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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1135-1151页

作者： Enning Zhou qiangqiang li Dan Zhu Gang Chen liming Wu Institute of Apicultural Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100093China Department of Food Science University of OtagoDunedin 9016New Zealand School of Food and Health Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing 100048China

Food allergens are mainly naturally-occurring proteins with immunoglobulin E(IgE)-binding epitopes.Understanding the structural and immunogenic characteristics of allergenic proteins is essential in assessing whether and how food processing techniques reduce allergenicity.We here discuss the impacts of food processing technologies on the modification of physicochemical,structural,and immunogenic properties of allergenic proteins.Detection techniques for characterizing changes in these properties of food allergens are summarized.Food processing helps to reduce allergenicity by aggregating or denaturing proteins,which masks,modifies,or destroys antigenic epitopes,whereas,it cannot eliminate allergenicity completely,and sometimes even improves allergenicity by exposing new epitopes.Moreover,most food processing techniques have been tested on purified food allergens rather than food products due to potential interference of other food components.We provide guidance for further development of processing operations that can decrease the allergenicity of allergenic food proteins without negatively impacting the nutritional profile.

关键词： Food allergens Protein structural characterization Immunogenicity evaluation Food processing modification

Allergen degradation of bee pollen by lactic acid bacteria fermentation and its alleviatory effects on allergic reactions in BALB/c mice

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第1期13卷 349-359页

作者： Shuting Yin qiangqiang li Yuxiao Tao Enning Zhou Kun Wang Wanwen Chen Xiangxin li liming Wu Institute of Apicultural Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100093China Department of Animal Science McGill UniversityQuebec H9X 3V9Canada State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China

Food allergy as a global health problem threatens food industry.Bee pollen(BP)is a typical food with allergenic potentials,although it performs various nutritional/pharmacological functions to humans.In this study,lactic acid bacteria(LAB)were used to ferment Brassica napus BP for alleviating its allergenicity.Four novel allergens(glutaredoxin,oleosin-B2,catalase and lipase)were identified with significant decreases in LAB-fermented BP(FBP)than natural BP by proteomics.Meanwhile,metabolomics analysis showed significant increases of 28 characteristic oligopeptides and amino acids in FBP versus BP,indicating the degradation of LAB on allergens.Moreover,FBP showed alleviatory effects in BALB/c mice,which relieved pathological symptoms and lowered production of allergic mediators.Microbial high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that FBP could regulate gut microbiota and metabolism to strengthen immunity,which were closely correlated with the alleviation of allergic reactivity.These findings could contribute to the development and utilization of hypoallergenic BP products.

关键词： Alleviatory effects Lactic acid bacteria fermentation Bee pollen allergen Gut microbiota Host metabolism

Irrigation regimes modulate non-structural carbohydrate remobilization and improve grain filling in rice(Oryza sativa L.)by regulating starch metabolism

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1507-1522页

作者： Yuguang Zang Gaozhao Wu qiangqiang li Yiwen Xu Mingming Xue Xingyu Chen Haiyan Wei Weiyang Zhang Hao Zhang lijun liu Zhiqin Wang Junfei Gu Jianchang Yang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Agricultural College YangzhouUniversityYangzhou225009China Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Recently developed ‘super’ rice cultivars with greater yield potentials often suffer from the problem of poor grain filling, especially in inferior spikelets. Here, we studied the activities of enzymes related to starch metabolism in rice stems and grains, and the microstructures related to carbohydrate accumulation and transportation to investigate the effects of different water regimes on grain filling. Two ‘super’ rice cultivars were grown under two irrigation regimes of well-watered(WW) and alternate wetting and moderate soil drying(AWMD). Compared with the WW treatment,the activities of ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase), starch synthase(StSase) and starch branching enzyme(SBE), and the accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs) in the stems before heading were significantly improved, and more starch granules were stored in the stems in the AWMD treatment. After heading, the activities of α-amylase, β-amylase, sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS) and sucrose synthase in the synthetic direction(SSs)were increased in the stems to promote the remobilization of NSCs for grain filling under AWMD. During grain filling, the enzymatic activities of sucrose synthase in the cleavage direction(SSc), AGPase, StSase and SBE in the inferior spikelets were increased, which promoted grain filling, especially for the inferior spikelets under AWMD.However, there were no significant differences in vascular microstructures. The grain yield and grain weight could be improved by 13.1 and 7.5%, respectively, by optimizing of the irrigation regime. We concluded that the low activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism is the key limitation for the poor grain filling, as opposed to the vascular microstructures, and AWMD can increase the amount of NSC accumulation in the stems before heading, improve the utilization rate of NSCs after heading, and increase the grain filling, especially in the inferior spikelets, by altering the activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism.

