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Multiple isotopes reveal the driving mechanism of high NO_(3)^(-) level and key processes of nitrogen cycling in the lower reaches of Yellow River

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 597-606页

作者： qianqian zhang Huiwei Wang Lu Liu Tianlun Zhai Xueqing zhang Hebei and China Geological Survey Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesHebei 050061China Geo-Environmental Monitoring Institute of Hebei Province Hebei 050011China Hebei Provincial Laboratory of Water Environmental Science Hebei 050037China Hebei Provincial Academy of Ecological Environmental Science Hebei 050037China

The continuous increase of nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))level in rivers is a hot issue in the world.However,the driving mechanism of high NO_(3)^(-)level in large rivers is still lacking,which has limited the use of river water and increased the cost of water treatment.In this study,multiple isotopes and source resolution models are applied to identify the driving mechanism of high NO_(3)^(-)level and key processes of nitrogen cycling in the lower reaches of the Yellow River(LRYR).The major sources of NO_(3)^(-)were sewage and manure(SAM)in the low-flow season and soil nitrogen(SN)and chemical fertilizer(CF)in the high-flow season.Nitrification was the most key process of nitrogen cycling in the LRYR.However,in the biological removal processes,denitrification may not occur significantly.The temporal variation of contributions of NO_(3)^(-)sources were estimated by a source resolution model in the LRYR.The proportional contributions of SAM and CF to NO_(3)^(-)in the low-flow and high-flow season were 32.5%-52.3%,44.2%-46.2%and 36.0%-40.8%,54.9%-56.9%,respectively.The driving mechanisms of high NO_(3)^(-)level were unreasonable sewage discharge,intensity rainfall runoff,nitrification and lack of nitrate removal capacity.To control the NO_(3)^(-)concentration,targeted measures should be implemented to improve the capacity of sewage and wastewater treatment,increase the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and construct ecological engineering.This study deepens the understanding of the driving mechanism of high nitrate level and provides a vital reference for nitrogen pollution control in rivers to other area of the world.

关键词： Nitrate Driving mechanism Nitrogen cycle Source apportionment Transformation Yellow River

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Recent progress in Prussian blue electrode for electrochromic devices

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第2期18卷 160-186页

作者： Yongting zhang Wanzhong LI Hui GONG qianqian zhang Liang YAN Hao WANG Key Laboratory for New Functional Materials of the Ministry of Education Faculty of Materials and ManufacturingBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China School of Instrument Science and Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China Beijing Aerospace Times Laser Inertial Technology Company Beijing 100094China

Great progress has been made in the electrochromic(EC)technology with potential applications in various fields.As one of the most promising EC materials,Prussian blue(PB)has attracted great attention due to its excellent EC performance,such as low cost,easy synthesis,rich color states,chemical stability,suitable redox potential,and fast color-switching kinetics.This review summarizes the recent progress in PB electrodes and devices,including several typical preparation techniques of PB electrodes,as well as the recent key strategies for enhancing EC performance of PB electrodes.Specifically,PB-based electrochromic devices(ECDs)have been widely used in various fields,such as smart windows,electrochromic energy storage devices(EESDs),wearable electronics,smart displays,military camouflage,and other fields.Several opportunities and obstacles are suggested for advancing the development of PB-based ECDs.This comprehensive review is expected to offer valuable insights for the design and fabrication of sophisticated PBbased ECDs,enabling their practical integration into realworld applications.

关键词： Prussian blue electrochromism energy storage smart windows

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DMPP mitigates N_(2)O and NO productions by inhibiting ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in an intensified vegetable field under different temperature and moisture regimes

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Pedosphere 2024年第3期34卷 652-663页

作者： Xi zhang Xintong XU Chenyuan WANG qianqian zhang Yubing DONG Zhengqin XIONG Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Agriculture and GHGs Mitigation College of Resources and Environmental SciencesNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095(China) Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems Department of Agricultural Soil ScienceGeorg-August University of GottingenGottingen 37077(Germany) State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300(China) Huaiyin Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Xuhuai Region in Jiangsu Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesHuai’an 223001(China)

