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The unimodal latitudinal pattern of K,Ca and Mg concentration and its potential drivers in forest foliage in eastern China

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 318-328页

作者： Zhijuan Shi Sining Liu yahan Chen Dongdong Ding Wenxuan Han Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions Ministry of EducationCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing100193China Forestry Ecological Engineering in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province&National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River College of ForestrySichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China

Potassium(K),calcium(Ca),and magnesium(Mg)are essential elements with important physiological functions in *** studies showed that leaf K,Ca,and Mg concentrations generally increase with increasing ***,recent meta-analyses suggested the possibility of a unimodal pattern in the concentrations of these elements along latitudinal *** authenticity of this unimodal latitudinal pattern,however,requires validation through large-scale field experimental data,and exploration of the underlying mechanisms if the pattern is ***,we collected leaves of common species of woody plants from 19 montane forests in the north-south transect of eastern China,including 322 species from 160 genera,67 families;and then determined leaf K,Ca,and Mg concentrations to explore their latitudinal patterns and driving *** results support unimodal latitudinal patterns for all three elements in woody plants across eastern China,with peak values at latitude 36.5±1.0°*** shift of plant-functional-type compositions from evergreen broadleaves to deciduous broadleaves and to conifers along this latitudinal span was the key factor contributing to these *** factors,mainly temperature,and to a lesser extent solar radiation and precipitation,were the main environmental *** factors,by altering the composition of plant communities and regulating plant physiological activities,influence the latitudinal patterns of plant nutrient *** findings also suggest that high leaf K,Ca,and Mg concentrations may represent an adaptive strategy for plants to withstand water stress,which might be used to predict plant nutrient responses to climate changes at large scales,and broaden the understanding of biogeochemical cycling of K,Ca,and Mg.

关键词： Potassium Calcium Magnesium Mid-latitudes Latitudinal pattern Plant functional type Water stress Woody plant

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SimHOEPI:A resampling simulator for generating single nucleotide polymorphism data with a high-order epistasis model

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Quantitative Biology 2024年第2期12卷 197-204页

作者： yahan Li Xinrui Cai Junliang Shang Yuanyuan Zhang Jin-Xing Liu School of Computer Science Qufu Normal UniversityRizhaoChina School of Information and Control Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdaoChina School of Health and Life Sciences University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoChina

Epistasis is a ubiquitous phenomenon in genetics,and is considered to be one of main factors in current efforts to unveil missing heritability of complex *** data is crucial for evaluating epistasis detection tools in genome-wide association studies(GWAS).Existing simulators normally suffer from two limitations:absence of support for high-order epistasis models containing multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs),and inability to generate simulation SNP data *** this study,we proposed a simulator SimHOEPI,which is capable of calculating penetrance tables of high-order epistasis models depending on either prevalence or heritability,and uses a resampling strategy to generate simulation data *** of SimHOEPI are the preservation of realistic minor allele frequencies in sampling data,the accurate calculation and embedding of high-order epistasis models,and acceptable simulation time.A series of experiments were carried out to verify these properties from different *** results show that SimHOEPI can generate simulation SNP data independently with high-order epistasis models,implying that it might be an alternative simulator for GWAS.

关键词： high-order epistasis model penetrance table resampling strategy simulation single nucleotide polymorphisms

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Chemical warfare agent countermeasures based on macrocycle supramolecular chemistry

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Science China Chemistry 2024年

作者： Junyi Chen yahan Zhang Chunju Li qingbin Meng State Key Laboratory of National Security Specially Needed Medicines Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Tianjin Key Laboratory of Structure and Performance for Functional Molecules College of Chemistry Tianjin Normal University

Given that chemical warfare agents(CWAs) pose some of the largest threats to humankind, social stability, and world peace,considerable attention has been drawn to the development of the corresponding detection, decontamination, and treatment techniques. The versatile functionality and distinctive recognition potency of macrocycles enable their customized design for specific tasks, such as chemical sensing, catalysis, or separation. Hence, supramolecular materials are well suited for the establishment of CWA countermeasures. Herein, we summarize the recent progress in the development of macrocycle-based materials for counteracting several representative CWAs, including nerve, blister, blood, incapacitating, choking, and irritating agents, providing a foundation for further advances in this field and fostering practical translational terms.

