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A Diagnostic Study of Record Heavy Rain in Twin Cities Islāmābad-Rāwalpindi

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2004年第6期21卷 976-988页

作者： Ghulam RASUL qamar-uz-Zaman CHAUDHRY 赵思雄曾庆存 Meteorological Service of Pakistan P. O. Box 1214 Islāamāabad-Pakistan Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 Graduate School Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100039

Using surface and NCEP reanalysis data along with radar and satellite images, diagnosis has been carried out to probe the reasons for the very heavy rainfall that occurred in Islāmābad-Rāwalpindi on 23 July 2001. It has been revealed that the sudden evolution of this meso-scale severe weather system was the direct result of strong surface convection in moist and unstable lower layers of the atmosphere. The subsequent rapid development was the combined effect of the presence of the mid latitude westerly’s trough in the north and moisture feeding through monsoon flow along the Himalayas and also the direct south-westerly current from the Arabian Sea. After the westward shifting of the Sub-Tropical High (STH) from the north of India, the strong divergence zone on its eastern edge contributed positively to the development of upward motion. Initially the convective systems moved towards the south and then southeastward following the steering current in the middle troposphere. Based on these analyses, the physical model of the sudden record heavy rainfall has been proposed and a comparison between the heavy rainfall in this case and one in China has been conducted.

关键词： monsoon circulation mesoscale systems heavy rainfall

Structural basis of SARS-CoV-2 3CL^pro and anti-COVID-19 drug discovery from medicinal plants

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2020年第4期10卷 313-319页

作者： Muhammad Tahir ul qamar Safar MAlqahtani Mubarak AAlamri Ling-Ling Chen College of Life Science and Technology Guangxi UniversityNanning530004PR China Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics College of InformaticsHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070PR China Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry College of PharmacyPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University11323AlkarjSaudi Arabia

The recent pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by SARS-CoV-2 has raised global health *** viral 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease(3CL^pro)enzyme controls coronavirus replication and is essential for its life cycle.3CL^pro is a proven drug discovery target in the case of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus(SARS-CoV)and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus(MERS-CoV).Recent studies revealed that the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 is very similar to that of ***,herein,we analysed the 3CL^pro sequence,constructed its 3D homology model,and screened it against a medicinal plant library containing 32,297 potential anti-viral phytochemicals/traditional Chinese medicinal *** analyses revealed that the top nine hits might serve as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 lead molecules for further optimisation and drug development process to combat COVID-19.

关键词： Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Natural products Protein homology modelling Molecular docking Molecular dynamics simulation

Study on brittleness templates for shale gas reservoirs——A case study of Longmaxi shale in Sichuan Basin,southern China

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Petroleum Science 2021年第5期18卷 1370-1389页

作者： qamar Yasin Ghulam Mohyuddin Sohail Ke-Yu Liu Qi-Zhen Du Cyril DBoateng The Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao266580China Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Laboratory for Marine Mineral ResourcesQingdao266237China Department of Civil Geological and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonS7N 5C5Canada Department of Geological Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyLahorePakistan

Differentiating brittle zones from ductile zones in low permeability shale formations is imperative for efficient hydraulic fracturing *** brittleness index(BI) is used to describe the rock resistance to hydraulic fracture initiation and propagation and measures the ease at which complex fracture networks can be *** this study,we constructed brittleness templates through the correlation of fundamental rock properties and geomechanical *** then employed the templates to distinguish the brittle,ductile,and brittle-ductile transition zones in the Longmaxi shale gas reservoir,Sichuan Basin of southern *** approach works in two ***,we suggest a new expression for the mineralogical BI by their respective weights based on the analysis of correlation coefficients between mechanical testing and XRD ***,we correlate TOC,porosity,pore fluid,natural fractures,and improved BI model with multiple elastic properties to define the brittle,ductile,and transitional zones in the Longmaxi shale gas reservoir of *** with the traditional mineralogy-based BI definition,the improved BI model differentiates the brittle and ductile zones and provides a better sense of the most suitable fracturing *** results show that the brittleness templates,which combine fundamental rock properties,improved BI model,and geomechanical characterization led to identifying favorable zones for hydraulic fracturing and enhanced shale *** proposed brittleness templates’ effectiveness was verified using data from horizontal wells,offset wells,shale gas wells from different origins,laboratory core testing,and seismic inversion of BI across the studied wells.