关键词： rice(Oryza sativa L.) non-structural carbohydrates(NsCs) enzymatic activity grain illing starch granules vascular bundle

Hot-top direct chill casting assisted by a twin-cooling field:Improving the ingot quality of a large-size 2024 Al alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第17期112卷 114-122页

作者： Cheng Zhu Zhihao Zhao Qingfeng Zhu Gaosong Wang Yubo Zuo qiangqiang li Gaowu Qin Research Center for Metallic Wires School of Materials Science and EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials Ministry of EducationNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Key Laboratory of Anisotropy and Texture of Materials Ministry of EducationNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

Microstructure inhomogeneity and negative segregation have long been challenges for large-size alloy ingots,directly affecting the downstream processing and final performance of products.Here,we used2024 aluminum alloy as a model alloy to propose a technique,named double-cooling field casting,i.e.,one 2024 Al alloy rod(Φ20 mm)at room temperature was introduced into the melt along the central axis of the hot-top with the protection of a thermal-insulation tube during the direct chill(DC)casting process of aΦ300 mm 2024 Al alloy ingot.The results show that the introduction of the same alloy solid insert has a remarkable influence on refining grains in the center region of the ingot,reducing negative centerline segregation and decreasing the depth of the center part of the sump.With the application of the 2024 Al insert,the mean size of equiaxed grains at the center part of the ingot decreased from1204±132μm to 721±69μm.The relative deviation of the Cu and Mg main solutes reduced from-0.062 and-0.054 to-0.03 and-0.024,respectively,and the sump depth decreased from 280 mm to242 mm.Moreover,the shape of the solidification front was changed from‘V’-shaped to‘W’-shaped.The ingot quality was thus improved,mainly arising from the dissolution of the cold 2024 Al insert at a proper position of the hot-top counteracting some latent heat of solidification of the ingot,dissipating the heat of the central part of the hot-top by conducting the 2024 Al insert to the outside,and providing extra-nuclei from the unmoltenα-Al particles of the insert.

关键词： Aluminum alloy DC casting Solid insert Grain refinement Macrosegregation

Invasive Hemodynamic and Vasoreactivity Testing with Inhaled Iloprost in Children with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Congenital Heart Defects

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Cardiology Discovery 2023年第4期3卷 232-238页

作者： qiangqiang li Yuan He Chen Zhang Hong Gu Department of Pediatric Cardiology Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100029China

Objective:Invasive hemodynamic evaluation and acute vasoreactivity testing are recommended in the diagnosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH),but their clinical role in children with PAH associated with congenital heart defects(CHD)is unclear.This study aims to investigate acute hemodynamic responses to inhaled iloprost,and its role in prognosis in children with PAH-CHD.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 83 pediatric patients with PAH-CHD in whom invasive hemodynamics were evaluated before and after a single inhaled dose of iloprost at a single center between 2010 and 2022.Details of the CHD corrective operation,medical treatment,and outcome for each patient were obtained via medical records or telephone contact.A composite endpoint of all-cause death,admission for worsening heart failure during follow-up,and event-free survival was defined,and risk factors associated with this composite endpoint were analyzed.Results:The patient age was(11.3±4.6)years,and 60(72.3%)were female.Fifty-nine(71.1%)patients were diagnosed with Eisenmenger syndrome.After iloprost inhalation,mean pulmonary artery pressure decreased from(78.2±11.5)to(72.3±13.2)mmHg(P25%with stable systemic pressure.Thirtyseven(44.6%)patients underwent a corrective CHD operation at a median of 24 d after hemodynamic evaluation.Nine patients died,and 15 met the composite endpoint during a follow-up period of 5.4(3.8,8.8)years.Five-year event-free survival estimates were 96.7%(95%confidence interval:90.3%-100%)in patients with a positive response,and 82.8%(95%confidence interval:71.7%-94.5%)in patients with a non-positive response(log-rank P=0.012).A positive PVRl response and higher pulmonary arterial oxygen saturation after iloprost inhalation,lower baseline brain natriuretic peptide,and PAH-targeted therapy at follow-up were significantly associated

