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Catalytic Elimination of Oxygenated Byproducts in the Toluene Methylation Process

China Petroleum Processing & Petrochemical Technology 2023年第2期25卷 65-73页

作者： hou Min qi Xiaolan Zheng Junlin State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis SINOPEC Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology Co.Ltd.Shanghai 201208China

Catalytic methylation of toluene with methanol is an important alternative pathway for xylene production.Previous studies have indicated that methanol always undergoes several side reactions on acidic zeolites,resulting in oxygencontaining byproducts such as dimethyl ethers,ketones,and carboxylic acids.Herein,the presence and distribution of the oxygenated compounds formed during toluene methylation were firstly examined by systematic chromatographic analysis.Plausible formation mechanisms for the various oxygenates are discussed.The most problematic byproduct is found to be acetic acid,which can lead to inferior product quality and damage downstream units.A feasible solution is presented for oxygenate removal after toluene methylation,in which acetic acid is eliminated by catalytic decomposition into low-boilingpoint acetone over a MgO catalyst.This process allows for all of the low-boiling-point oxygenates,including methanol,dimethyl ether,acetone,and butanone,to be removed from the aromatics phase,taking advantage of the temperature of the reaction effluent and standard distillation equipment.X-ray diffraction was used to characterize the crystal phase of the fresh and used MgO decarbonylation catalysts,while thermogravimetry/mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were applied to investigate the transformation mechanism of acetic acid over the decarbonylation catalyst.CO insertion and ketonization of acetic acid accounted for the formation and elimination of acetic acid,respectively.The combined methylation/decarbonylation process should enable the production of high-quality xylenes,an important industrial feedstock,by overcoming the main technical obstacles associated with the toluene methylation process.

关键词： xylene catalytic methylation decarbonylation toluene MgO catalyst

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New seco-dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans with nitric oxide production inhibitory activity from the roots of Kadsura longipedunculata

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2020年第2期31卷 423-426页

作者： Xinzhu qi Jiabao Liu Jiabao Chen Qi Hou Shuai Li State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100050China

Four new seco-dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans,kadlongilignans A-D(1-4),consisting of a rare 6,7-seco-(1),two 15,16-seco-(2 and 3) and a 9,10-seco-dibenzocyclooctadiene(4) lignans,were isolated from the roots of Kadsura longipedunculata.Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis,including extensive NM R,MS and ECD(electronic circular dichroism) spectra.Compounds 3 and 4 exhibited potent inhibitory activities against NO(nitric oxide) production of LPS(lipopolysaccharide)-induced murine macrophages with the inhibition rates of 36.3% and 26.9%,respectively.

关键词： Kadsura longipedunculata Seco-dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans Kadlongilignans A-D Spectroscopic analysis NO production inhibition

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Local and systemic inflammation triggers different outcomes of tumor growth related to infiltration of anti-tumor or pro-tumor macrophages

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第15期135卷 1821-1828页

作者： Xinghan Liu qi Jiang Sunan Shen Yayi hou The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Division of ImmunologyMedical SchoolNanjng UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210093China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210093China

Background: Previous evidence suggests inflammation may be a double-edged sword with cancer-promoting and cancer suppressing function. In this study, we explore the impact of local and systemic inflammation on cancer growth.Methods: Female BALB/C mice were subcutaneously implanted with foreign body (plastic plates) to build up a local inflammation and intraperitoneally injected with PolyIC or lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to build up a systemic inflammation, followed by subcutaneous injection of5 × 105 colon cancer cells. Immunohistochemistry and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay were utilized to detect the Ki67 and interleukin (IL) 6, IL-1β, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in the tumor tissues and serum, respectively. The distributions of immune cells and expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs) were evaluated by flow cytometry (FCM) and quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction.Results: The results showed that local inflammation induced by foreign body implantation suppressed tumor growth with decreased tumor weight (P = 0.001), volume (P = 0.004) and Ki67 index (P < 0.001). Compared with the control group, myeloid-derived suppressive cells sharply decreased (P = 0.040), while CD4+ T cells slightly increased in the tumor tissues of the group of foreign body-induced local inflammation (P = 0.035). Moreover, the number of M1 macrophages (P = 0.040) and expression of TLRs, especially TLR3 (P < 0.001) and TLR4 (P < 0.001), were significantly up-regulated in the foreign body group. Contrarily, tumor growth was significantly promoted in LPS or PolyIC-induced systemic inflammation (P = 0.009 and 0.006). FCM results showed M1 type macrophages (P = 0.017 and 0.006) and CD8+ T cells (P = 0.031 and 0.023) were decreased, while M2 type macrophages (P = 0.002 and 0.007) were significantly increased in tumor microenvironment of LPS or PolyIC-induced systemic inflammation group. In addition, the decreased expression of TLRs was detected in LPS or PolyIC group.Conclusions: The foreign body-induced local in

关键词： Inflammation Cancer Macrophage Toll-like receptor

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Challenges in Treatment of Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome and Opportunities for Chinese Medicine

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2020年第7期26卷 483-485页

作者： hou Jia-qi XUE Luan Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai(200437)China

Primary Sjogren’s syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease that can lead to systemic manifestations.At present,immunomodulatory agents have not shown good efocacy,many patients in China seek Chinese medicine treatment.Chinese medicine can comprehensively improve the symptoms of patients through Chinese pattern diagnosis and individualized treatment.Fundamental researches are providing scientioc bases for the therapeutic effect of Chinese medicine.Professional Chinese medicine treatment can be integrated into the conventional management of primary Sjogren’s syndrome.