关键词： Brittleness index Geomechanical properties Petrophysical parameters Longmaxi shale

Recent advances on the nitrogen-rich 1,2,4-oxadiazole-azoles-based energetic materials

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第3期18卷 344-367页

作者： Wen-Li Cao qamar-un-Nisa Tariq Zhi-Min Li Jun-Qing Yang Jian-Guo Zhang State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081 PR China CAS Key Laboratory of Energy Regulation Materials Shanghai200032China

This review covers recent advances in the synthesis and energetic performance of nitrogen-rich 1,2,4-oxadiazole-azoles-based energetic *** materials comprise of 1,2,4-oxadiazole subunit as a key structural motif linked to different nitrogen-rich or nitrogen-oxygen azoles:tetrazole,furazan,furoxan,1,3,4-oxadiazole,pyrazole,and *** attention is devoted to the introduction of various energetic groups including nitro,nitramino,azo,azoxy,dinitromethyl,trinitroethyl moieties,and their *** physicochemical and available performance parameters including density,decomposition temperature,heat of formation,detonation pressure,detonation velocity,impact sensitivity,and friction sensitivity of typical energetic compounds are also provided and ***,it was obtained that several screened compounds exhibit superior detonation properties and outstanding insensitivities,which can be classified as a new family of high-performance energetic ***,1,2,4-oxadiazole-azoles-based energetic materials still have many thorough works to further exploited and studied,expecting to get very promising insensitive high explosives for practical application and industrialization.

关键词： 1,2,4-Oxadiazole-azoles Triazole Tetrazole Furazan Energetic materials Furoxan

Process Mining Discovery Techniques for Software Architecture Lightweight Evaluation Framework

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 5777-5797页

作者： Mahdi Sahlabadi Ravie Chandren Muniyandi Zarina Shukur Faizan qamar Syed Hussain Ali Kazmi Centre for Cyber Security Faculty of Information Science and Technology(FTSM)Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia(UKM)Bangi43600SelangorMalaysia

This research recognizes the limitation and challenges of adaptingand applying Process Mining as a powerful tool and technique in theHypothetical Software Architecture (SA) Evaluation Framework with thefeatures and factors of lightweightness. Process mining deals with the largescalecomplexity of security and performance analysis, which are the goalsof SA evaluation frameworks. As a result of these conjectures, all ProcessMining researches in the realm of SA are thoroughly reviewed, and ninechallenges for Process Mining Adaption are recognized. Process mining isembedded in the framework and to boost the quality of the SA model forfurther analysis, the framework nominates architectural discovery algorithmsFlower, Alpha, Integer Linear Programming (ILP), Heuristic, and Inductiveand compares them vs. twelve quality criteria. Finally, the framework’s testingon three case studies approves the feasibility of applying process mining toarchitectural evaluation. The extraction of the SA model is also done by thebest model discovery algorithm, which is selected by intensive benchmarkingin this research. This research presents case studies of SA in service-oriented,Pipe and Filter, and component-based styles, modeled and simulated byHierarchical Colored Petri Net techniques based on the cases’ *** this framework dealswith the system’s log files obtainedfrom SA simulation. Applying process mining is challenging, especially for aSA evaluation framework, as it has not been done yet. The research recognizesthe problems of process mining adaption to a hypothetical lightweightSA evaluation framework and addresses these problems during the solutiondevelopment.

关键词： Software architecture process mining hierarchical colored petri Net architectural discovery algorithms model discovery algorithm

Recent advances in the synthesis and energetic properties of potassium-based potential green primary explosives

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第11期18卷 1945-1959页

作者： qamar-un-Nisa Tariq Saira Manzoor Maher-un-Nisa Tariq Wen-Li Cao Jian-Guo Zhang State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China Department of Chemistry University of OkaraOkara56300Pakistan

Primary explosives are utilized as a reliable initiator for secondary explosives in an extensive range of military and civilian operations. Heavy-metal-based primary explosives are moderate performing, more sensitive, and environmentally hazardous, posing a direct and indirect threat to health and ***, heavy-metal-based primaries have been replaced by environment-friendly metal-based primary explosives, such as potassium complexes. This review presents not only a summary of the current progress of new-generation potassium-based primary explosives and their methods of preparation, energetic properties, and applications, but also a further comparison with traditional primary explosives. In addition, this work discusses the necessity of heavy metal-free primary explosives and the major challenges faced in replacing traditional primary explosives.

