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A formal model of fair exchange protocols

Science in china(Series F) 2005年第4期48卷 499-512页

作者： qing sihan1,2.3.& li gaicheng1,2.3.1. engineering research center for information security technology,{3., chinese aca- demy of sciences, Beijing 100080, china 2. Beijing Zhongke Ansheng Corporation of information technology, Beijing 100080, china 3. Graduate School of the chinese aca{13. of sciences, Beijing 10003., china 1. engineering research center for {3. security technology Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences 100080 Beijing China 2. Beijing Zhongke Ansheng Corporation of information technology 100080 Beijing China 3. Graduate School of the chinese academy of {3. 100039 Beijing China

Based on the study of existing fair exchange protocols, this paper sets up an accurate formal model by stepwise refinement. In the process of refinement an unreliable channel is employed to simulate an attack behavior. The model provides a novel formal definition of exchanged items, and presents the formal goals for fairness, accountability, etc., reflecting the inherent requirements for fair exchange protocols across-the-board. In order to check, prove, and design fair exchange protocols effectively and efficiently, the model puts forward a novel property of abuse-freeness which applies to all fair exchange protocols, gives a formal definition for trust strand of the third party, and presents general criteria of designing a secure and effective fair exchange protocol. Taking a typical fair exchange protocol as an example, this paper presents the analysis steps of fair exchange protocols appealing to our model. An unknown attack is uncovered. The analysis reveals the process of a complete attack, discovering deeper reasons for causing an attack. Finally, we modify the flawed protocol and the revised protocol ensures the desirable properties.

关键词： events local causal relation local temporal relation global relation exchanged item security goals.

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