Vegetable soils with high nitrogen input are major sources of nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)and nitric oxide(NO),and incorporation of the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate(DMPP)into soils has been documented to effectively reduce emissions.However,the efficiency of DMPP in terms of soil N_(2)O and NO mitigations varies greatly depending on soil temperature and moisture levels.Thus,further evaluations of DMPP efficiency in diverse environments are required to encourage widespread application.A laboratory incubation study(28 d)was established to investigate the interactive effects of DMPP,temperature(15,25,and 35?C),and soil moisture(55% and 80% of water-holding capacity(WHC))on net nitrification rate,N_(2)O and NO productions,and gene abundances of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in an intensive vegetable soil.Results showed that incubating soil with 1%DMPP led to partial inhibition of the net nitrification rate and N_(2)O and NO productions,and the reduction percentage of N_(2)O production was higher than that of NO production(69.3%vs.38.2%)regardless of temperature and soil moisture conditions.The increased temperatures promoted the net nitrification rate but decreased soil N_(2)O and NO productions.Soil moisture influenced NO production more than N_(2)O production,decreasing with the increased moisture level(80%).The inhibitory effect of DMPP on cumulative N_(2)O and NO productions decreased with increased temperatures at 55%WHC.Conversely,the inhibitory effect of DMPP on cumulative N_(2)O production increased with increased temperatures at 80%WHC.Based on the correlation analyses and automatic linear modeling,the mitigation of both N_(2)O and NO productions from the soil induced by DMPP was attributed to the decreases in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)amoA gene abundance and NO_(2)^(-)-N concentration.Overall,our study indicated that DMPP reduced both N_(2)O and NO productions by regulating the associated AOB amoA gene abundance and NO_(2)^(-)-N concentration.These findings improve our insights regardi

关键词： 3 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate environment condition gene abundance nitrification inhibitor nitrite accumulation soil water content

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EHMT2 promotes tumorigenesis in GNAQ/11-mutant uveal melanoma via ARHGAP29-mediated RhoA pathway

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第3期14卷 1187-1203页

作者： Yongyun Li Tianyu Zhu Jie Yang qianqian zhang Shiqiong Xu Shengfang Ge Renbing Jia Jianming zhang Xianqun Fan Department of Ophthalmology Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200001China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology Shanghai 200001China National Research Center for Translational Medicine(Shanghai) State Key Laboratory of Medical GenomicsShanghai Institute of HematologyRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China Institute of Translational Medicine Zhangjiang Institute for Advanced StudyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Constitutive activation of GNAQ/11 is the initiative oncogenic event in uveal melanoma(UM).Direct targeting GNAQ/11 has yet to be proven feasible as they are vital for a plethora of cellular functions.In search of genetic vulnerability for UM,we found that inhibition of euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2(EHMT2)expression or activity significantly reduced the proliferation and migration capacity of cancer cells.Notably,elevated expression of EHMT2 had been validated in UM samples.Furthermore,Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated high EHMT2 protein level was related to poor recurrence-free survival and a more advanced T stage.Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis and the following mechanistic investigation showed that ARHGAP29 was a downstream target of EHMT2.Its transcription was suppressed by EHMT2 in a methyltransferasedependent pattern in GNAQ/11-mutant UM cells,leading to elevated RhoA activity.Rescuing constitutively active RhoA in UM cells lacking EHMT2 restored oncogenic phenotypes.Simultaneously blocking EHMT2 and GNAQ/11 signaling in vitro and in vivo showed a synergistic effect on UM growth,suggesting the driver role of these two key molecules.In summary,our study shows evidence for an epigenetic program of EHMT2 regulation that influences UM progression and indicates inhibiting EHMT2 and MEK/ERK simultaneously as a therapeutic strategy in GNAQ/11-mutant UM.

关键词： Uveal melanoma EHMT2 RhoA pathway ARHGAP29 G protein GNAQ GNA11

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Deep learning for cross-region streamflow and flood forecasting at a global scale

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The Innovation 2024年第3期5卷 99-109页

作者： Binlan zhang Chaojun Ouyang Peng Cui Qingsong Xu Dongpo Wang Fei zhang Zhong Li Linfeng Fan Marco Lovati Yanling Liu qianqian zhang State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Resilience Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Data Science in Earth Observation Technical University of Munich80333 MunichGermany State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China Department of Civil Engineering McMaster UniversityHamiltonON L8S 4L8Canada Chengdu University of Information Technology Chengdu 610225China

Streamflow and flood forecasting remains one of the long-standing challenges in hydrology.Traditional physically based models are hampered by sparse parameters and complex calibration procedures particularly in ungauged catchments.We propose a novel hybrid deep learning model termed encoder-decoder double-layer long short-term memory(ED-DLSTM)to address streamflow forecasting at global scale for all(gauged and ungauged)catchments.Using historical datasets,ED-DLSTM yields a mean Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient(NSE)of 0.75 across more than 2,000 catchments from the United States,Canada,Central Europe,and the United Kingdom,highlighting improvements by the state-of-the-art machine learning over traditional hydrologic models.Moreover,ED-DLSTM is applied to 160 ungauged catchments in Chile and 76.9%of catchments obtain NSE>0 in the best situation.The interpretability of cross-region capacities of ED-DLSTM are established through the cell state induced by adding a spatial attribute encoding module,which can spontaneously form hydrological regionalization effects after performing spatial coding for different catchments.The study demonstrates the potential of deep leaning methods to overcome the ubiquitous lack of hydrologic information and deficiencies in physical model structure and parameterization.