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Constraints on the primordial curvature power spectrum by pulsar timing array data:a polynomial parameterization approach

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第1期76卷 96-104页

作者： qin Fei School of Mathematics and Physics Hubei Polytechnic UniversityHuangshi 435003China

The recent stochastic signal observed jointly by NANOGrav,parkes pulsar timing array,European pulsar timing array,and Chinese pulsar timing array can be accounted for by scalarinduced gravitational waves(SIGWs).The source of the SIGWs is from the primordial curvature perturbations,and the main contribution to the SIGWs is from the peak of the primordial curvature power *** effectively model this peak,we apply the Taylor expansion to parameterize *** the Taylor expansion parameterization,we apply Bayesian methods to constrain the primordial curvature power spectrum based on the NANOGrav 15 year data *** constraint on the primordial curvature power spectrum possesses a degree of generality,as the Taylor expansion can effectively approximate a wide range of function profiles.

关键词： pulsar timing array scalar-induced gravitational waves inflation

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Numerical study on the blocking effect of skin on Flash-Ball Impact and damage assessment

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第3期33卷 532-545页

作者： Dihua Ouyang Chunwei qin Xiaowen qin Qiantao Zhang Xingyu Liu Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology Xi'an 710055China Analysis and Testing Center Xi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi'an 710055China Engineering University of PAP Xi'an 710086China

To explore the response law of non-lethal large-size kinetic energy projectiles to blunt attack on skin tissue,and to evaluate the skin injury characteristics of the attacked personnel and the use safety of kinetic energy *** on the LS-DYNA simulation software,a three-layer skin simulation model and a Flash-Ball rubber bullet model are established,and the force-time and deformation-time biomechanical corridors of the Flash-Ball rubber bullet impacting human skin tissue are *** corridor curve and the energy transfer and diffusion are analyzed and *** safety evaluation of the damage caused by the rubber bullet shooting a human body at different distances is carried out using the empirical formula of the penetration ***,the safe shooting distance is *** results show that the model used in the simulation has a good correlation with the experimental data,its biomechanical corridor characteristics are different from those of conventional vehicle impact and smallsize projectile response *** energy transfer and action time of medium and low-speed impact may cause greater *** fat layer is the largest energy absorption *** minimum safe shooting distance to ensure skin tissue from penetrating damage is 15.8 m,and the limit specific kinetic energy of skin damage is 7.88 J/cm^(2).This study can be extended to the study of biomechanical response law and safety evaluation under the impact of the same type of large kinetic energy projectile,which provides an important theoretical reference for the police to use large kinetic energy projectiles to conduct safe shooting in peacekeeping operations.

关键词： KIPs Blunt strike Biomechanical response Damage analysis

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An Icy Worlds life detection strategy based on Exo-AUV

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第11期67卷 3515-3535页

作者： Bin WANG Hongde qin National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Marine Vehicle Technology Harbin Engineering University Shipbuilding Engineering College Harbin Engineering University

In the solar system, Icy Worlds such as Europa and Enceladus hold great potential for extraterrestrial life and may provide humanity an answer, within this century, to the age-old question of life beyond Earth. Exo-AUV technology shows promise in life detection in the icy shell, at the ice-water interface and on the seafloor of exo-ocean. Space agencies, including NASA and DLR, are enthusiastic about deploying Exo-AUVs to explore life in these regions. However, the where and how to find life, the technologies to be utilized and the goals to be achieved are crucial aspects for future Exo-AUV life detection missions on Icy Worlds. This study delves into a hypothetical mission of life detection on Europa, discussing science goals,detectable objects, potential regions and biogenic analysis for Icy Worlds. It proposes a life detection strategy for Icy Worlds based on Exo-AUVs, presents key contextual elements for Exo-AUV operations, outlines technological requirements for hull,payloads and autonomy, introduces the current state of Exo-AUV research and addresses existing challenges. This study also suggests a roadmap for conceptual development of Exo-AUV and a Concept of Operations for Multiple Exo-AUV System(ConOps for MEAS). This system aims to assist planetary scientists and astrobiologists in exploring Icy Worlds, identifying robust biosignatures and potentially discovering extant organisms, even prebiotic chemical systems.

关键词： Icy Worlds Europa Life detection Biological potential Exo-AUV

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Limit state analysis of rigid retaining structures against seismically induced passive failure in heterogeneous soils

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第3期16卷 1095-1105页

作者： Jianfeng Zhou Changbing qin College of Civil Engineering Huaqiao UniversityXiamen362021China School of Civil Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing400045China Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area Chongqing UniversityChongqing400045China National Joint Engineering Research Center of Geohazards Prevention in the Reservoir Areas Chongqing UniversityChongqing400045China

