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Muscle architecture of the forelimb of the Golden Pheasant(Chrysolophus pictus)(Aves: Phasianidae)and its implications for functional capacity in flight

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Chinese Birds 2015年第1期6卷 6-13页

作者： yan yang huan Wang Zihui Zhang College of Life Sciences Capital Normal University

Background: Flight is the central avian adaptation in evolution. Wing muscles form an important anatomical basis for avian flight, affecting wing performance and determine modes of flight. However, the roles of distal muscles in adjusting the wing, as well as their functional specializations, remain largely unknown. The importance of muscle fiber architecture has long been recognized. In this study, we provide quantitative anatomical data on the muscle architecture of the forelimb of the Golden Pheasant(Chrysolophus pictus), with an emphasis on brachial,antebrachial and manual ***: The forelimbs of five Golden Pheasants were dissected and detailed measurements of all muscles were made, including muscle mass, muscle belly length, fascicle length. From these values, muscle volume, physiological cross-sectional area(PCSA) and maximum isometric force were ***: General trends such as the distribution of muscle mass, fascicle length and the ratio of tendon length/belly length are revealed. Comparing PCSAs between antebrachial depressors and elevators and between intrinsics of the alular digit and major digit yielded significant differences(p < 0.05). Pronounced development of the antebrachial depressors suggests that ventral rotation of the distal half of the wing is a pivotal factor in shape change and orientation modulation. Large PCSAs in tandem with the force generation capability of the major digit intrinsics may help stabilize the digits while enhancing support of the primary feathers. The architectural properties of the alular digit confirm that alular adjustment is essential to rapid adduction and ***: These observations illustrate the underlying structural basis for the functional capacities of the distal forelimb muscles and may provide additional information useful in further biomechanical and in vivo investigations.

关键词： Architecture Functional anatomy Golden Pheasant Wing muscles

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Performance Evaluation of Public Bus Transportation by Using DEA Models and Shannon’s Entropy:An Example From a Company in a Large City of China

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2021年第4期8卷 779-795页

作者： Zicheng Liu Naiqi Wu yan qiao Zhiwu Li Institute of Systems Engineering and the Collaborative Laboratory for Intelligent Science and Systems Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacaoChina Institute of Systems Engineering and the Collaborative Laboratory for Intelligent Science and Systems Macao University of Science and Technologyand also with the State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and EquipmentGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China

The purpose of this paper is to assess the operational efficiency of a public bus transportation via a case study from a company in a large city of China by using data envelopment analysis(DEA)model and Shannon’s *** company operates 37 main routes on the backbone ***,it plays a significant role in public transportation in the *** to bus industry norms,an efficiency evaluation index system is constructed from the perspective of both company operations and passenger *** passenger satisfaction,passenger waiting time and passenger-crowding degree are considered,and they are undesirable *** describe such indicators,a superefficient DEA model is *** this model,by using actual data,efficiency is evaluated for each bus *** show that the DEA model with Shannon’s entropy being combined achieves more reasonable ***,sensitivity analysis is ***,the results are meaningful for the company to improve its operations and management.

关键词： Performance evaluation public transportation system Shannon’s entropy super-efficiency data envelopment analysis undesirable outputs

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Novel bake hardening mechanism for bainite-strengthened complex phase steel

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2023年第12期143卷 117-128页

作者： Hang Yu Yu yan Cheng Zhang Lijie qiao Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Corrosion and Protection Center University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

In the automobile industry,stamping and paint baking processes are used to strengthen components,and this not only saves costs,but also further reduces the bodyweight of *** this work,the bake hardening mechanism of the complex phase(CP)steel CP980 was explored by comparing it with that of DP1180,which has a clear bake hardening mechanism and a carbon content similar to that of *** analyzing the bake hardening response and the microstructural changes of the two steels,we found that the bake hardening process of CP980 was divided into three *** the first two stages,the carbon atoms diffused into dislocations to form Cottrell atmosphere pinning dislocations,and excess car-bon atoms formed carbon clusters or low-temperature carbide pinning dislocations that were similar to *** the third stage,the dislocation acted as rapid channels for carbon diffusion,and fine cementite gradually formed when the carbon clusters gathered at the dislocations as precursors,resulting in pre-cipitation *** novel bake-hardening(BH)mechanism is crucial for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the strain-baking behavior of advanced high-strength steals(AHSS).

