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Impurity formation mechanism of silicon carbide crystals smelted by Acheson process

Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第6期31卷 1367-1375页

作者： Dong Feng Hong-qiang ru Xu-dong Luo Jie-gang You Ling Zhang School of Materials and Metallurgy University of Science and Technology LiaoningAnshan 114051LiaoningChina Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials(Ministry of Education) Institute of Advanced CeramicsSchool of Materials Science and EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819LiaoningChina Liaoning Institute of Science and Technology Benxi 117004LiaoningChina

In order to further promote the application of SiC refractories in modern steel metallurgy,the occurrence forms and formation mechanism of impurities in SiC crystals smelted by Acheson process were *** techniques of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry,X-ray diffraction,and scanning electron microscopy were combined to examine the types and occurrence forms of impurities in smelted SiC *** results showed that the main impurities in the SiC are free Si,free C,oxides(CaO·Al_(2)O_(3)·2SiO_(2),3Al_(2)O_(3)·2SiO_(2),CaO·SiO_(2) and SiO_(2))and alloy phases(Fe_(x)Si_(y),Fe_(x)Si_(y)Ti_(z) and Fe_(x)Al_(y)Si_(z)).The formation process of impurities during the smelting of SiC can be described as follows:At high temperature,the SiO_(2) and Fe,Ti related oxide impurities present in the raw materials are reduced to Si,Fe,and Ti metal *** the reduction process,the free Si,Fe_(x)Si_(y) and Fe_(x)Si_(y)Ti_(z) are precipitated from the melt during *** Si primarily exists in aggregated form within the SiC crystal,while the alloy phase is predominantly found at the interface between SiC and free Si,with Fe_(x)Si_(y)Ti_(z) embedded within *** the end of the cooling process,other impurity oxides such as Al_(2)O_(3),CaO,and some unreduced SiO_(2) solidify to form calcium-aluminum-silicate glass phases,predominantly located between SiC *** remaining C from the reaction is mainly dispersed as free C within the SiC crystal and at the interface between SiC and free Si.

关键词： Impurity element Formation mechanism Smelted SiC crystal SiC refractory Occurrence form

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Effects of Ti_(0.5)Al_(0.5)N coatings on the protecting against oxidation for titanium alloys

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Rare Metals 2010年第2期29卷 154-161页

作者： ru qiang HU Shejun Laboratory of Quantum Information Technology School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China Department of Mathematics and Physics Wuyi University Jiangmen 529020 China

Ti0.5Al0.5N coatings were deposited on TC11（Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si） and silicon substrates using a cathode arc ion-plating *** microstructure, composition, phase structure, and oxidation-resistance of the alloys and nitride coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and thermal *** results show that the oxidation resistance of the titanium alloy is relatively limited;the compound structures of Ti mixed with Al oxides are formed during the heating *** phases of the Ti0.5Al0.5N coatings are composed of a TiN solid solution *** oxidation kinetics obeys the parabolic *** the oxidation process, the selective oxidation of Al occurs, thus protecting the underlying coating and substrate.

关键词： titanium alloy TiAlN oxidation resistance ion plating

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CZTS基单晶材料研究进展和展望

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人工晶体学报 2024年第1期53卷 12-24页

作者：傅文峰朱旭鹏廖峻汝强薛书文张军华南师范大学物理学院广州510006 岭南师范学院物理科学与技术学院湛江524048

Ⅰ_(2)-Ⅱ-Ⅳ-Ⅵ_(4)型半导体铜锌锡硫(CZTS)在成本、组成元素丰度、毒性和稳定性等方面具有突出优势,被认为是一种很有前途的太阳能吸收材料,应用于绿色和经济的光伏领域。尽管Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)拥有与黄铜矿相似的晶体结构和光电性... 详细信息

Ⅰ_(2)-Ⅱ-Ⅳ-Ⅵ_(4)型半导体铜锌锡硫(CZTS)在成本、组成元素丰度、毒性和稳定性等方面具有突出优势,被认为是一种很有前途的太阳能吸收材料,应用于绿色和经济的光伏领域。尽管Cu_(2)ZnSn(S,Se)_(4)拥有与黄铜矿相似的晶体结构和光电性能,但其转换效率却远远低于Cu(In,Ga)Se_(2)(23.5%)。传统研究多数集中在多晶薄膜材料和器件的光电性能,导致材料关键缺陷态甄别及其能带调控规律尚不清晰,成为限制CZTS基光电器件性能的瓶颈。本文综述了CZTS基单晶材料,详细介绍了其晶体结构和物理性质,概述了移动加热器法、碘输运法和熔盐法制备高质量单晶的工艺,多型纳米晶库的研究,以及天然锌黄锡矿的物性研究。根据制备的CZTS基单晶材料讨论了其光学和电学性能。最后总结了CZTS基单晶材料在半导体器件的应用及目前存在的问题,为提高Ⅰ_(2)-Ⅱ-Ⅳ-Ⅵ_(4)型半导体材料器件的性能提供可能的发展方向。