关键词： Hypertension,pulmonary Cardiac catheterization Vasoreactivity testing Congenital heart disease

Transthoracic Salus Valve Feasibility Study: Short-Term Outcomes of a Transcatheter Self-Expandable Pulmonary Valve

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Cardiology Discovery 2023年第2期3卷 67-77页

作者： Jun Dong Junwu Su Aijun liu Jing Du Jing Yang qiangqiang li Bin li Ming Yang Zhijun Wang Qian Bao Department of Pediatric Cardiac Center Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100029China Department of Radiology Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100029China.

Objective:The size and morphology of the right ventricular outflow tract(RVOT)in patients suffering from long-term pulmonary regurgitation(PR)after native RVOT(NRVOT)reconstruction are important factors affecting the feasibility,safety,and effectiveness of transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility,safety,and effectiveness of a transthoracic Salus valve(Balance Medical Technology Co.,Ltd,Beijing,China)in patients with moderate-to-severe PR after NRVOT reconstruction.Methods:Patients with moderate-to-severe PR after NRVOT reconstruction were selected between June 2021 and November 2021 at Beijing Anzhen Hospital.Demographic data as well as preoperative,intraoperative,and follow-up data were reviewed.Results:Ten patients with moderate-to-severe PR after NRVOT reconstruction underwent physical examination,transthoracic echocardiography,and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging.Seven patients were selected for transthoracic Salus valve replacement.Six patients underwent implantation of the Salus valve successfully.One valve migrated and was embolized during recovery of the delivery device;the Salus valve was surgically explanted and sutured to the inner wall of the main pulmonary artery.At a mean follow-up of(5.5±1.1)months,dysfunction or migration of the Salus valve embolism was not observed.Conclusions:This early feasibility study demonstrates the feasibility,safety,and effectiveness of transthoracic implantation of a Salus valve in patients with moderate-to-severe PR after NRVOT reconstruction.The short-term effectiveness is clear,medium and long-term effectiveness requires longer follow-up.

关键词： Feasibility study Pulmonary regurgitation Right ventricular outflow tract Transthoracic transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement

二维周期排桩隔振技术应用于兰州中川国际机场的初探研究

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噪声与振动控制 2024年第2期44卷 249-255页

作者：李强强韩赟史贞郭永强兰州大学土木工程与力学学院西部灾害与环境力学教育部重点实验室兰州730000 甘肃省民航机场集团有限公司兰州730000 兰州寰球工程有限公司兰州730000

为了克服传统隔振技术因需要在基础与地基之间埋置隔振装置从而削弱结构的整体性和限制隔振装置的更换等方面的不足,立足于屏蔽弹性波的新思想,基于周期结构的通禁带,采用数值模拟手段研究二维周期排桩结构的带隙特性及其对禁带频段内... 详细信息

为了克服传统隔振技术因需要在基础与地基之间埋置隔振装置从而削弱结构的整体性和限制隔振装置的更换等方面的不足,立足于屏蔽弹性波的新思想,基于周期结构的通禁带,采用数值模拟手段研究二维周期排桩结构的带隙特性及其对禁带频段内弹性波的抑制作用,并探讨将这种隔振新技术应用在兰州中川国际机场的新建航站楼与跑道之间来实现隔振时结构设计参数的选取规律。研究发现,对于相对刚度而言,在所选择的材料中,外层散射体钢和内层散射体混凝土及土体所组成的胞元具有最宽的弹性波衰减范围;减小晶格常数增大填充率或者构造含有两种晶格常数的胞元结构可获得更宽的弹性波衰减范围。研究结果可为中川国际机场的周期性排桩设计提供理论指导,从而精准地实现工程结构物的隔振需求。