关键词： Green primary explosives Heterocyclic compounds Synthesis Energetic properties

3D Printed Integrated Gradient-Conductive MXene/CNT/Polyimide Aerogel Frames for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding with Ultra-Low Reflection

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Nano-Micro Letters 2023年第3期15卷 332-345页

作者： Tiantian Xue Yi Yang Dingyi Yu qamar Wali Zhenyu Wang Xuesong Cao Wei Fan Tianxi Liu State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua University2999 North Renmin RoadShanghai 201620People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids Ministry of EducationSchool of Chemical and Material EngineeringJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122People’s Republic of China Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control School of Environment and Civil EngineeringJiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122People’s Republic of China NUTECH School of Applied Sciences&Humanities National University of TechnologyIslamabad 44000Pakistan

Construction of advanced electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials with miniaturized,programmable structure and low reflection are promising but ***,an integrated transition-metal carbides/carbon nanotube/polyimide(gradient-conductive MXene/CNT/PI,GCMCP)aerogel frame with hierarchical porous structure and gradient-conductivity has been constructed to achieve EMI shielding with ultra-low *** gradient-conductive structures are obtained by continuous 3D printing of MXene/CNT/poly(amic acid)inks with different CNT contents,where the slightly conductive top layer serves as EM absorption layer and the highly conductive bottom layer as reflection *** addition,the hierarchical porous structure could extend the EM dissipation path and dissipate EM by multiple ***,the GCMCP aerogel frames exhibit an excellent average EMI shielding efficiency(68.2 dB)and low reflection(R=0.23).Furthermore,the GCMCP aerogel frames with miniaturized and programmable structures can be used as EMI shielding gaskets and effectively block wireless power transmission,which shows a prosperous application prospect in defense industry and aerospace.

关键词： 3D printing MXene/CNT/Polyimide aerogel Gradient-conductive Electromagnetic interference shielding

The outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy without endotamponade for tractional retinal detachment secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2013年第5期6卷 671-674页

作者： Rao Muhammad Rashad qamar Muhammad Imran Saleem Muhammad Farhan Saleem Department of Ophthalmology Eye Unit-IB.V.Hospital

AIM:To evaluate the outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy(PPV) without the use of an ocular tamponade in patients having tractional retinal detachment(TRD) secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).METHODS:It was an interventional study conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology,***,Bahawalpur,Pakistan,from July 2011 to July 2012.A total of 75 patients(84 eyes) having TRD secondary to PDR were treated by PPV without using an ocular *** patients included in the study had a tractional retinal detachement secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy but didn’t have or develop retinal breaks before or during the study *** surgical procedure included a PPV combined with the removal of the tractional retinal membranes and the application of endolaser photocoagulation to the *** mean follow-up period was 12 months. RESULTS:Successful retinal reattachement was observed in 78 of the operated eyes(92.8%).In these patients,the retina remained attached till the end of the one year follow-up *** in best corrected visual acuity(BCVA) was seen in 63 eyes(75%).The visual acuity remained unchanged in 9 eyes(10.7%).Mean improvement in BCVA was 2.00 +1.24 at baseline to 1.24+1.22(P<0.05) at the end of the followup ***:In the absence of the retinal breaks,a TRD secondary to PDR can be successfully treated by pars plana vitrectomy without the use of an ocular tamponade.

关键词： endotamponade pars plana vitrectomy proliferative diabetic retinopathy tractional retinal detachment

The space time CE/SE method for solving one-dimensional batch crystallization model with fines dissolution

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2015年第2期23卷 337-341页

作者： Saima Noor Shamsul qamar Department of Mathematics COMSATS Institute of Information Technology

This article is concerned with the numerical investigation of one-dimensional population balance models for batch crystallization process with fines *** batch crystallization,dissolution of smaller unwanted nuclei below some critical size is of vital importance as it improves the quality of *** crystal growth rates for both size-independent and size-dependent cases are considered.A delay in recycle pipe is also included in the *** space–time conservation element and solution element method,originally derived for non-reacting flows,is used to solve the *** scheme has already been applied to a range of PDEs,mainly in the area of fluid *** numerical results are compared with those obtained from the Koren scheme,showing that the proposed scheme is more efficient.

关键词： Population balances Batch process Crystallization Dissolution of fines Space–time conservation element and solution element method