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A Diagnostic Study of Heavy Rainfall in Karachi Due to Merging of a Mesoscale Low and a Diffused Tropical Depression during South Asian Summer Monsoon

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2005年第3期22卷 375-391页

作者： Ghulam RASUL qamar-uz-zaman chaudhry 赵思雄曾庆存齐琳琳张高英 Meteorological Service of PakistanP.O.Box 1214 Islamabad-Pakistan Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 Graduate SchoolChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100039 Meteorological Service of PakistanP.O.Box 1214 Islamabad-Pakistan Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029

This paper presents the results of a diagnostic study of a typical case of very heavy rainfall during the South Asian summer monsoon when a mesoscale low in a desert climate merged with a diffused tropical depression. The former low was located over Pakistan's desert region and the latter depression originated over the Bay of Bengal. Surface and NCEP reanalysis data supported by satellite and radar images were incorporated in the diagnosis. The relationship between the heavy precipitation process and large-scale circulations such as monsoon trough, subtropical high, westerly jet, low level jet and water vapor transport were investigated to further understand the mechanism of this peculiar interaction. It was found that: (1) the mesoscale low developed as a result of cold air advection aloft from northern latitudes and strong convection over the region of humidity convergence on 24 July 2003 over the Indian Rajistan area. (2) On the same day, a low that formed over the Bay of Bengal was transformed into a monsoon depression and moved westward to the mesoscale low which existed over southwest India and the adjoining southeastern parts of Pakistan. (3) Initially, the mesoscale low received moisture supply from both the Bay of Bengal as well as the Arabian Sea, whereas the Bay of Bengal maintained the continuous supply of moisture to the monsoon depression. (4) After the depression crossed central India, the Bay's moisture supply was cut off and the Arabian Sea became the-only source of moisture to both the closely located systems. On 27 July, both of the systems merged together and the merger resulted in a heavy downpour in the Karachi metropolitan and in its surroundings. (5) With the intensification as well as the southeastward extension of the subtropical high and the shift of the monsoon trough axis from southwest-west to northeast-east, the monsoon depression moved southwestward. In this situation, there existed a very favourable condition for a merger of the two

关键词： mesoscale low tropical depression heavy downpour cross-latitude influence

Depositional facies and reservoir characteristics of the Early Cretaceous Lower Goru Formation,Lower Indus Basin Pakistan:Integration of petrographic and gamma-ray log analysis

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Petroleum 2023年第3期9卷 331-341页

作者： qamar uz zaman Dar Pu Renhai Shahid Ghazi Shakeel Ahme Rana Imran Ali Mubashir Mehmood Department of Geology Northwest UniversityXi'an710069China Institute of Geology University of the PunjabLahore54000Pakistan Oil and Gas Development Company Limited Islamabad44000Pakistan Kuwait Foreign Petroleum Exploration Company(Kufpec) Islamabad44000Pakistan Department of Geology Abdul Wali Khan UniversityMardan23130Pakistan

The sand intervals of the Early Cretaceous Lower Goru Formation are a conventional reservoir,generally distributed in the Middle and Lower Indus Basin of *** formation is classified into two parts;the upper parts are predominantly composed of shale,siltstone,and thin layers of alternate shale and sandstone,while the lower parts are composed of sandstone with interlayering of shale and *** sandstone of the Lower Goru Formation has been further divided into A,B,C,and D sand intervals based on reservoir *** depositional facies and reservoir characteristics are essential for the evaluation of hydrocarbon exploration and *** paper aims to evaluate the depositional environment and reservoir characterization of the siliciclastic reservoir of the Early Cretaceous Lower Goru Formation by integrating the gamma-ray log patterns and petrographic analysis and scanning electron microscopic(SEM)*** characterization of the sand intervals and Gamma-ray log signatures were used for the interpretation of the depositional environment of the reservoir *** analysis reveals that the sandstone of the Lower Goru Formation is fine-to medium-grained,well-sorted,arkose or feldspathic *** intergranular macroporosity,secondary intragranular macropores,and Intercrystalline micropores were identified within the sandstone by the SEM *** diagenetic analysis suggests that the sandstone possesses high porosity,low permeability,and has undergone significant alterations such as compaction,quartz cementation,feldspar dissolution,and clay minerals *** electrofacies are interpreted based on gamma-ray log patterns including(1)funnel shape(FA);(2)bell shape(FB);(3)cylindrical shape(FC);(4)bow shape(FD);and(5)serrated shape(FE)*** interpreted facies results reveal shoreface environment for A-sand,Tidal flat for B-sand,mixed tidal flat for C sand,Tide dominated mixed fo

关键词： Depositional facies Early cretaceous Electrofacies Gamma-ray pattern Lower goru Petrographic analysis

An investigation into the potential of Gabor wavelet features for scene classification in wild blueberry fields

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2021年第1期5卷 72-81页

作者： Gashaw Ayalew qamar uz zaman Arnold W.Schumann David C.Percival Young Ki Chang Independent Researcher ThoroldON L2V 1Z8Canada Engineering Department Dalhousie University Faculty of AgricultureTruroNS B2N 5E3Canada Citrus Research and Education Centre University of FloridaLake AlfredFL33850USA Plant Animal and Environmental Sciences DepartmentDalhousie University Faculty of AgricultureTruroNS B2N 5E3Canada