关键词： Age hardening Bainitic steel Carbon diffusion Cementite Mechanical property Automotive weight reduction

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Design and In Situ Additive Manufacturing of Multifunctional Structures

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Engineering 2023年第9期28卷 58-68页

作者： yan Zhang Guangyu Zhang Jing qiao Longqiu Li State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

Multifunctional structures(MFSs)integrate diverse functions to achieve superior ***,conventional design and manufacturing methods—which generally lack quality control and largely depend on complex equipment with multiple stations to achieve the integration of distinct materials and devices—are unable to satisfy the requirements of MFS applications in emerging industries such as aerospace *** by the concept of design for manufacturing,we adopt a layer regulation method with an established optimization model to design typical MFSs with load-bearing,electric,heat-conduction,and radiation-shielding functions.A high-temperature in situ additive manufacturing(AM)technology is developed to print various metallic wires or carbon fiber-reinforced high-meltingpoint polyetheretherketone(PEEK)*** is found that the MFS,despite its low mass,exceeds the stiffness of the PEEK substrate by 21.5%.The embedded electrics remain functional after the elastic deformation *** with those of the PEEK substrate,the equivalent thermal conductivity of the MFS beneath the central heat source area is enhanced by 568.0%,and the radiation shielding is improved by 27.9%.Moreover,a satellite prototype with diverse MFSs is rapidly constructed as an *** work provides a systematic approach for high-performance design and advanced manufacturing,which exhibits considerable prospects for both the function expansion and performance enhancement of industrial equipment.

关键词： Additive manufacturing Multifunctional structure Optimal design Satellite Polyetheretherketone

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On the construction of odd-variable boolean functions with optimal algebraic immunity

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2013年第3期20卷 73-77页

作者： ZHANG Jie WEN qiao-yan School of Science Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

Algebraic immunity is an important cryptographic property of Boolean functions. In this paper, odd-variable balanced Boolean functions with optimal algebraic immunity are obtained by m-sequence and consequently, we get bases with special constructions of vector space. Furthermore, through swapping some vectors of these two bases, we establish all kinds of odd-variable balanced Boolean functions with optimal algebraic immunity.

关键词： algebraic immunity Boolean functions algebraic attacks annihilators

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Generalized spatial representation for digital modulation and its potential application

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第12期59卷 47-58页

作者： Hao huan Pengfei SHI Xiaodong yan Ran TAO School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Key Lab for Spacecraft TT&C and Communication under the Ministry of Education Chongqing 400044China

Constellation mapping has provided a great convenience to measure the performance of digital signal modulation in Euclid space. However, traditional in-phase and quadrature(IQ) plane is difficult to express the frequency modulation scheme such as minimum shift keying(MSK) and the time domain modulation such as cyclic code shift keying(CCSK). How to represent the digital signal modulation visually through constellation mapping is an attractive problem. To address this issue, in this paper, the combined frequency and phase modulation are utilized to define a new kind of constellation mapping, where the phase and frequency are quantized to the same elements. The uniform geometric construction for combined phase and frequency modulation is redefined in the 3D cylindrical coordinate system based on frequency(f), in-phase component(I) and quadrature component(Q). In the new coordinates, the quadrature frequency-phase shift keying(QFPSK) is produced by the QPSK with dimensional rotation matrix and denoted by the reduced dual quaternion. Furthermore, the spatial extension from QFPSK to chirp cyclic shift keying(Chirp CSK) is analyzed with bandwidth efficiency and energy efficiency. At last, the QFPSK is combined with the 2D OFDM, yielding the image OFDM *** results verify the effectiveness of QFPSK in the proposed system with the time-varying wireless channel and frequency selective fading channel respectively.

关键词： quadrature frequency-phase shift keying (QFPSK) chirp cyclic shift keying spatial constellation mapping image OFDM system wireless communication

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Graphene-induced enhanced anticorrosion performance of waterborne epoxy resin coating

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2020年第2期14卷 211-220页

作者： huan-yan XU Dan LU Xu HAN School of Materials Science and Engineering Harbin University of Science and TechnologyHarbin 150040China

In this work,waterborne epoxy resin E44 and graphene were employed as the matrix and nanofiller,respectively,to construct composite coatings with enhanced anticorrosion *** pattern and TEM observation indicated that the obtained graphene had a stacked structure of few-layer graphitic sheets with numbers of *** observations revealed that no defects or microcracks existed on the surface of graphene/epoxy coatings and the internal micropores and microcracks were filled by *** spectra displayed that all the characteristic absorption peaks were attributed to the epoxy resin cured with *** Tafel polarization curves showed that,as the graphene addition amount increased,the corrosive potential increased and the corrosive current *** results proved that the addition of graphene into epoxy coatings could not only increase the impedance arc in Nyquist plots,but also increase the impedance modulus at low ***,the enhanced anticorrosion mechanism was proposed and discussed.

