材料中，Na离子有2种不同的位点，即Nae和Na_f。由于配位环境的差异，Na离子在不同位点间的迁移行为不同。本工作提出通过调控材料中Na含量的策略实现了对同一过渡金属组分材料的/Na_f位点占位比的优化。研究发现，与Na0.45Ni0.1Mn0.9O2和Na0.65Ni0.1Mn0.9O2相比，具有更高Nae/Na_f位点占比值的Na0.55Ni0.1Mn0.9O2材料表现出最为优异的电化学性能，其电化学曲线平滑，在0.2 C (1 C=173 m A·g-1)的倍率下容量高达174.5 m A·h·g-1，在3 C，循环200次容量保持率高达92.95%,10 C的高倍率下仍能发挥83.6 mA·h·g-1的容量，该策略为设计高性能P2型钠电正极材料打开了新的思路。

关键词： Na离子电池 P2型层状正极材料 Na位点

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On-chip multiphoton Greenberger-Horne Zeilinger state based on integrated frequency combs

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Frontiers of physics 2020年第6期15卷 33-41页

作者： Pingyu Zhu qilin zheng Shichuan Xue Chao Wu Xinyao Yu Yang Wang Yingwen Liu Xiaogang Qiang Junjie Wu Ping Xu Institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of ComputerNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China National Innovation Institute of Defense Technology AMSBeijing 100071China National Laboratory of Solid State Micro structures and School of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

One of the most important multipartite entangled states,Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state(GHZ),serves as a fundamental resource for quantum foundat ion test,quantum communication and quantum computation.To increase the number of entangled particles,significant experimental efforts should been invested due to the complexity of optical setup and the difficulty in maintaining the coherence condition for high-fidelity GHZ state.Here,we propose an ultra-integrated scalable on-chip GHZ state generation scheme based on frequency combs.By designing several microrings pumped by different lasers,multiple partially overlapped quantum frequency combs are generated to supply as the basis for on-chip polarization-encoded GHZ state with each qubit occupying a certain spectral mode.Both even and odd numbers of GHZ states can be engineered with constant small number of integrated components and easily scaled up on the same chip by only adjusting one of the pumnp wavelengths.In addition,we give the on-chip design of projection measurement for characterizing GHZ states and show the reconfigurability of the state.Our proposal is rather simple and feasible within the existing fabrication technologies and we believe it will boost the development of multiphoton technologies.

关键词： quantum information Greenberger-Horne Zeilinger state frequency comb

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海相页岩芳烃演化规律及成熟度指示意义——来自西加拿大盆地二白斑组自然演化与热模拟样品的对比研究

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石油实验地质 2024年第3期46卷 590-600页

作者：葛祝时左兆喜肖七林郑伦举黄海平长江大学资源与环境学院武汉430100 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所江苏无锡214126 中国地质大学(北京)能源学院北京100083

选取西加拿大盆地白垩系科罗拉多群二白斑组低成熟海相页岩进行地层孔隙热解生烃模拟实验,利用GC-MS对自然演化系列样品和热模拟系列样品内的芳烃进行了定量分析,系统对比自然演化与热模拟样品芳烃地球化学特征。结果表明:(1)自然系列... 详细信息

选取西加拿大盆地白垩系科罗拉多群二白斑组低成熟海相页岩进行地层孔隙热解生烃模拟实验,利用GC-MS对自然演化系列样品和热模拟系列样品内的芳烃进行了定量分析,系统对比自然演化与热模拟样品芳烃地球化学特征。结果表明:(1)自然系列页岩三甲基萘和四甲基萘、菲和甲基菲绝对含量相对较高,且随着演化程度的增加而增加;热模拟系列页岩内菲和甲基菲绝对含量和变化趋势在较高的热演化程度下依然保持与自然系列相同,而三甲基萘和四甲基萘绝对含量相对较低且变化趋势不同,随成熟度增加表现为先增加后减少。(2)自然系列页岩三甲基萘指数(TMNR)值随埋深增加逐渐增大,而热模拟系列页岩TMNR值表现为先减小后增大;自然系列和热模拟系列页岩四甲基萘指数(TeMNR)值、甲基菲指数(MPI)值变化具有协同性,TeMNR值随成熟度的增加呈先减小后增大,MPI值随成熟度的增加而增加,表明菲系列化合物可有效指示热模拟和自然演化条件下页岩的成熟度。(3)热模拟实验在一定温度内能够较好地反演芳烃热演化历程,即:350℃之前热模拟页岩TMNR值与自然演化页岩的规律不同,350℃之后相同;425℃之前烷基菲相关参数与自然演化页岩的规律相同,超过425℃后与自然演化不同,这主要受温度达到临界值而导致芳烃演化机理改变以及升温速率和有机质赋存状态等因素的影响。

关键词：芳烃演化成熟度热模拟海相页岩白垩系西加拿大盆地

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