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A privacy preserving two-factor authentication protocol for the Bitcoin SPV nodes

Science China(Information Sciences) 2020年第3期63卷 34-48页

作者： lu ZHOU Chunpeng ge Chunhua SU Division of Computer Science University of Aizu College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

In the Bitcoin network, the simplified payment verification protocol(SPV) enables a lightweight device such as a mobile phone to participate in the bitcoin network without needed to download and store the whole Bitcoin blocks. A Bitcoin SPV node initiates and verifies transactions of the Bitcoin network through the Bitcoin wallet software which is deployed on a resource constrained device such as a mobile phone. Thus, the security of the wallet is critical for the SPV nodes as it may affect the security of user’s cryptocurrencies. However, there are some concerns about the security flaws within the SPV nodes which could lead to significant economic losses. Most of these vulnerabilities can be resolved by employing a secure user authentication protocol. Over the years, researchers have engaged in designing a secure authentication protocol. However, most proposals have security flaws or performance issues. Recently, Park et al. proposed a two-party authenticated key exchange protocol for the mobile environment. They claimed that their protocol is not only secure against various attacks but also can be deployed efficiently. However, after a thorough security analysis, we find that the Park et al.’s protocol is vulnerable to user forgery attack, smart card stolen attack and unable to provide user anonymity. To enhance security, we proposed an efficient and secure user authentication protocol for the SPV nodes in the mobile environment which can fulfill all the security requirements and has provable security. Additionally, we provide performance analysis which shows our proposed protocol is efficient for the SPV nodes in the Bitcoin network.

关键词： SPV nodes secure authentication two-factor Bitcoin

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Nonreciprocal Head-on Collision Between Two Nonlinear Solitary Waves in Granular Metamaterials with an Interface

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2022年第1期35卷 139-151页

作者： qi lu Yi-Ze Wang Department of Mechanics Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China

In this work,the head-on collision and transmission with nonreciprocal properties of opposite propagating solitary waves are studied,in which the interface between different granular chains is *** to the discontinuity of two periodic granular systems,the transmitted and reflected solitary waves are *** head-on collision appears at the interface and the reductive perturbation method is applied to derive the generated solitary *** to the derivation and numerical simulation,we can find that the transmitted and reflected solitary waves can propagate with the same speed when they locate at the same ***,the influences of both the arrangement and prestress are *** is found that the amplitude and velocity of solitary waves become larger because of a bigger prestress,which result in the nonreciprocal collision and transmission in the granular mechanical *** study is expected to be helpful for the design and application of elastic wave metamaterials and mechanical diodes with nonlinear solitary waves.

关键词： Granular metamaterial Nonlinear solitary waves Head-on collision Interface Nonreciprocal properties

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On the lower bounds of the curvatures in a bounded domain

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Science China Mathematics 2015年第1期58卷 1-10页

作者： lu qi Keng Institute of Mathematics Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences

Let KD（z, z） be the Bergman kernel of a bounded domain 7P in Cn and Sect （z, ） and Ricci （z, ） be the holomorphic sectional curvature and Ricci curvature of the Bergman metric ds2 = T T：）（z,N）dzCdz respectively at the point z E T with tangent vector . It is proved by constructing suitable minimal functions that where z ∈D1 D D2, D1 is a ball contained in D and D2 is a ball containing D.

关键词： minimal function minimal integral lower bound

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Superiority of quadratic over conventional neural networks for classification of gaussian mixture data

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Visual Computing for Industry,Biomedicine,and Art 2022年第1期5卷 279-289页

作者： Tianrui qi ge Wang Department of Computer Science Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteNY 12180TroyUSA

To enrich the diversity of artificial neurons,a type of quadratic neurons was proposed previously,where the inner product of inputs and weights is replaced by a quadratic *** this paper,we demonstrate the superiority of such quadratic neurons over conventional *** this purpose,we train such quadratic neural networks using an adapted backpropagation algorithm and perform a systematic comparison between quadratic and conventional neural networks for classificaiton of Gaussian mixture data,which is one of the most important machine learning *** results show that quadratic neural networks enjoy remarkably better efficacy and efficiency than conventional neural networks in this context,and potentially extendable to other relevant applications.

关键词： Artificial neural networks Quadratic neurons Quadratic neural networks Backpropagation Classification Gaussian mixture models

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On the Quaternion Ball and the Quaternion Projective Space

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2005年第3期21卷 449-456页

作者： qi Keng lu Institute of Mathematics Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 P. R. China

Since the quaternion ball was used to study the AdS/CFT problems tor spinor fields, it is worthwhile to study further the geometry （in sense of Klein） and analysis on it and on its extended space （in the sense of B... 详细信息

关键词： Discontinuous solutions Heat kernel

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Will the 2022 compound heatwaveedrought extreme over the Yangtze River Basin become Grey Rhino in the future?

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 547-556页

作者： Ai-qing FENG qing-Chen CHAO lu-lu LIU ge GAO Guo-Fu WANG Xue-Jun ZHANG qi-Guang WANG China Meteorological Administration Key Laboratory for Climate Prediction Studies National Climate CentreBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100038China China Meteorological Administration Training Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

The increasingly frequent and severe regional-scale compound heatwave-drought extreme events(CHDEs),driven by global warming,present formidable challenges to ecosystems,residential livelihoods,and economic ***,uncertainty persists regarding the future trend of CHDEs and their insights into regional spatiotemporal *** integrating daily meteorological data from observations in 1961-2022 and global climate models(GCMs)based on the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways,the evolution patterns of CHDEs were compared and examined among three sub-catchments of the Yangtze River Basin,and the return periods of CHDE in 2050s and 210Os were *** findings indicate that the climate during the 2022 CHDE period was the warmest and driest recorded in 1961-2022,with precipitation less than 154.5 mm and a mean daily maximum temperature 3.4°C higher than the average of 1981-2010,whereas the char-acteristics in the sub-catchments exhibited temporal and spatial *** July-August 2022,the most notable feature of CHDE was its extremeness since 1961,with return periods of~200-year in upstream,80-year in midstream,and 40-year in downstream,*** 2050,the return periods witnessed 2022 CHDE would likely be reduced by *** towards 2100,under the highest emission scenario of SSP585,it was projected to substantially increase the frequency of CHDEs,with return periods reduced to one-third in the upstream and downstream,as well as halved in the *** findings provide valuable insights into the changing risks associated with forthcoming climate extremes,emphasizing the urgency of addressing these challenges in regional management and sustainable development.