Soils are not necessarily uniform and may present linearly varied or layered characteristics,for example the backfilled soils behind rigid retaining *** the presence of large lateral thrust imposed by arch bridge,passive soil failure is possible.A reliable prediction of passive earth pressure for the design of such wall is challenging in complicated soil strata,when adopting the conventional limit analysis *** order to overcome the challenge for generating a kinematically admissible velocity field and a statically allowable stress field,finite element method is incorporated into limit analysis,forming finiteelement upper-bound(FEUB)and finite-element lower-bound(FELB)***-static,original and modified pseudo-dynamic approaches are adopted to represent seismic acceleration *** generating feasible velocity and stress fields within discretized elements based on specific criteria,FEUB and FELB formulations of seismic passive earth pressure(coefficient K_(P))can be derived from work rate balance equation and stress *** to an interior point algorithm,optimal upper and lower bound solutions are *** proposed FEUB and FELB procedures are well validated by limit equilibrium as well as lower-bound and kinematic *** studies are carried out to investigate the effects of influential factors on seismic K_(P).Notably,true solution of K_(P) is well estimated based on less than 5%difference between FEUB and FELB solutions under such complex scenarios.

关键词： Retaining wall Passive earth pressure Earthquakes Finite-element limit-analysis methods

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AI for Supporting the Freedom of Drawing

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第1期21卷 63-88页

作者： Xiaohua Sun Juexiao qin College of Design and Innovation Tongji UniversityShanghai 200082China

Artificial intelligence(AI)has recently been developing rapidly in image processing and *** is not only starting to take over repetitive and tedious tasks but is also involved in creative *** is one of the areas with the greatest potential for collaboration between humans and *** is an important approach to express various information,but due to the lack of appropriate knowledge and skills,ordinary people without long-time training are unable to draw *** there have been various attempts at human-AI collaboration in drawing,it is difficult for researchers to consider the wide variety of specific problems and develop univer-sal methods due to the openness,improvisation,and individuality of *** this paper,we first analysed the contents of drawing and the general creation process in ***,we have described a mechanism for using AI to enable people to regain the freedom of drawing ***,we have developed a framework that describes methods for analysing specific problems and quickly finding solutions by building connections between the influencing factors in drawing,the demands of humans,and possible implementa-tion *** framework also reveals a broad scope of possibilities for applying AI to support people in drawing.

关键词： Intention understanding drawing support drawing art human-artificial intelligence(AI)collaboration

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Roles of Upper-Level Descending Inflow in Moat Development in Simulated Tropical Cyclones with Secondary Eyewall Formation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1100-1114页

作者： Nannan qin Liguang WU Nanjing Joint Institute for Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing 210041China Shanghai Typhoon Institute China Meteorological AdministrationShanghai 200030China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Institute of Atmospheric Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Innovation Center of Ocean and Atmosphere System Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Research InstituteZhuhai 518057China

This study investigated the effects of upper-level descending inflow(ULDI)associated with inner-eyewall convection on the formation of the moat in tropical cyclones(TCs)with secondary eyewall formation(SEF).In our numerical experiments,a clear moat with SEF occurred in TCs with a significant ULDI,while no SEF occurred in TCs without a significant *** eyewall convection developed more vigorously in the control run.A ULDI occurred outside the inner-eyewall convection,where it was symmetrically *** ULDI was initially triggered by the diabatic warming released by the inner eyewall and later enhanced by the cooling below the anvil *** ULDI penetrated the outer edge of the inner eyewall with relatively dry air and prevented excessive solid-phase hydrometeors from being advected further *** produced extensive sublimation cooling of falling hydrometeors between the eyewall and the outer *** sublimation cooling resulted in negative buoyancy and further induced strong subsidence between the eyewall and the outer *** a result,a clear moat was *** of the moat in the ongoing SEF prevented the outer rainband from moving farther inward,helping the outer rainband to symmetrize into an outer *** the sensitivity experiment,no significant ULDI formed since the eyewall convection was weaker,and the eyewall anvil developed relatively lower,meaning the formation of a moat and thus an outer eyewall was less *** study suggests that a better-represented simulation of inner-eyewall convective structures and distribution of the solid-phase hydrometeors is important to the prediction of SEF.

关键词： tropical cyclone secondary eyewall formation upper-level descending inflow eyewall convection

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The Coarse l^(p)-Novikov Conjecture and Banach Spaces with Property(H)

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2024年第2期45卷 193-220页

作者： Huan WANG qin WANG Research Center for Operator Algebras School of Mathematical SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Key Laboratory of MEA Ministry of Educationand Shanghai Key Laboratory of PMMPEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China

In this paper,for 1

关键词： The coarse l^(p)-Novikov conjecture Banach spaces with Property(H) Coarse geometry K-Theory

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