关键词： forecasting flood flow

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High-performance liquid metal electromagnetic actuator fabricated by femtosecond laser

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第2期6卷 511-521页

作者： Yiyu Chen Hao Wu Rui Li Shaojun Jiang Shuneng Zhou Zehang Cui Yuan Tao Xinyuan Zheng qianqian zhang Jiawen Li Guoqiang Li Dong Wu Jiaru Chu Yanlei Hu CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesDepartment of Precision Machinery and Precision InstrumentationUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process of Ministry of Education Southwest University of Science and TechnologyMianyang 621010People’s Republic of China Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative Region of ChinaPeople’s Republic of China

Small-scale electromagnetic soft actuators are characterized by a fast response and simplecontrol,holding prospects in the field of soft and miniaturized robotics.The use of liquid metal(LM)to replace a rigid conductor inside soft actuators can reduce the rigidity and enhance the actuation performance and robustness.Despite research efforts,challenges persist in the flexible fabrication of LM soft actuators and in the improvement of actuation performance.To address these challenges,we developed a fast and robust electromagnetic soft microplate actuator based on a laser-induced selective adhesion transfer method.Equipped with unprecedentedly thin LM circuit and customized low Young’s modulus silicone rubber(1.03 kPa),our actuator exhibits an excellent deformation angle(265.25?)and actuation bending angular velocity(284.66 rad·s^(-1)).Furthermore,multiple actuators have been combined to build an artificial gripper with a wide range of functionalities.Our actuator presents new possibilities for designing small-scaleartificial machines and supports advancements in ultrafast soft and miniaturized robotics.

关键词： soft actuators femtosecond laser liquid metal

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Uncovering key salt-tolerant regulators through a combined eQTL and GWAS analysis using the super pan-genome in rice

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 55-69页

作者： Hua Wei Xianmeng Wang Zhipeng zhang Longbo Yang qianqian zhang Yilin Li Huiying He Dandan Chen Bin zhang Chongke Zheng Yue Leng Xinglan Cao Yan Cui Chuanlin Shi Yifan Liu Yang Lv Jie Ma Wenchuang He Xiangpei Liu Qiang Xu Qiaoling Yuan Xiaoman Yu Tianyi Wang Hongge Qian Xiaoxia Li Bintao zhang Hong zhang Wu Chen Mingliang Guo Xiaofan Dai Yuexing Wang Xiaoming Zheng Longbiao Guo Xianzhi Xie Qian Qian Lianguang Shang Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research Institute National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Yazhouwan National Laboratory

For sessile plants, gene expression plays a pivotal role in responding to salinity stress by activating or suppressing specific genes. However, our knowledge of genetic variations governing gene expression in response to salt stress remains limited in natural germplasm. Through transcriptome analysis of the Global Mini-Core Rice Collection consisting of a panel of 202 accessions, we identified 22 345 and 27 610expression quantitative trait loci associated with the expression of 7787 and 9361 e Genes under normal and salt-stress conditions, respectively, leveraging the super pan-genome map. Notably, combined with genome-wide association studies, we swiftly pinpointed the potential candidate gene STG5—a major salt-tolerant locus known as q STS5. Intriguingly, STG5 is required for maintaining Na+/K+homeostasis by directly regulating the transcription of multiple members of the Os HKT gene family. Our study sheds light on how genetic variants influence the dynamic changes in gene expression responding to salinity stress and provides a valuable resource for the mining of salt-tolerant genes in the future.

