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Analysis of Effect of Gas Temperature on Cooling Stave of Blast Furnace

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2010年第1期17卷 1-6页

作者： XIE Ning-qiang CHENG shu-sen School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China

In order to study the effect of gas temperature variation on cooling stave, temperature, stress and displacement distributions of cooling stave were analyzed respectively when gas temperature inside- blast furnace increases from 1000 to 1 600 ℃. The results show that the temperature field on cold side is under control of cooling pipes and hardly changes when gas temperature increases. The temperature gradient and change rate with time near hot sides are greater than those in other regions and the later can reach 100 ℃/s. The stress intensity near middle area of hot surface is up to 400 MPa and that＇s why there are lots of cracks at this place. The edge of stave is bent to cold side and middle regions between fixed bolts and pin moves to hot side. The displacement around fixed pin is smaller but larger on the edge and the maximum is located on hot side of top surface. The maximum displacement in z direction is about 4 mm and 3 mm in y direction. If the expansion coefficient of packing layer is 1/4, the thickness of packing layer between the cooling staves is 32 mm and 24 mm between sides up and down.

关键词： temperature variation displacement temperature change rate stress intensity packing layer

Comparative transcriptomics highlights convergent evolution of energy metabolic pathways in group-living spiders

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Zoological Research 2021年第2期42卷 195-206页

作者： Han Yang Bin Lyu Hai-qiang Yin shu-qiang Li Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengduSichuan 610041China College of Life Science Hunan Normal UniversityChangshaHunan 410081China College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Although widely thought to be aggressive, solitary,and potentially cannibalistic, some spider species have evolved group-living behaviors. The distinct transition provides the framework to uncover groupliving evolution. Here, we conducted a comparative transcriptomic study and examined patterns of molecular evolution in two independently evolved group-living spiders and twelve solitary species. We report that positively selected genes among groupliving spider lineages are significantly enriched in nutrient metabolism and autophagy pathways. We also show that nutrient-related genes of group-living spiders convergently experience amino acid substitutions and accelerated relative evolutionary rates. These results indicate adaptive convergence of nutrient metabolism that may ensure energy supply in group-living spiders. The decelerated evolutionary rate of autophagy-related genes in group-living lineages is consistent with an increased constraint on energy homeostasis as would be required in a group-living environment. Together, the results show that energy metabolic pathways play an important role in the transition to group-living in spiders.

关键词： Autophagy Cannibalism Convergent Group-living Nutrient Spider

Cenozoic Tethyan changes dominated Eurasian animal evolution and diversity patterns

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Zoological Research 2022年第1期43卷 3-13页

作者： Zhe Zhao Zhong-E Hou shu-qiang Li Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Cenozoic tectonic evolution in the Tethyan region has greatly changed the landforms and environment of Eurasia,driving the evolution of animals and greatly affecting the diversity patterns of Eurasian *** combining the latest Tethyan paleogeographic models and some recently published Eurasian zoological studies,we systematically summarize how tectonic evolution in the Tethyan region has influenced the evolution and diversity patterns of Eurasian *** convergence of continental plates,closure of Tethys Sea,and Tethyan sea-level changes have directly affected the composition and spatial distribution of Eurasian animal *** topographic and environmental changes caused by Tethyan tectonics have determined regional animal diversity in Eurasia by influencing animal origin,dispersal,preservation,diversification,and *** ecological transformations resulted in the emergence of new habitats and niches,which promoted animal adaptive evolution,specialization,speciation,and *** highlight that the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Tethyan region has been responsible for much of the alteration in Eurasian animal distribution and has been an essential force in shaping organic ***,we generalize a general pattern that Tethyan geological events are linked with Eurasian animal evolution and diversity dynamics.

关键词： Tethys Mediterranean Biogeography Zoogeography Phylogeny

NOVEL AMPHIPHILIC FLUORESCENT GRAFT COPOLYMER: SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ENCAPSULATION OF A HYDROPHOBIC AGENT

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2006年第3期24卷 315-321页

作者： Zhao-qiang Wu shu Yang Wen-yan Liao 孟令芝 College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China