关键词： primary Sjogren's syndrome immunomodulatory agents Chinese medicine

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Long-Term Settlement Characterization of High-Filling Foundation in the Mountain Excavation and City Construction Area of the Yan’an New District,China

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Journal of Earth Science 2023年第6期34卷 1908-1915页

作者： Xiaokun hou Shengwen qi Yongtang Yu Jianguo Zheng Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Innovation Academy for Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China China United Northwest Institute for Engineering Design&Research Co. Ltd.Xi'an 710077China China Jikan Research Institute of Engineering Investigations and Design Co. Ltd.Xi'an 710021China

Mountain Excavation and City Construction(MECC)represents a prominent anthropogenic endeavor aimed at facilitating urban expansion in the Loess Plateau of China.It is important to comprehend the long-term settlement behavior at MECC engineering sites to effectively assess the project’s success in reshaping landscapes and expanding urban areas.In this study,a typical MECC project,specifically the upstream area of the Liujiagou Valley within the new district of Yan’an City,is selected as a case study to investigate long-term settlement characteristics.The research involved conducting creep tests on soil samples with varying dry densities and moisture content and continuous in-situ monitoring of ground surface settlement at 17 specific points.Furthermore,a numerical model was developed and calibrated using the in-situ monitoring data to predict the long-term settlement.The findings reveal that an increase in soil dry density and a decrease in soil water content contribute to reduced deformation.Notably,settlement primarily manifests within the filled areas,with greater soil thickness exacerbating settlement effects.Over time,cumulative settlement exhibits a progressively diminishing rate of deformation until it attains a stable state.These results provide insights for assessing the long-term stability of MECC projects,facilitating decision-making in future endeavors within this region.

关键词： Loess Plateau of China long-term settlement in-situ observation numerical analysis engineering geology

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Numerical study of the cross-shore range and the intensity of the Nearshore Kuroshio Branch Current(NKBC)

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2022年第1期40卷 37-54页

作者： Jie YAN Yijun hou Peng qi Fang HU CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of oceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Laboratory for Ocean and Climate Dynamics Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China

Temperature and salinity data,obtained by two snapshot surveys during 19-20 May 2019 and 12-25 September 2019 across the East China Sea(ECS)shelf,revealed that the Kuroshio intrusion to the north of 28°N comprised the Nearshore Kuroshio Branch Current(NKBC)and the Off shore Kuroshio Branch Current(OKBC)at the bottom of the ECS during spring 2019,and that the NKBC was weak during autumn 2019.The Regional Ocean Model System was used to reproduce the distribution of water masses and the current structure over the continental shelf of the ECS during 2019.Analyses of the momentum balances indicated that the cross-shore range and the intensity of the NKBC were determined by the combination of the geostrophic fl ow and bottom Ekman current.In comparison with that in May 2019,a weakened shoreward bottom Ekman current and an increased off shoreward geostrophic fl ow caused the disappearance of cross-shore range of the NKBC in September 2019.Meanwhile,a diminished northeastward alongshore geostrophic fl ow in September 2019 also weakened the intensity of the NKBC.Sensitivity experiments indicated that a strong southwestward wind can push the western(eastern)boundary of the NKBC further off shoreward(shoreward)by increasing(decreasing)the off shore geostrophic fl ow(bottom Ekman current).A weak Taiwan Warm Current(TWC)can move the eastern boundary of the NKBC shoreward by decreasing the onshore bottom Ekman current.A weak Kuroshio Current(KC)can move the eastern boundary of the NKBC shoreward by increasing the off shoreward geostrophic fl ow.Furthermore,a strong(weak)southwestward wind,weak(strong)TWC,and strong(weak)KC can diminish(enhance)the intensity of the NKBC.Of the three factors,the wind plays the major role in infl uencing the NKBC.

关键词： East China Sea Nearshore Kuroshio Branch Current(NKBC) Regional Ocean Model System(ROMS) ocean modeling

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Typhoon wind hazard model and estimation on return period of typhoon wind speed

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第2期39卷 420-436页

作者： Yunxia GUO Yijun hou Peng qi Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Laboratory for Ocean and Climate Dynamics Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China Center for Ocean Mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China

Typhoons are one of the most serious natural disasters that occur annually on China’s southeast coast.A technique for analyzing the typhoon wind hazard was developed based on the empirical track model,and used to generate 1000-year virtual typhoons for Northwest Pacific basin.The influences of typhoon decay model,track model,and the extreme value distribution on the predicted extreme wind speed were investigated.We found that different typhoon decay models have least influence on the predicted extreme wind speed.Over most of the southeast coast of China,the predicted wind speed by the non-simplified empirical track model is larger than that from the simplified tracking model.The extreme wind speed predicted by different extreme value distribution is quite different.Four super typhoons Meranti(2016),Hato(2017),Mangkhut(2018)and Lekima(2019)were selected and the return periods of typhoon wind speeds along the China southeast coast were estimated in order to assess the typhoon wind hazard.