A Gabor wavelets based technique was investigated as a potential tool for scene classification(into one of bare patch,plant,or weed)for its ultimate utility in site-specific application of agrochemicals inwild blueberry *** were gathered from five sites located in central Nova Scotia,*** wavelet features extracted from these images were used to classify scenes according to visually determined classes using step-wise linear discriminant *** individual fields,classification accuracy attained ranged between 87.9%and 98.3%;selected Gabor features ranged between 27 and 72;contextual accuracy for herbicide ranged between 67.5%and 96.7%,and contextual accuracy for fertilizer ranged between 63.6%and 97.1%.The pooled scenes yielded a classification accuracy of 81.4%,and contextual accuracy figures of 61.1%and 73.1%for herbicide and fertilizer,respectively,with selected Gabor features of *** based on LDA coefficients from the pooled scenes could help avoid the need to re-calibrate for each field,whereas those based on individual field LDA coefficients could improve accuracy,hence enable saving on expensive agrochemicals.

关键词： Wavelet transforms Wild blueberry Computer vision Machine learning Discriminant analysis Precision agriculture

Role of Ca^(2+) on Growth of Brassica campestris *** ***(L.) Czern & Coss under Na^+ Stress

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第6期52卷 549-555页

作者： Badr-uz-zaman M.Salim Rehana Asghar Land Resources Research Programme Institute of Natural Resources and Environmental SciencesNational Agricultural Research Centre Department of Botany University of Arid Agriculture

Root and shoot growth of Brassica campestris L. and B. juncea increased significantly （P 〈 0.01） with enhanced Ca2＋ treatment along with 60 mM NaCl in the root medium. The maximum fresh mass of shoot and root in *** was recorded at 10 mM Ca2＋ concentration. The relative growth rate of shoot of both species reached its maximum at 8 mM of Ca2＋ concentration. Average rate of Ca2＋ intake （lCa） was higher in B. juncea than 6. campestris. In B. juncea, the average transport of Ca2＋ to shoot increased by 19%, 38%, 119%, 125% and 169% compared with the control. Furthermore specific utilization rate of Ca2＋ was higher in B. juncea than B. campestris. In B. campestris it increased by 9%, 32%, 41% and 59% at 4, 6, 8, and 10 mM of calcium in comparison to 2 mM Ca2＋ treatment. At 4, 6, 8 and 10 mM of Ca2＋ application, the increase in the leaf area ratio was 10,17, 23 and 30%, respectively. In the shoot and root portions of B. campestris and ***, Ca2＋ had a linear relationship with potassium and sulfur, whereas it was in antagonism with sodium ion.

关键词： Coss under Na Czern Stress

Seismic fragility assessment of existing sub-standard low strength reinforced concrete structures

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2015年第3期14卷 439-452页

作者： Sohaib Ahmad Nicolas Kyriakides Kypros Pilakoutas Kyriacos Neocleous Qaiser uz zaman Dept. of Civil and Structural Engineering University of Sheffield Dept. of Civil Engineering and Geomatics Cyprus University of Technology Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Engineering and Technology

An analytical seismic fragility assessment framework is presented for the existing low strength reinforced concrete structures more common in the building stock of the developing *** realistic modelling of such substandard structures,low strength concrete stress-strain and bond-slip capacity models are included in calibrating material *** capacity parameters are generated stochastically to produce building population and cyclic pushover analysis is carried out to capture inelastic *** period values are evaluated corresponding to each displacement step on the capacity curves and used as seismic demand.A modified capacity demand diagram method is adopted for the degrading structures,which is further used to evaluate peak ground acceleration from back analysis considering each point on the capacity curve as performance *** developing fragility curves,the mean values of peak ground acceleration are evaluated corresponding to each performance point on the series of capacity curves.A suitable probability distribution function is adopted for the secant period scatter at different mean peak ground acceleration values and probability of exceedance of limit states is evaluated.A suitable regression function is used for developing fragility curves and regression coefficients are proposed for different confidence *** curves are presented for a low rise pre-seismic code reinforced concrete structure typical of developing countries.

关键词： analytical fragility damage index non-engineered b

Genome editing opens a new era of genetic improvement in polyploid crops

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The Crop Journal 2019年第2期7卷 141-150页

作者： qamar U.zaman Chao Li Hongtao Cheng Qiong Hu Oil Crops Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil CropsMinistry of Agriculture Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Sequence-specific nucleases(SSN) that generate double-stranded DNA breaks(DSBs) in genes of interest are the key to site-specific genome editing in plants. Genome editing has developed into one method of reducing undesirable traits in crops by the induction of knockout mutations. Different SSN-mediated genome-editing systems, including LAGLIDADG homing endonucleases or meganucleases, zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, are emerging as robust tools for introducing functional mutations in polyploid crops including citrus, wheat, cotton, soybean, rapeseed, potato, grapes, Camelina sativa,dandelion, and tobacco. The approach utilizes knowledge of biological mechanisms for targeted induction of DSBs and their error-prone repair, allowing highly specific changes at designated genome loci. In this review, we briefly describe genome-editing technologies and their application to genetic improvement of polyploid crops.

