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Solar evaporation for simultaneous oil-water separation and electricity generation with Janus wood-based absorbers

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 13-23页

作者： Yue Yang Ze Fu qi Zhang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of Environmental and Biological EngineeringNanjing University of Science&TechnologyNanjing 210094China Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering(Ministry of Education) School of Environmental Science and TechnologyDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresCollege of Engineering and Applied SciencesKey Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation(Ministry of Education)Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional MaterialsNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Oily wastewater from ocean oil spills endangers marine ecosystems and human health. Therefore, developing an effective and sustainable solution for separating oil-water mix.ures is urgent. Interfacial solar photothermal evaporation is a promising approach for the complete separation of two-phase mix.ures using only solar energy. Herein, we report a carbonized wood-based absorber with Janus structure of comprising a hydrophobic top-layer and an oleophobic bottom-layer for simultaneous solar-driven oil-water separation and electricity generation. Under sunlight irradiation, the rapid evaporation of seawater will induce a separation of oil-water mix.ures, and cause a high salt concentration region underlying the interface, while the bottom “bulk water” maintains in a low salt concentration, thus forming a salinity gradient. Electricity can be generated by salinity gradient power. Therefore, oil-water separation efficiency of > 99% and derived ex.ra electricity power of ~0.1 W/m2 is achieved under solar radiation, demonstrating the feasibility of oil-water separation and electricity production synchronously directly using solar energy. This work provides a green and cost-effective path for the separation of oil-water mix.ures.

关键词： Oily wastewater Carbonized wood Salinity gradient Electricity generation Solar irradiation

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Greedy Lattice Paths with General Weights

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2024年第9期40卷 2213-2222页

作者： Yin Shan CHANG An qi ZHENG College of Mathematics Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065P.R.China

Let{x.(v):v∈Z^(d)}be *** *** S(π)=Σ_(v∈π)x.(v)be the weight of a self-avoiding lattice pathπ.Let M_(n)=max.S(π):πhas length n and starts from the origin}.We are interested in the asymptotics of Mn as n→∞.This model is closely related to the first passage percolation when the weights{x.(v):v∈Z^(d)}are non-positive and it is closely related to the last passage percolation when the weights{x.(v):v∈Z^(d)}are *** general weights,this model could be viewed as an interpolation between first passage models and last passage ***,this model is also closely related to a variant of the position of right-most particles of branching random *** the two assumptions that∃α>0,E(x.(0)^(+))^(d)(log^(+)x.(0)^(+))^(d+α)x.(0)^(−)]x.sts a finite real number M such that Mn/n converges to a deterministic constant M in L^(1)as n tends to *** under the stronger assumptions that∃α>0,E(x.(0)^(+))^(d)(log^(+)x.(0)^(+))^(d+α)x.(0)^(−))^(4)]<+∞,we prove that M_(n)/n converges to the same constant M almost surely as n tends to infinity.

关键词： Last passage percolation first passage percolation greedy lattice path

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Devolatilization of high viscous fluids with high gravity technology

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第7期71卷 249-257页

作者： Jibing qi Youzhi Liu Yandong Liu Taiyuan University Taiyuan 030032China Shanx. Province Key Laboratory of Higee-Oriented Chemical Engineering North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China

Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)are generally tox.c and harmful substances that can cause health and environmental *** removal of VOCs from polymers has become a key *** effective devolatilization to remove VOCs from high viscous fluids such as polymer is necessary and is of great *** this study,the devolatilization effect of a rotating packed bed(RPB)was studied by using polydimethylsilox.ne as the viscous fluid and acetone as the *** devolatilization rate and liquid phase volume(KLa)have been *** results indicated that the optimum conditions were the high-gravity factor of 60,liquid flow rate of 10 L·h^(-1),and vacuum degree of 0.077 *** dimensionless correlation of KLa was established,and the deviations between predicted and ex.erimental values were less than±28%.The high-gravity technology will result in lower mass transfer resistance in the devolatilization process,enhance the mass transfer process of acetone,and improve the removal effect of *** work provides a promising path for the removal of volatiles from polymers in combination with high-gravity *** can provide the basis for the application of RPB in viscous fluids.