关键词： typhoon empirical track model decay model extreme wind speed return period

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Investigation on the Deformation and Failure Patterns of Loess Cut Slope Based on the Unsaturated Triaxial Test in Yan'an,China

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第1期35卷 235-247页

作者： Lina Ma Shengwen qi Songfeng Guo qiangbing Huang Xiaokun hou Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geoengineering Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Innovation Academy for Earth Science Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Geological Engineering Chang'an UniversityXi'an 710054China

The large-scale implementation of the Gully Stabilization and Land Reclamation(GSLR)project induces various failures of loess slopes due to excavation in Yan'an,China.However,the deformation and failure behavior of these excavated loess slopes have not been fully understood.In this study,field investigation was undertaken for analyzing the distributions and failure features of excavation-induced loess slope failures.It is found that plastic failure mainly occurs in Q_(3) loess layers and brittle failure in Q_(2).To understand the underlying failure mechanism,a series of triaxial shear tests were conducted on intact Q_(3) and Q_(2) loess samples that with different water contents,namely natural water content(natural),dry side of the natural value(drying 5%),and wet side(wetting 5%).The characteristics of stress-strain curves and failure modes of the samples were analyzed.Results show that the stress-strain curves of Q_(2) samples are dominated by strain-softening characteristics,while Q_(3) samples mainly exhibit strain-harden features except in the drying state.Correspondingly,shear failures of Q_(3) specimens are mainly caused by shear crack planes(single,X or V-shaped).For Q_(2) loess,the dominance of tensile cracks is observed on the surface of damaged specimens.These disclose the different failure modes of excavated slopes located in different strata,that is,the arc sliding failure of Q_(3) loess slopes and the stepped tensile failure of Q_(2) loess slopes,and are helpful in the design and management of the ongoing GSLR projects in the Loess Plateau.

关键词： loess slope slope stability failure patterns deformation

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Low‑Carbon‑Emission Hot Stamping:A Review from the Perspectives of Steel Grade,Heating Process,and Part Design

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Automotive Innovation 2023年第3期6卷 324-339页

作者： Zeran hou Yi Liu qi He Jianfeng Wang Junying Min School of Mechanical Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 201804China China Science Lab General Motors Global Research and DevelopmentShanghai 201206China

Hot stamping steels have become a crucial strategy for achieving lightweighting and enhancing crash safety in the automo-tive industry over the past two decades.However,the carbon emissions of the materials and their related stamping processes have been frequently overlooked.It is essential to consider these emissions during the design stage.Emerging materials and technologies in hot stamping pose challenges to the automotive industry's future development in carbon emission reduc-tion.This review discusses the promising materials for future application and their special features,as well as the emerging manufacturing and part design processes that have extended the limit of application for new materials.Advanced heating processes and corresponding equipment have been proven to improve heating efficiency and control temperature uniformity.The material utilization and the overall performance of the components are improved by tailored blanks and an integrated part design approach.To achieve low-carbon-emission(LCE)hot stamping,it is necessary to systematically consider the steel grade,heating process,and part design,rather than solely focusing on reducing carbon emissions during the manufacturing process stage.This review aims to present the latest progress in steel grade,heating process,and part design of hot stamping in the automotive industry,providing solutions for LCE from a holistic perspective.

关键词： Low-carbon-emission Hot stamping Steel grade Heating process Part design

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Local State Capacity and Uneven Taxation across Industrial Firms

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China & World Economy 2024年第3期32卷 191-214页

作者： Linke hou Zhikuo Liu qi Zhang Xiaolu Zhao the Economic Research Center Shandong UniversityChina China Center for Economic Studies Fudan UniversityChina School of Economics Ocean University of ChinaChina

In this research we investigate the association between local state capacity(LSC)and effective tax burdens(ETBs)on industrial firms within counties between 1998 and 2013.The LSC measures a state's capacity for policy implementation and specifically its ability to acquire low-cost agricultural land for nonagricultural(industrial or commercial)purposes.Based on China's government-led development experience since the 1990s,we draw on two unique household survey datasets to capture LSC at county level.We find robust evidence that greater LSC was associated with much lower ETBs on large industrial firms.This taxation pattern implies local government's primary reliance on larger manufacturing firms,while the ETBs for small-and-medium enterprises are not as prominently addressed.This research highlights that LSC can affect both the amount of revenue a local government can generate and the methods it uses to collect these revenues.

关键词： China effective tax burdens land requisition local government local state capacity

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