Novel amphiphilic fluorescent graft copolymer （PVP-PyAHy） was successfully synthesized by the free radical copolymerization of hydrophobic monomer N-（1-pyrenebutyryl）-N＇-acryloyl hydrazide （PyAHy） with hydrophilic precursor polymers of vinyl-functionalized poly（N-vinylpyrrolidone）（PVP） in DMF. The copolymer is amphiphilic and has intrinsic fluorescence. FT-IR, ^1H-NMR, TEM, gel permeation chromatography-multi-angle laser light scattering, UV-Vis spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize this copolymer. The TEM observation shows that the copolymer PVP-PyAHy forms micelles in aqueous solution. Results of fluorometric measurements illustrate that the critical micelle concentration （CMC） value of PVP-PyAHy in aqueous solution is about 0.90 mg/mL. To examine the encapsulation ability of the copolymer in aqueous media, methyl yellow was employed as a model hydrophobic agent. The loading level of the polymer to methyl yellow is 8.8 mg/g. The cytotoxicity assays for Madin Darby Canine Kidney （MDCK） cells shows good biocompatibility of PVP-PyAHy in vitro. These results suggest the potential of this copolymer PVP-PyAHy as drugs delivery carrier and fluorescent tracer.

关键词： Amphiphilic copolymer Fluorescence Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone).

Integrative taxonomy of Leptonetela spiders (Araneae, Leptonetidae), with descriptions of 46 new species

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Zoological Research 2017年第6期38卷 321-448页

作者： Chun-Xia Wang Xin Xu shu-qiang Li Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Yezin Nay Pyi Taw 05282 Myanmar College of Life Sciences Hunan Normal University Changsha Hunan 410006 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Extreme environments, such as subterranean habitats, are suspected to be responsible for morphologically inseparable cryptic or sibling species and can bias biodiversity assessment. A DNA barcode is a short, standardized DNA sequence used for taxonomic purposes and has the potential to lessen the challenges presented by a biotic inventory. Here, we investigate the diversity of the genus Leptonetela Kratochvil, 1978 that is endemic to karst systems in Eurasia using DNA barcoding. We analyzed 624 specimens using one mitochondrial gene fragment （COl）. The results show that DNA barcoding is an efficient and rapid species identification method in this genus. DNA barcoding gap and automatic barcode gap discovery （ABGD） analyses indicated the existence of 90 species, a result consistent with previous taxonomic hypotheses, and supported the existence of extreme male pedipalpal tibial spine and median apophysis polymorphism in Leptonetela species, with direct implications for the taxonomy of the group and its diversity. Based on the molecular and morphological evidence, we delimit and diagnose 90 Leptonetela species, including the type species Leptonetela kanellisi （Deeleman-Reinhold, 1971）. Forty-six of them are previously undescribed. The female of Leptonetela zhai Wang ＆ Li, 2011 is reported for the first time. Leptonetela tianxinensis （Tong ＆ Li, 2008） comb. nov. is transferred from the genus Leptoneta Simon, 1872; the genus Guineta Lin ＆ Li, 2010 syn. nov. is a junior synonym of Leptonetela; Leptonetela gigachela （Lin ＆ Li, 2010） comb. nov. is transferred from Guineta. The genus Sinoneta LJn ＆ Li, 2010 syn. nov. is a junior synonym of Leptonetela; Leptonetela notabilis （Lin ＆ Li, 2010） comb. nov. and Leptonetela sexdigiti （Lin ＆ Li, 2010） comb. nov. are transferred from Sinoneta; Leptonetela sanchahe Wang ＆ Li nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for Sinoneta palmata （Chen et a 2010） because Leptonetela palmata is preoccupied.

关键词： DNA barcoding Phylogeny Phenotype Species delineation

Preparation and characterisation of perovskite La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.83Mg0.17O2.815 electrolyte using a poly(vinyl alcohol)polymeric method

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2016年第2期5卷 167-175页

作者： Tong-Wei LI shu-qiang YANG shuai LI School of Physics and Engineering Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 China Department of Physics Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471022 China Department of Energy Materials and Technology General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals Beijing 100088 China

The perovskite La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.83Mg0.17O2.815 (LSGM) fuel cell electrolyte was prepared by a polymeric method using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). The LSGM precursor powder was examined by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. It was found that thermal decomposition of the LSGM precursor powder occurs in a number of different stages, and complete decomposition of the precursor is obtained at 1000 degrees C X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that calcined powder contains three secondary phases, namely La4Ga2O9, LaSrGa3O7, and LaSrGaO4, even after calcination at 1100 degrees C Furthermore, the fraction of secondary phases decreases with increasing calcination temperature. Single phase perovskite LSGM pellets with a relative density of 97% were obtained after sintering at 1450 degrees C for 10 h. It was therefore shown that the powder prepared by the simple PVA method is fine, highly reactive, and sinterable. The electrical properties of LSGM pellets were characterised by impedance spectroscopy. The conductivity of the LSGM pellets sintered at 1450 degrees C for 10 h was 8.24x10(-2) S/cm at 800 degrees C.