关键词： High-gravity technology Devolatilization rate High viscous fluid Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)

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百年变局背景下国际直接投资趋势与政策展望

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国际经济评论 2024年第2期170卷 71-94,5,6页

作者：詹晓宁齐凡吴琦琦联合国贸易和发展组织投资和企业司南开大学国际经济研究所

全球一体化生产网络正在广泛和深刻地分化重组。本文通过梳理全球国际直接投资的历史演变和现实状态,对未来国际直接投资的格局做出研判。本文基于全球治理变革、新技术革命、产业政策主导以及可持续发展浪潮四大关键推动因素,推断未来... 详细信息

全球一体化生产网络正在广泛和深刻地分化重组。本文通过梳理全球国际直接投资的历史演变和现实状态,对未来国际直接投资的格局做出研判。本文基于全球治理变革、新技术革命、产业政策主导以及可持续发展浪潮四大关键推动因素,推断未来国际投资生产格局将围绕着东亚、北美和西欧三大区域轴心,朝着十大方向转变。其中包括产业链的区域化、产业链缩短、投资的轻资产化、服务附加值份额增长、市场导向型外国直接投资(FDI)上升、中间品贸易下行、生产定制化转变、基础设施和公共服务领域FDI增长以及绿色经济、蓝色经济和循环经济投资成为投资促进的重点。最后,结合预测结论,本文对中国吸收外资、对外投资工作重点、促进投融资动态平衡、产业链重塑、可持续发展以及服务业提升六个方面提出了若干建议。

关键词：国际直接投资全球产业链国际投资政策环境、社会和公司治理最低所得税率改革

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Characteristics and Genesis of Acid Drainage Contamination from a Rock Tunneling Project Site

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第1期35卷 190-200页

作者： Yanyun Li Zejiao Luo Shihua qi Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Basin Environmental Aquatic Science School of Environmental StudiesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China

While acid mine drainage(AMD)issues have become a topic of global concern,few studies have focused on acid drainage problems of non-mining *** conducted field research and a series of laboratory ex.eriments to investigate the characteristics,release processes and formation of acid drainage *** rock samples and adjacent surface water,groundwater,soil and sediment samples were collected at a railway tunnel construction site in central China,and various parameters,such as the p H,mineral ion concentrations,and heavy metal concentrations,were *** on the measured concentrations,surface water and sediments were seriously contaminated by acids,sulfate salts and heavy *** in surface water showed a decreasing tendency as the distance from the spoils increased,while that in sediments showed a greater influence of coprecipitation and adsorption processes of heavy metal *** eluviation ex.eriments of three rock samples indicated that R2(silty fine sandstone)was the most likely major acid drainage *** ferroox.dans was cultured and isolated from contaminated water to study the ox.dation conditions during the release *** significant release of acid drainage when air and bacteria were both in the culture container suggested that ox.gen and bacteria were necessary to produce acid drainage from spoils.

关键词： acid mine drainage heavy metals leaching ox.dation

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Deciphering and integrating invariants for neural operator learning with various physical mechanisms

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 111-122页

作者： Rui Zhang qi Meng Zhi-Ming Ma Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) Microsoft Research

Neural operators have been ex.lored as surrogate models for simulating physical systems to overcome the limitations of traditional partial differential equation(PDE) solvers. However, most ex.sting operator learning methods assume that the data originate from a single physical mechanism, limiting their applicability and performance in more realistic scenarios. To this end, we propose the physical invariant attention neural operator(PIANO) to decipher and integrate the physical invariants for operator learning from the PDE series with various physical mechanisms. PIANO employs self-supervised learning to ex.ract physical knowledge and attention mechanisms to integrate them into dynamic convolutional *** to ex.sting techniques, PIANO can reduce the relative error by 13.6%–82.2% on PDE forecasting tasks across varying coefficients, forces or boundary conditions. Additionally, varied downstream tasks reveal that the PI embeddings deciphered by PIANO align well with the underlying invariants in the PDE systems, verifying the physical significance of PIANO.