关键词： Compound extreme event Joint return period Drought Heatwave Climate change Yangtze River Basin

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Synergistic effects of phosphoric acid modified hydrochar and coal gangue-based zeolite on bioavailability and accumulation of cadmium and lead in contaminated soil

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2022年第6期35卷 150-160页

作者： qilong ge qi Tian Sufang Wang Fang Zhu College of Environmental Science and Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China Department of Architecture and Environmental Engineering Taiyuan CollegeTaiyuan 030032China College of Civil Engineering Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China

In this paper,a novel compound was developed by mixing H_(3)PO_(4)-modified cauliflower leaves hydrochar(CLH)and coal gangue-based Na-X zeolite(ZL).An alkaline soil contaminated with cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)was amended through the individual and synergistic application of CLH and ZL(1%CLH,2%CLH,1%ZL,2%ZL and 1%CLH+1%ZL),and Chinese cabbage was grown on *** application of CLH was superior to ZL on decreasing the pH of alkaline soil and increasing soil available phosphorus(Olsen-P)and soil organic matter(SOM).In contrast,their combined application significantly improved the soil cation exchange capacity(CEC).Besides,the 1%CLH+1%ZL was the most efficient treatment in decreasing diethylenetriamine pentaacetate(DTPA)-extractable Cd/Pb and concentrations of these two metals in cabbage root and *** synergistic application could better increase Cd and Pb immobilization and cabbage yield than their alone ***,the immobilization of Pb for all treatments was higher than that of *** synergistic immobilization mechanism of CLH and ZL reflected that the CLH precipitated and complexed with these two metals,which may block the pores of hydrochar or wrap on the surface of *** the continuous adsorption and complexation were ***,ZL could probably alleviate this *** finding provides helpful information about using CLH combined with ZL as a soil stabilizer to immobilize heavy metals in contaminated alkaline soil.

关键词： H_(3)PO_(4)-modified hydrochar Coal gangue-based zeolite Mixture Immobilization Heavy metal pollution Soil remediation

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Enantioselective Synthesis of Benzimidazole Atropisomers Featuring a N-N Axis

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2024年第7期42卷 711-718页

作者： Fang-Bei ge qi-Kun Yin Chuan-Jun lu Xuan Xuan Jia Feng Ren-Rong Liu College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandong 266071China School of Pharmacy Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug EvaluationMinistry of EducationYantai UniversityYantaiShandong 264005China

Atroposelective synthesis of N-N atropisomers is an emerging area but remains underexplored;in particular,the synthesis of N-N benzimidazole atropisomers is still ***,the first enantioselective synthesis of N-N benzimidazole atropisomers via the palladium-catalyzed de novo construction of benzimidazole skeleton is *** readily available palladium catalyst and biphosphine ligand,a broad range of nonbiaryl benzimidazole and indole-benzimidazole atropisomers were conveniently ac-cessed in high yields and with excellent ***,these N-N benzimidazole atropisomers showed great anti-tumor activity and selectivity to breast cancer MCF-7 *** simple catalytic system,broad substrate scope,high enantioselectivi-ty,and good bioactivity make this approach highly attractive.

关键词： Asymmetric synthesis Atropisomerism Palladium Benzimidazole Antitumor

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Microbial Community Structure and Enzyme Activities in a Sequence of Copper-Polluted Soils

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Pedosphere 2011年第2期21卷 164-169页

作者： ge Chao-Rong ZHANG qi-Chun Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology The First Affiliated Hospital of College of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310003(China) Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 (China)

The microbial community structure and enzyme activities of seven paddy soils with different Cu concentrations were investigated in the vicinity of a Cu smelter in Fuyang County, Zhejiang Province in Southeast China. The microbial community structure was analyzed using the phospholipid fatty acid （PLFA） and multiplex-terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism （M-TRFLP） techniques. There was no clear dose-response relationship between Cu pollution and soil enzyme activity except for urease. Both PLFA and M-TRFLP methods showed that Cu contamination had a large effect on the soil microbial community structure. PLFA indicators of Gram-positive bacteria （16：0i, 15：0i） and fungi （18：2w6,9） relatively decreased with increasing Cu concentration, whereas indicators of Gram-negative bacteria （19：0cy, 16：1w7） increased. The M-TRFLP results suggested that there was a dose-dependent response between Cu pollution and bacterial community or fungal community. The fungal community was more sensitive to Cu pollution than the bacterial community. Therewere no significant differences in archaeal community structure between the different Cu pollution plots and axchaea might be more tolerant to Cu pollution than both bacteria and fungi.

关键词： axchaea bacteria fungi multiplex-terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism phospholipid fatty acid

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On the Curvature Conjecture of Hua Loo-Keng

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2012年第2期28卷 295-298页

作者： qi Keng lu Institute of Mathematics Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190 P.R.China

It is proved that both the holomorphic sectional and the bisectional curvatures of the conformal Bergman metric

关键词： Conformal metric curvature

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