关键词：振动与波二维声子晶体周期排桩结构隔振频带曲线兰州中川国际机场

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中国儿童肺动脉高压诊治现状

心血管病学进展 2024年第1期45卷 7-10页

作者：李强强顾虹首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院小儿心脏科北京100029

肺动脉高压是一类具有不同的病因和发病特点、多因素致病的疾病。中国儿童肺动脉高压最常见的类型是先天性心脏病相关肺动脉高压和特发性肺动脉高压。现重点介绍这两类疾病的诊治现状,同时介绍与儿童肺动脉高压相关的其他疾病,以及分析... 详细信息

肺动脉高压是一类具有不同的病因和发病特点、多因素致病的疾病。中国儿童肺动脉高压最常见的类型是先天性心脏病相关肺动脉高压和特发性肺动脉高压。现重点介绍这两类疾病的诊治现状,同时介绍与儿童肺动脉高压相关的其他疾病,以及分析当前存在的问题和挑战,并对未来进行展望。

关键词：肺动脉高压儿童先天性心脏病治疗

Effects of Co-Firing Biomass and Pulverized Coal on NO Reduction in Cement Precalciner

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第2期33卷 751-760页

作者： li Pengpeng REN qiangqiang LYU Qinggang WANG Mingyue School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing102206China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

With increased awareness of the large-scale CO_(2) emissions from the cement industry,there has been growing focus on greenhouse gas reduction strategies.Among all these strategies,fuel substitution using biomass fuel is extensively used to achieve CO_(2) zero-emission in cement production.Due to the avoidable high-temperature-generated thermal nitrogen oxides during cement production,research on the impact of biomass application on nitrogen oxide emissions shall be carried out.Three types of biomass fuel and bituminous coal were used to investigate the NO reduction characteristics under different O_(2) concentrations on experimental benches.It was found that the change in oxygen concentration from 9% to 1% increased the reaction time in the reactor from 555 s to 1425 s,which means the increase in oxygen concentration can lead to shorter reaction time,and correspondingly,the existing time of nitric oxide in the flue gas is also shortened,but the peak value of nitric oxide rises,during the process of O_(2) concentration changing from 1% to 9%,the peak NO concentration in the flue gas increased from 5.4×10^(-5) to 1.05×10^(-4).An increase in O_(2) concentration greatly reduces the total reduction of NO and the minimum change in NO concentration.The peak NO concentration during the combustion process of corn stalk is 4.56×10^(-4),which is approximately 7 times higher than that of coal,and it is caused by the high amount of N in corn stalk.The addition of raw meal has an inhibitory effect on the reduction of NO:after adding raw meal,the effective reduction time of NO by fuel decreased by about 20%,but adding raw meal raises CO_(2) concentration of fuel gas in the early stage of reaction.

关键词： cement precalciner biomass fuel coal NO reduction co-firing

Modification of Melting Combustion Kinetic Model of Fine Ash from Entrained-Flow Gasifier

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第1期33卷 300-310页

作者： WANG Wenyu li Wei LU Yu REN qiangqiang LYU Qinggang Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Chinese Academy of SciencesDalian 116023China

Coal gasification technology is a prominent technology in the coal chemical industry and serves as the fundamental basis for various process industries,including coal-based chemicals,coal-based liquid fuels,Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle(IGCC) power generation,multi-generation systems,hydrogen production,and fuel cells.The gasification process generates significant quantities of ash residue,with annual emissions exceeding tens of millions of tons and accumulation reaching hundreds of millions of tons.Accordingly,there is an urgent need to investigate methods for its disposal.The combustion of gasified fine ash(GFA) was conducted in a tube furnace,and the conventional shrinking core model was modified to accurately predict the combustion behaviors at different temperatures(900℃-1500℃).We divided the reaction temperatures into three ranges,which is defined as unmelted combustion(TFT) and mixed combustion(DTFT),the surface ash of GFA grains fell off,and the residual carbon and gas-phase reactants were nearly no longer affected by the diffusion resistance,thus significantly accelerated the reaction of internal residual carbon.In order to predict the melt combustion process more accurately,the time term of the shrinkage core model(SCM) is modified,and the effective diffusion coefficient of T>FT is defined.

关键词： fine ash melting combustion kinetic model combustion characteristics