关键词： graphene waterborne epoxy anticorrosion electrochemical property

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Establishment of mixed plantations of Pinus sylvestris *** and Populus×xiaozhuanica may not be appropriate:evidence from litter decomposition

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2019年第5期12卷 857-870页

作者： huan-huan Song Tao yan De-Hui Zeng CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China Daqinggou Ecological Station Institute of Applied EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Aims Mongolian pine(Pinus sylvestris ***)and Xiaozhuan poplar(Populus×xiaozhuanica)are two predominant afforestation tree species in the semi-arid sandy lands of northeast china,which are characterized by poor soil *** litter decomposition plays a critical role in regulating nutrient cycling in terrestrial *** of broadleaf litter to conifer litter is expected to improve litter decomposition and soil fertility,and thus ***,the effects on the decomposition of litter mixture of the above two tree species are not well ***,it is essential to assess the decomposition performance of litter mixture with the aim of improving forest nutrient management and the establishment of mixed *** forest manage-ment practice is critical for the sustainability of site productivity in plantation *** We conducted a field litterbag decomposition transplant experi-ment for single pine litter,single poplar litter and their mixture in a pine stand,a poplar stand and an adjacent grassland for 16 months in the Keerqin Sandy Lands,northeast *** Findings After 16 months of incubation,there remained significantly more litter mass of pine(73.8%)than of poplar(67.2%).the mass remaining was positively correlated with litter carbon(c):nitrogen(N),c:phosphorus(P)and lignin:N ratios,and negatively with litter N and P concentrations,which suggests that initial litter chemical properties were an important factor affecting litter ***,net N and P immobilizations were observed during *** indicates that litter decomposition in this area was N-limited as N was progressively immobilized,and then tended to induce P ***,we strongly recommend prohibiting litter harvesting by local residents to maintain soil fertility in this nutrient-poor *** results do not support the home-field advantage hypothesis,as illustrated by the fact that,in most cases,mass loss of

关键词： litter mass remaining nutrient immobilization litter mixture additive effect home-field advantage nutrient-poor area

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Facile synthesis of porous germanium-iron bimetal oxide nanowires as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

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Nano Research 2018年第7期11卷 3702-3709页

作者： Xiongwu Zhong Huijuan huan Xiaowu Liu yan Yu Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China

Germanium-based oxide has been found to be a promising high-capacity anode material for lithium-ion batteries （LIBs）. However, it exhibits poor electrochemical performance because of the drastic volume change during cycling. Herein, we designed porous Ge-Fe bimetal oxide nanowires （Ge-Fe-Ox-700 NWs） by a large-scale and facile solvothermal reaction. When used as the anode material for LIBs, these Ge-Fe-Ox-700 NWs exhibited superior electrochemical performance （- 1,120 mAh·g^-1 at a current density of 100 mA·g^-1） and good cycling performance （- 750 mAh·g^-1 after 50 cycles at a current density of 100 mA·g^-1）. The improved performance is due to the small NW diameter, which allows for better accommodation of the drastic volume changes and zero-dimensional nanoparticles, which shorten the diffusion length of ions and electrons.

关键词： lithium-ion batteries anode materials germanium oxide iron oxide nanowires

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A Hybrid Cellular Swarm Optimization Method for Traffic-Light Scheduling

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2018年第3期27卷 611-616页

作者： HU Wenbin WANG huan yan Liping DU Bo School of Computer Wuhan University

With increasing traffic every day, most cities in the world are facing serious traffic problems, such as traffic accidents, congestion and air pollution. Despite the recent improvement of urban infrastructure, reasonable traffic light scheduling still plays an important role in alleviating these traffic problems. It is a great challenge to schedule a huge number of traffic lights efficiently. To solve this problem, we propose a Hybrid cellular swarm optimization method(HCSO) to optimize the scheduling of urban traffic lights. HCSO achieves an efficient and flexible scheduling, which includes the phase timing scheduling and the phase shifting scheduling. To formulate effective solutions for various traffic problems and achieve a globally dynamic scheduling, flexible and concise transition rules based on Cellular automaton(CA) are *** the Dynamic cellular particle swarm optimization algorithm(DCPSO) is proposed to find the optimal phase timing scheduling efficiently. Moreover, compared with the differential search algorithm method, the genetic algorithm method, the particle swarm optimization method, the comprehensive learning particle swarm optimization method and the random method in real cases, extensive experiments reveal that HCSO achieves obvious improvements under different traffic conditions.

关键词： Transition rules Phase timing scheduling Phase shifting scheduling

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