关键词：铜锌锡硫天然锌黄锡矿缺陷态光电性质移动加热器法碘输运法熔盐法

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Lithium intercalation mechanism for β-SnSb in Sn-Sb thin films

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2011年第2期18卷 216-222页

作者： qiang ru Qin Tian She-jun Hu Ling-zhi Zhao Laboratory of Quantum Information Technology School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China Department of Chemistry South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China

Based on the first-principles plane wave pseudo-potential method, the electronic structure and electrochemical performance of LixSn4Sb4 （x=2, 4, 6, and 8） and LixSn12-xSb4 （x=9, 10, 11, and 12） phases were calculated. A Sn-Sb thin film on a Cu foil was also prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The surface morphology, composition, and lithium intercalation/extraction behavior of the fabricated film were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and cyclic voltammetry （CV）. Lithium atoms can easily insert into and extract out of the β-SnSb cell due to the low lithium intercalation formation energy. It is found that lithium atoms first occupy the interstitial sites, and then Sn atoms at the lattice positions are replaced by excessive lithium. The dissociative Sn atoms continue to produce different Li-Sn phases, which will affect the electrode stability and lead to the undesirable effect due to their large volume expansion ratio. The calculated lithium intercalation potential is stable at about 0.7 V, which is consistent with the experimental result.

关键词： lithium batteries first-principles Sn-Sb alloys electronic structure thin films

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Study of lithium storage properties of the Sn-Ni alloys prepared by magnetic sputtering technology

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2010年第5期23卷 363-369页

作者： Xianhua HOU Shejun HU Wei PENG Zhiwen ZHANG qiang ru School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China

Nano-level Sn-Ni alloy thin-film electrode materials prepared by magnetic sputtering technology are characterized with X-ray diffraction （XRD）, atom force microscopy （AFM） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The charge/discharge and cyclic voltammograms （CV） of the films electrodes are tested by the battery testing system of high precision. The results indicate that the materials prepared by direct current （DC） and radio frequency （RF） methods differ greatly in their performance. Ni3Sn2 alloy phase constitutes the main components prepared by DC method, the particles on the surface are tiny and show steady cycling performance, the deficiency is that they have low initial efficiency and small discharge capacity of 72% and 108 mA·h/g, respectively. Contrary to the former, Ni3Sn4 alloy phase constitutes the main com- ponents prepared by RF method, the particles on the surface appear comparatively larger, their discharge capacity did not decline in the first 15 times, keeping above 500 mA·h/g, but began to decline after 15 times.

关键词： Lithium ion battery Sn-Ni alloy Electrochemical property

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Properties of TiAICrN coatings prepared by vacuum cathodic arc ion plating

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Rare Metals 2008年第3期27卷 251-256页

作者： ru qiang HU Shejun HUANG Nacan ZHAO Lingzhi QIU Xiuli HU Xianqi School of Physics and Communication Engineering South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China Faculties of Materlals and Energy Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China Shenzhen Goldenhouse Vacuum Technology Co. Ltd. Shenzhen 518053 China

TiAlCrN coatings were deposited by means of vacuum cathodic arc ion plating technique on TC 11 （Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si） titanium alloy substrates. The composition, phase structure, mechanical performance, and oxidation-resistance of the nivide coatings were investi- gated by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, atomic force microscope （AFM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, auger electron spectroscopy （AES）, and X-ray photoelectron microscopy （XPS）. A new process for preparing protective coatings of the titanium alloy is successfully ac- quired. The experimental results indicate that the added element chromium in the TiAlN coatings make a contribution to form the （220） pre- ferred direction. The phases of the coatings are composed of （Ti,Al）N and （Ti,Cr）N. After 700~C and 800~C oxidation, AES analysis shows that the diffusion distribution of the TiAlCrN coatings emerges a step shape. From the outside to the inner, the concentrations of O, Al, and Cr reduce, but those of Ti and N increase. The Al-rich oxide is formed on the surface of the coatings, and the mixed structure of Ti-rich and Cr-rich oxides is formed in the internal layer. The oxidation resistance of the TiAlCrN coatings is excellent at the range of 700 to 800~C. Adhesion wear is the dominant mechanical characteristic for the titanium alloy at room temperature, and the protective coatings with high hardness can improve the mechanical properties of the titanium alloy. The wear resistance of the TC 11 alloy is considerably improved by the TiAlCrN coatings.