关键词： super pan-genome expression quantitative trait loci GWAS salt tolerance rice

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A centromere map based on super pan-genome highlights the structure and function of rice centromeres

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第2期66卷 196-207页

作者： Yang Lv Congcong Liu Xiaoxia Li Yueying Wang Huiying He Wenchuang He Wu Chen Longbo Yang Xiaofan Dai Xinglan Cao Xiaoman Yu Jiajia Liu Bin zhang Hua Wei Hong zhang Hongge Qian Chuanlin Shi Yue Leng Xiangpei Liu Mingliang Guo Xianmeng Wang Zhipeng zhang Tianyi Wang Bintao zhang Qiang Xu Yan Cui qianqian zhang Qiaoling Yuan Noushin Jahan Jie Ma Xiaoming Zheng Yongfeng Zhou Qian Qian Longbiao Guo Lianguang Shang State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou 310006China Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518120China Yazhouwan National Laboratory No.8 Huanjin RoadYazhou DistrictSanya City 572024China National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

Rice(Oryza sativa)is a significant crop worldwide with a genome shaped by various evolutionary factors.Rice centromeres are crucial for chromosome segregation,and contain some unreported genes.Due to the diverse and complex centromere region,a comprehensive understanding of rice centromere structure and function at the population level is needed.We constructed a high-quality centromere map based on the rice super pangenome consisting of a 251-accession panel comprising both cultivated and wild species of Asian and African rice.We showed that rice centromeres have diverse satellite repeat CentO,which vary across chromosomes and subpopulations,reflecting their distinct evolutionary patterns.We also revealed that long terminal repeats(LTRs),especially young Gypsy-type LTRs,are abundant in the peripheral CentO-enriched regions and drive rice centromere expansion and evolution.Furthermore,high-quality genome assembly and complete telomere-to-telomere(T2T)reference genome enable us to obtain more centromeric genome information despite mapping and cloning of centromere genes being challenging.We investigated the association between structural variations and gene expression in the rice centromere.A centromere gene,OsMAB,which positively regulates rice tiller number,was further confirmed by expression quantitative trait loci,haplotype analysis and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein9 methods.By revealing the new insights into the evolutionary patterns and biological roles of rice centromeres,our finding will facilitate future research on centromere biology and crop improvement.

关键词： centromere super pan-genome CentoO satellite repeat rice

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Untethered Micro/Nanorobots for Remote Sensing:Toward Intelligent Platform

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第2期16卷 450-483页

作者： qianqian Wang Shihao Yang Li zhang Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro‑Nano Biomedical Instruments School of Mechanical EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjing 211189People’s Republic of China Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China Chow Yuk Ho Technology Centre for Innovative Medicine The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China T Stone Robotics Institute The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China Department of Surgery The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong Kong 999077People’s Republic of China

Untethered micro/nanorobots that can wirelessly control their motion and deformation state have gained enormous interest in remote sensing applications due to their unique motion characteristics in various media and diverse functionalities.Researchers are developing micro/nanorobots as innovative tools to improve sensing performance and miniaturize sensing systems,enabling in situ detection of substances that traditional sensing methods struggle to achieve.Over the past decade of development,significant research progress has been made in designing sensing strategies based on micro/nanorobots,employing various coordinated control and sensing approaches.This review summarizes the latest developments on micro/nanorobots for remote sensing applications by utilizing the self-generated signals of the robots,robot behavior,microrobotic manipulation,and robot-environment interactions.Providing recent studies and relevant applications in remote sensing,we also discuss the challenges and future perspectives facing micro/nanorobots-based intelligent sensing platforms to achieve sensing in complex environments,translating lab research achievements into widespread real applications.

关键词： Micro/nanorobot Remote sensing Wireless control Self-propulsion Actuation at small scales

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The main strategies for soil pollution apportionment:A review of the numerical methods

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 95-109页

作者： Bin Shi Jing Meng TieyuWang qianqian Li Qifan zhang Guijin Su Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention Shantou UniversityShantou 515063China

Nowadays,a large number of compounds with different physical and chemical properties have been determined in soil.Environmental behaviors and source identification of pollutants in soil are the foundation of soil pollution control.Identification and quantitative analysis of potential pollution sources are the prerequisites for its prevention and control.Many efforts have made to develop methods for identifying the sources of soil pollutants.These efforts have involved the measurement of source and receptor parameters and the analysis of their relationships via numerical statistics methods.We have comprehensively reviewed the progress made in the development of source apportionment methodologies to date and present our synthesis.The numerical methods,such as spatial geostatistics analysis,receptor models,and machine learning methods are addressed in depth.In most cases,however,the effectiveness of any single approach for source apportionment remains limited.Combining multiple methods to address soil quality problems can reduce uncertainty about the sources of soil pollution.This review also constructively highlights the key strategies of combining mathematical models with the assessment of chemical profiles to provide more accurate source attribution.This review intends to provide a comprehensive summary of source apportionment methodologies to help promote further development.

关键词： Soil pollutants Source attribution Methodologies Chemical profiles Mathematical models

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