关键词： neural operator PDE solver contrastive learning physical invariants

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Ex.erimental study on the activation of coal gasification fly ash from industrial CFB gasifiers

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期65卷 8-18页

作者： qiyao Yang x.aobin qi qinggang Lyu Zhiping Zhu North China Electric Power University Beijing 102206China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Shanx. Key Laboratory of Coal Flex.ble Combustion and Thermal Conversion Datong 037000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Shanx. Engineering Research Center of Coal Clean Efficient Combustion and GasificationDatong 037000China

Coal gasification fly ash(CGFA)is an industrial solid waste from the coal circulating fluidized bed(CFB)gasification process,and it needs to be effectively disposed to achieve sustainable development of the *** realize the application of CGFA as a precursor of porous carbon materials,the physicochemical properties of three kinds of CGFA from industrial CFB gasifiers are ***,the activation potential of CGFA is acquired via steam activation ex.eriments in a tube furnace ***,the fluidization activation technology of CGFA is practiced in a bench-scale CFB test rig,and its advantages are *** results show that CGFA is characterized by a high carbon content in the range of 54.06%–74.09%,an ultrafine particle size(d50:16.3–26.1 μm),and a relatively developed pore structure(specific surface area SSA:139.29–551.97 m^(2)·g^(-1)).The proportion of micropores in CGFA increases gradually with the coal *** activation ex.eriments show that the pore development of CGFA mainly includes three stages:initial pore development,dynamic equilibrium between micropores and mesopores and pore *** SSA of lignite fly ash(LFA),subbituminous fly ash(SBFA)and anthracite fly ash(AFA)is max.mally increased by 105%,13%and 72%after steam activation;the order of the largest carbon reaction rate and decomposition ratio of steam among the three kinds of CGFA is SBFA>LFA>*** the ratio of ox.gen to carbon during the fluidization activation of LFA is from 0.09 to 0.19,the carbon conversion ratio increases from 14.4%to 26.8%and the cold gas efficiency increases from 6.8%to 10.2%.The SSA of LFA increases by up to 53.9%during the fluidization activation process,which is mainly due to the mesoporous *** to steam activation in a tube furnace reactor,fluidization activation takes an ex.remely short time(seconds)to achieve the same activation *** is ex.ected to further improve the activation effect of LFA by regulating the carbo

关键词： Circulating fluidized bed Coal gasification fly ash Steam activation Pore structure evolution Fluidization activation

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Trial characteristics and treatment effect estimates in randomized controlled trials of Chinese herbal medicine: A meta-epidemiological study

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第3期22卷 223-234页

作者： Betty H.Wang Ya-li Lin Yin-yan Gao Jin-lu Song Lang qin Ling-qi Li Wen-qi Liu Claire C.W.Zhong Mary Y.Jiang Chen Mao x.ao-bo Yang Vincent C.H.Chung Irene x.Y.Wu Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care the Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China x.angya School of Public Health Central South UniversityChangsha 410006Hunan ProvinceChina School of Chinese Medicine the Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China School of Public Health Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510080Guangdong ProvinceChina State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510120Guangdong ProvinceChina Chinese Medicine Syndrome Research Team the Second Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510120Guangdong ProvinceChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Guangzhou 510120Guangdong ProvinceChina Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology Central South UniversityChangsha 410006Hunan ProvinceChina

Background:Previously published meta-epidemiological studies focused on Western medicine have identified some trial characteristics that impact the treatment effect of randomized controlled trials(RCTs).Nevertheless,it remains unclear if similar associations ex.st in RCTs on Chinese herbal medicine(CHM).Further,Chinese medicine-related characteristics have not been ex.lored ***:To investigate trial characteristics related to treatment effect estimates on CHM *** strategy:This meta-epidemiological study searched 5 databases for systematic reviews on CHM treatment published between January 2011 and July *** criteria:An eligible systematic review should only include RCTs of CHM and conduct at least one *** ex.raction and analysis:Two reviewers independently conducted data ex.raction on general characteristics of systematic reviews,meta-analyses and included *** also assessed the risk of bias of RCTs using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.A two-step approach was used for data *** ratio of odds ratios(ROR) and difference in standardized mean differences (dSMD) with 95%confidence interval (CI) were applied to present the difference in effect estimates for binary and continuous outcomes,***:Ninety-one systematic reviews,comprising 1338 RCTs were *** binary outcomes,RCTs incorporated with syndrome differentiation (ROR:1.23;95%CI:[1.07,1.39]),adopting Chinese medicine formula (ROR:1.19;95%CI:[1.03,1.34]),with low risk of bias on incomplete outcome data (ROR:1.29;95%CI:[1.06,1.52]) and selective outcome reporting (ROR:1.12;95%CI:[1.01,1.24]),as well as a trial size≥100 (ROR:1.23;95%CI:[1.04,1.42]) preferred to show larger effect *** for continuous outcomes,RCTs with Chinese medicine diagnostic criteria (dSMD:0.23;95%CI:[0.06,0.41]),judged as high/unclear risk of bias on allocation concealment (dSMD:-0.70;95%CI:[-0.99,-0.42]),with low risk of bias on incomplete outcome data (dSMD:0.30