关键词： Genome editing CRISPR Site-specific mutagenesis Polyploid Crop improvement

Leveraging a new thermosensor for heat-smart future agriculture

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Plant Communications 2024年第9期5卷 1-4页

作者： Ali Raza qamar U.zaman Zhangli Hu Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics College of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Marine Algal Biotechnology Guangdong Technology Research Center for Marine Algal BiotechnologyCollege of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Shenzhen Collaborative Innovation Public Service Platform for Marine Algae Industry Longhua Innovation Institute for BiotechnologyCollege of Life Sciences and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Breeding and Multiplication(Sanya Institute of Breeding and Multiplication) Hainan Yazhou-Bay Seed LaboratoryHainan UniversitySanya 572025China Collaborative Innovation Center of Nanfan and High-Efficiency Tropical Agriculture School of Tropical CropsHainan UniversityHaikou 570228China

As global temperatures rise owing to climate change,crops are increasingly subjected to conditions that surpass their optimal temperature ranges,leading to heat stress(HS).HS impacts many morpho-physiological,biochemical,and molecular mechanisms in plants,ultimately affecting sustainable agricultural production worldwide(Ding et al.,2020;Kan et al.,2023;Raza et al.,2024).

关键词： smart pass crops

Seed Priming with Potassium Nitrate Can Enhance Salt Stress Tolerance in Maize

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第8期93卷 1819-1838页

作者： Bushra Rehman Asma Zulfiqar Houneida Attia Rehana Sardar Muneera A.Saleh Khalid H.Alamer Ibtisam M.Alsudays Faisal Mehmood qamar uz zaman Institute of Botany University of the PunjabLahore54590Pakistan Department of Biology College of ScienceTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Botany Emerson UniversityMultan60000Pakistan Biological Sciences Department Faculty of Science and ArtsKing Abdulaziz UniversityRabigh21911Saudi Arabia Department of Biology College of ScienceQassim UniversityBurydah52571Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry Sciences The University of LahoreLahore54590Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences The University of LahoreLahore54590Pakistan

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that hinders plant development and productivity and influences agricultural *** priming is a technique used to boost germination and seedling growth under abiotic stress.A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of seed priming with potassium nitrate(KNO_(3))at various levels(0%,0.50%,1.00%and 1.50%)under salt stress(0,75,100 mM NaCl)on two maize verities(MNH360 and 30T60)for the growth,development and metabolic attributes results revealed that in maize variety MNH360,KNO_(3)priming’s significantly enhanced growth parameters than in maize variety 30T60 under control and salt-stressed *** with KNO_(3)enhanced carotenoids and total chlorophyll in the 30T60 variety that protected the maize plants from salt ***,it was shown that priming with 1.00%KNO_(3)acts as safeguarded to protect them from oxidative damage by salt stress minimizing reactive oxygen species(ROS)formation through increased levels of malondialdehyde(MDA),catalase(CAT),peroxidase(POD),ascorbate peroxidase(APX),and total soluble *** findings of the present study confirm that the use of the KNO_(3)seed priming technique is a lowcost,environmentally friendly technique for mitigating adverse impacts of salt stress in maize crops by activating the antioxidant defense system and improving chlorophyll and osmolyte contents.

关键词： Salinity Zea mays antioxidant enzymes growth seedlings oxidative damage

Sub-nanoscale Engineering of MoO_(2) Clusters for Enhanced Sodium Storage

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第1期6卷 155-163页

作者： Yang Liu Shichao Wang Xuan Sun Jinyang Zhang Fakhr uz zaman Linrui Hou Changzhou Yuan School of Materials Science and Engineering University of JinanJinan 250022China

Smart construction of battery-type anodes with high rate and good mechanical properties is significant for advanced sodium ion capacitors(SICs).Herein,a flexible film consisting of MoO_(2) subnanoclusters encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon nanofibers(MoO_(2) SCs@N-CNFs)is designed and synthesized via electrospinning toward SICs as *** strong N-Mo interaction guarantees the stable yet uniform dispersion of high loading MoO_(2) SCs(≈40 wt.%)in the flexible carbonaceous *** sub-nanoscale effect of SCs restrains electrode pulverization and improves the Na+diffusion kinetics,rendering better pseudocapacitance-dominated Na+-storage properties than the nanocrystal *** MoO_(2) SCs@N-CNFs paper with mass loadings of 2.2–10.1 mg cm^(−2) can be directly used as free-standing anode for SICs,which exhibit high reversible gravimetric/areal capacities both in liquid and quasi-solid-state *** assembled flexible SICs competitively exhibit exceptional energy density and cycling *** significantly,the sub-nanoscale engineering strategy here is promisingly generalized to future electrode design for other electrochemical energy-related applications and beyond.

关键词： flexible film electrodes high areal mass loading anodes MoO_(2)subnanoclusters sodium ion capacitors