关键词： lanthanum gallate perovskite polymeric method ionic conductivity

Taxonomic notes on Leptonetidae(Arachnida,Araneae)from China,with descriptions of one new genus and eight new species

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Zoological Research 2020年第6期41卷 684-704页

作者： Chun-Xia Wang shu-qiang Li Wen-Hui Zhu Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Diversity College of Life ScienceLangfang Normal UniversityLangfangHebei 065000China Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Life Science College Shenyang Normal UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110034China

Species of the spider family Leptonetidae Simon,1890 from China are revised based on molecular and morphological data analyses.A new genus,Jingneta Wang&Li ***.,is erected,with Leptoneta cornea Tong&Li,2008 as the type ***-two Chinese species previously assigned to the genus Leptoneta Simon,1872 are revised,with eight transferred to Falcileptoneta Komatsu,1970,seven transferred to Jingneta ***.,five transferred to Leptonetela Kratochvil,1978,and one species each transferred to Longileptoneta Seo,2015 and Masirana Kishida,*** new species are described:i.e.,Falcileptoneta shuanglong Wang&Li ***.(♂),Jingneta caoxian Wang&Li ***.(♂♀),*** Wang&Li ***.(♂♀),Longileptoneta gutan Wang&Li ***.(♂♀),*** Wang&Li ***.(♂♀),*** Wang&Li ***.(♂♀),*** Wang&Li ***.(♂),and *** Wang&Li ***.(♂♀).In total,127 leptonetid species from six genera are documented from China:nine species of Falcileptoneta,nine species of Jingneta ***.,101 species of Leptonetela,six species of Longileptoneta,one species of Masirana,and one species of Rhyssoleptoneta Tong&Li,2007.

关键词： Asia Morphology New combination Taxonomy

The vegetation feature and palaeoenvironment significance in the mountainous interior of southern China from the Last Glacial Maximum

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Science China Earth Sciences 2018年第1期61卷 71-81页

作者： XIAO JiaYi SHANG ZhiYuan shu qiang YIN JianJi WU Xiaoshuang Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing Normal University School of Geographical Sciences Nanjing Normal University

Palynological records were selected from the profiles of three research sites in the mountainous interior of southern China(Dajiuhu at Shennongjia in the western part of Hubei Province, Dahu in the Nanling Mountains, and Gantang in the northern part of Fujian Province). It can be inferred that the forest vegetation growing in the south of the Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River was luxuriant during the late glaciation. The species succession with ecological significance in palaeoflora(Abies sp., Fagus sp. and Alnus sp.) revealed that there was a certain amount of precipitation and effective humidity in the mountain lands between Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River and Nanling Mountains. This ecological environment favored the zonal distribution of mountainous forest vegetation. The late glacial maximum featured a cold, wet climate that completely differed from the cold-dry climate on the Loess Plateau, and on the steppe and desert steppe of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Besides being influenced by the predominant factors driving the Northern Hemisphere climate, the cold-wet climate feature of the mountainous interior of southern China was closely associated with some geographical factors such as the latitudinal position, proximity to the ocean, and the topography and landforms.

关键词： Southern China Mountainous vegetation Last Glacial Period Pollen record Palaeoenvironment

Nine new species of the spider genus Stedocys (Araneae, Scytodidae) from China and Thailand

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Zoological Research 2017年第5期38卷 215-242页

作者： Jiang-Lang Wu Yu-Fa Luo shu-qiang Li Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Yezin Nay Pyi Taw 05282 Myanmar Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China School of Life and Environment Sciences Gannan Normal University Ganzhou Jiangxi 341000 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Nine new species of the genus Stedocys Ono, 1995 are described： Stedocys gaolingensis Wu ＆ Lisp. n. （♂♀, Guangxi）, S. huangniuensis Wu ＆ Lisp. n. （♀, Guangxi）, S. ludiyanensis Wu ＆ Lisp. n. （♂♀, Guangxi）, S. matuoensis Wu ＆ Lisp. n. （♀, Guangxi）, S. pulianensis Wu ＆ Lisp. n. （♂, Guangxi）, S. shilinensis Wu ＆ Lisp. n. （♂♀, Hainan）, S. xianrenensis Wu ＆ Li sp. n. （♂♀, Guangxi）, S. xiangzhouensis Wu ＆ Li sp. n. （♂♀, Guangxi） from China, and S. zhaoi Wu ＆ Li sp. nov. （♂♀, Kanchanaburi） from Thailand. Diagnoses of nine new species are provided. DNA barcodes for six new species are documented for future use and as proof of molecular differences between these species.

关键词： Taxonomy Morphology Diagnosis Biodiversity Caves