关键词： Chinese herbal medicine Randomized controlled trial Risk of bias Meta-epidemiological study Effect estimates

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Visual ex.erimental study of nanofluids application to promote CO_(2) absorption in a bubble column

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第3期67卷 228-237页

作者： Shangyuan Cheng Guisheng qi Yuliang Li Yix.an Yang Shanx. Province Key Laboratory of Higee-Oriented Chemical Engineering North University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China

The addition of dispersed-phase nanoparticles in the liquid phase can enhance the gas-liquid transfer process as the suspended nanoparticles affect the transfer process inside the fluid through microdisturbance or micro-convection *** this article,a high-speed digital camera was used to visualize the bubble behavior of CO_(2) in pure water and nanofluids to ex.mine the effects of CO_(2) gas flow rate,nanoparticle solid content and type on the bubble behavior in the *** CO_(2) absorption performance in three water-based nanofluids were compared in a *** the mass transfer characteristics during CO_(2) bubble absorption and the reasons for the enhanced gas-liquid mass transfer effect of nanoparticles were *** results showed that the presence of nanoparticles affected the formation process of bubbles in the fluid,shortened the bubble detachment time,reduced the detachment diameter,effectively increased the gas-liquid contact area,and improved the bubbles detachment *** system with MCM-41 corresponded to a higher overall mass transfer *** MCM-41 contained surfactant that enhanced foaming behavior in *** prevented the transfer of CO_(2) to some ex.ent,and the CO_(2) absorption by uncalined MCM-41/H_(2)O was 5.34%higher than that by pure *** with SiO_(2) nanoparticles with the same particle size and the same composition,MCM-41 had a higher adsorption capacity and better hydrophilicity due to its larger specific surface area and rich porous structure,which was more favorable to accelerate the collision between nanoparticles and CO_(2) bubbles to cause *** the condition of 0.1%(mass)solid content,the enhancement of CO_(2) absorption process by MCM-41 nanoparticles was more significant and improved by 16.9%compared with pure water.

关键词： Nanofluids CO_(2) absorption Mass transfer MCM-41 Bubble column

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State-sensitive convolutional sparse coding for potential biomarker identification in brain signals

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 270-286页

作者： Puli WANG Yu qi Gang PAN College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University State Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence Zhejiang University MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-machine Integration Zhejiang University Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine

The identification of prototypical waveforms, such as sleep spindles and epileptic spikes, is crucial for the diagnosis of neurological disorders. These prototypical waveforms are usually recurrently presented in certain brain states, serving as potential biomarkers for clinical evaluations. Convolutional sparse coding(CSC) approaches have demonstrated strength in identifying recurrent patterns in time-series. However,ex.sting CSC approaches do not ex.licitly ex.lore state-specific patterns, making it difficult to identify state-related biomarkers. To address this problem, we propose state-sensitive CSC to learn state-specific prototypical waveforms. Specifically, we model signals of a certain state with specific waveforms that only appear frequently in this state and background waveforms that are independent of states. Based on this,state-sensitive CSC separates state-specific waveforms from background ones ex.licitly by incorporating incoherence constraints into optimizations. Ex.eriments with epilepsy brain signals demonstrate that our approach can effectively identify prototypical waveforms in pre-ictal states, providing potential biomarkers for seizure prediction. Our approach provides a promising tool for automatic biomarker candidate identification.

关键词： convolutional sparse coding prototypical waveforms state-specific dictionary biomarker identification neural signal processing

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