关键词： TiAlCrN coatings ion plating wear and friction oxidation resistance titanium alloy

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基于卡尔曼滤波车速估算的电动汽车换挡策略

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汽车电器 2024年第8期 15-17,20页

作者：陈鹏辉茹强汶渭栋比亚迪汽车有限公司陕西西安710000

电动汽车因车速估算误差导致出现换挡失败、换挡顿挫等问题,为了解决此类换挡问题,提出制定更为精确的换挡策略。基于卡尔曼滤波原理,文章首先制定车速估算算法,利用车辆三轴加速度计来计算加速度积分,从而计算车速预测值,同时通过测量... 详细信息

电动汽车因车速估算误差导致出现换挡失败、换挡顿挫等问题,为了解决此类换挡问题,提出制定更为精确的换挡策略。基于卡尔曼滤波原理,文章首先制定车速估算算法,利用车辆三轴加速度计来计算加速度积分,从而计算车速预测值,同时通过测量轮速来进行反馈修正,得到最优估计下的后验车速;其次,利用车速制定双参数换挡策略;最后通过联合仿真测试来进行验证。

关键词：车速估算卡尔曼滤波换挡规律

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First-principles calculations and experimental studies of Sn-Zn alloys as negative electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries

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Rare Metals 2011年第2期30卷 160-165页

作者： ru qiang PENG Wei ZHANG Zhiwen HU Shejun LI Yanling Laboratory of Quantum Information Technology School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 China

The physical characters and electrochemical properties of various phases in a Sn-Zn electrode, such as formation energy, plateau potential, specific capacity, as well as volume expansion, were calculated by the first-principles plane-wave pseudo-potential method based on the den- sity functional theory. Sn-Zn films were also deposited on copper foils by an electroless plating technique. The actual composition and chemical characters were explored by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, plasma atomic emission spectrometry （ICP）, and constant current charge/discharge measurements （CC）. The results show that separation phases with tin and zinc including a small quantity of Cu6Sn5 phase were obtained, the initial lithium insertion capacity of the Sn-Zn film was 661 mAh/g, and obvious potential pla- teaus of about 0.4 V and 0.7 V were displayed, which is in accordance with the results of theoretical calculations. The capacity of the Sn-Zn film decreased seriously with the increase of cycle number.

关键词： lithium batteries electrochemical electrodes tin alloys first-principles calculations

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A Deep Learning Approach for Fault Diagnosis of Induction Motors in Manufacturing

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2017年第6期30卷 1347-1356页

作者： Si-Yu Shao Wen-Jun Sun ru-qiang Yan Peng Wang Robert X Gao School of Instrument Science and Engineering Southeast University Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Case Western Reserve University

Extracting features from original signals is a key procedure for traditional fault diagnosis of induction motors, as it directly influences the performance of fault recognition. However, high quality features need expert knowledge and human intervention. In this paper, a deep learning approach based on deep belief networks （DBN） is developed to learn features from frequency distribution of vibration signals with the purpose of characterizing work- ing status of induction motors. It combines feature extraction procedure with classification task together to achieve automated and intelligent fault diagnosis. The DBN model is built by stacking multiple-units of restricted Boltzmann machine （RBM）, and is trained using layer-by- layer pre-training algorithm. Compared with traditional diagnostic approaches where feature extraction is needed, the presented approach has the ability of learning hierar- chical representations, which are suitable for fault classi- fication, directly from frequency distribution of the measurement data. The structure of the DBN model is investigated as the scale and depth of the DBN architecture directly affect its classification performance. Experimental study conducted on a machine fault simulator verifies the effectiveness of the deep learning approach for fault diagnosis of induction motors. This research proposes an intelligent diagnosis method for induction motor which utilizes deep learning model to automatically learn features from sensor data and realize working status recognition.

关键词： Fault diagnosis Deep learning Deep beliefnetwork. RBM Classification

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Influence of structure and atom sites on Sn-based anode materials for lithium ion batteries: a first-principle study

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第13期59卷 1459-1467页

作者： Zhaowen Huang Shejun Hu Xianhua Hou qiang ru Lingzhi Zhao Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering South China Normal University Engineering Research Center of Materials and Technology for Electrochemical Energy Storage Ministry of Education Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices Institute of Opto-Electronic Materials and Technology South China Normal University

To understand the influence of structure and atom sites on the electrochemical properties of Sn-based anode materials,the lithium intercalation–deintercalation mechanisms into SnNi2Cu and SnNiCu2phases were studied using the first-principle plane wave pseudo-potential *** results showed that both SnNi2Cu and SnNiCu2were unsuitable anode materials for lithium ion *** Sn-based anode structure related to the number of interstitial sites,theoretical specific capacity,and volume expansion *** atom sites led to different forces at interstitial sites,resulting in variations in formation energy,density of states,and hybrid orbital *** order to validate the calculated model,the SnNi2Cu alloy anode material was synthesized through a chemical reduction-codeposition *** results proved that the theoretical design was ***,when selecting Snbased alloy anodes,attention should be paid to maximizing the number of interstitial sites and distributing atoms reasonably to minimize forces at these sites and facilitate the intercalation and deintercalation of lithium ion.

关键词：锡基负极材料锂离子电池解结构原子第一原理网站 Sn 计算结果

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