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Generous or Selfish? Weighing Transaction Forwarding Against Malicious Attacks in Payment Channel Networks

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2022年第4期37卷 888-905页

作者： Yi qin qin hu Dong-Xiao Yu Xiu-Zhen Cheng School of Computer Science and Technology Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Department of Computer and Information Science Indiana University-Purdue University IndianapolisIndianapolis 46202U.S.A.

Scalability has long been a major challenge of cryptocurrency systems,which is mainly caused by the delay in reaching consensus when processing transactions *** an effective mitigation approach,the payment channel networks(PCNs)enable private channels among blockchain nodes to process transactions off-chain,relieving long-time waiting for the online transaction *** state-of-the-art studies of PCN focus on improving the efficiency and availability via optimizing routing,scheduling,and initial deposits,as well as preventing the system from security and privacy ***,the behavioral decision dynamics of blockchain nodes under potential malicious attacks is largely *** fill this gap,we employ the game theory to study the characteristics of channel interactions from both the micro and macro perspectives under the situation of channel depletion *** study is progressive,as we conduct the game-theoretic analysis of node behavioral characteristics from individuals to the whole population of *** analysis is complementary,since we utilize not only the classic game theory with the complete rationality assumption,but also the evolutionary game theory considering the limited rationality of players to portray the evolution of *** results of numerous simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of our analysis.

关键词： blockchain payment channel network game theory

Current hepatitis B treatment guidelines and future research directions

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Frontiers of Medicine 2014年第2期8卷 145-157页

作者： Jonathan Skupsky Ke-qin hu Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of California Irvine School of Medicine Orange CA 92868 USA

Hepatitis B virus （HBV） infection causes a tremendous clinical burden across the world with more than half a million people dying annually from HBV related disease. Significant advances have been made in HBV treatment in the past decade and several guidelines have been published by professional societies and expert panels. Although these recommendations have been valuable to help optimize HBV treatment, there is discordance in treatment criteria and many patients infected with HBV may fall outside of these recommendations. This paper systematically reviews the natural history of the disease and compares and contrasts the recommendations for initiation of treatment from the various societies. There is also discussion of special groups that require particular consideration and some of the open research questions and future research directions within the field.

关键词： chronic hepatitis B HBV treatment guidelines APASL guidelines EASL guidelines AASLD guidelines

Direct acting antiviral-induced dynamic reduction of serum a fetoprotein in hepatitis C patients without hepatocellular carcinoma

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Frontiers of Medicine 2019年第6期13卷 658-666页

作者： Tung huynh Ke-qin hu Department of Pharmacy University of CaliforniaIrvineSchool of MedicineOrangeCA 92868USA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of CaliforniaIrvineSchool of MedicineOrangeCA 92868USA

Direct acting antiviral(DAA)treatments may reduce the elevatedαfetoprotein(AFP),but data on how these treatments affect elevated AFP in patients with chronic hepatitis C(CHC)remain *** the present study,the frequency of baseline AFP elevations and their related factors,AFP dynamics during and after DAA treatment,and factors associated with AFP reduction was *** retrospective study included 141 patients with CHC without hepatocellular carcinoma who received DAA and achieved sustained virological *** details are as follows:mean post-treatment follow-up was 99 weeks(12–213);mean age,57.8 years old;52%,males;79%,genotype(GT)1;and 47%,***-treatment AFP elevation(>5.5 ng/mL)was seen in 48.2%*** multivariate analysis,baseline AFP>5.5 was associated with the presence of cirrhosis(P=0.001),co-existing non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)(P=0.035),and GT 1(P=0.029).AFP normalization was seen in 28.2%patients at treatment week 2,in 52%at the end of treatment,and in 73.4%at the end of ***-treatment week 24 AFP normalization was associated with the absence of cirrhosis(P=0.003),Child--Pugh score<6(P=0.015),and baseline AFP<10(P=0.015).AFP elevation is common in patients with CHC and independently associated with NASH,cirrhosis,and GT *** treatment resulted in AFP normalization as early as treatment week ***-treatment week 24 AFP normalization is independently associated with the absence of cirrhosis,Child--Pugh score<6,and baseline AFP<10.

关键词： chronic hepatitis C αfetoprotein direct acting antiviral treatment cirrhosis

Advances in some common chronic liver diseases

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Frontiers of Medicine 2014年第2期8卷 127-128页

作者： Ke-qin hu Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of California Irvine School of Medicine Orange CA 92868 USA

Chronic liver diseases （CLDs） are a diversified group of primary hepatic pathophysiological injury caused by various infectious, genetic and metabolic, hepatotoxic, autoimmune, and other underlying etiologies. If diagnosis and treatment are delayed, most CLDs could progress to cirrhosis that can be further associated with development of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. Significant medical advances have been made in diagnosing and treating CLDs. We are very pleased to present this special issue of Frontiers of Medicine that covers some important topics in clinical hepatology.

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Investigation of the structural, electronic and mechanical properties of CaO–SiO_(2) compound particles in steel based on density functional theory

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第4期30卷 744-755页

作者： Chao Gu Ziyu Lyu qin hu Yanping Bao State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

CaO–SiO_(2)compounds compromise one of the most common series of oxide particles in liquid steels, which could significantly affect the service performance of the steels as crack initiation sites. However, the structural, electronic, and mechanical properties of the compounds in CaO–SiO_(2)system are still not fully clarified due to the difficulties in the experiments. In this study, a thorough investigation of these properties of CaO–SiO_(2)compound particles in steels was conducted based on first-principles density functional theory. Corresponding phases were determined by thermodynamic calculation, including gamma dicalcium silicate(γ-C2S), alpha-prime(L) dicalcium silicate(αL′-C2S), alpha-prime(H) dicalcium silicate(αH′-C2S), alpha dicalcium silicate(α-C2S), rankinite(C3S2), hatrurite(C3S), wollastonite(CS), and pseudowollastonite(Ps-CS). The results showed that the calculated crystal structures of the eight phases agree well with the experimental results. All the eight phases are stable according to the calculated formation energies, and γ-C2S is the most stable. O atom contributes the most to the reactivity of these phases. The Young’s modulus of the eight phases is in the range of 100.63–132.04 GPa. Poisson’s ratio is in the range of0.249–0.281. This study provided further understanding concerning the CaO–SiO_(2)compound particles in steels and fulfilled the corresponding property database, paving the way for inclusion engineering and design in terms of fracture-resistant steels.

关键词： CaO–SiO_(2) density functional theory structural property electronic property mechanical property

Effect of small peptide(P-15) on HJMSCs adhesion to hydroxyap-atite

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2016年第2期59卷 102-107,109-112页

作者： Wei Cheng Xin Tong qin Gang hu Yong Bin Mou Hai Yan qin Nanjing Stomatological Hospital Medical School of Nanjing University Central Laboratory of Stomatology Nanjing Stomatological Hospital

P-15, a synthetic peptide of 15-amino acids, has been tested in clinical trials to enhance cell adhesion and promote osseointe-gration. This feature of P-15 has also inspired the development of designing new bone substitute materials. Despite the increasing applications of P-15 in bone graft alternatives, few studies focus on the mechanism of cell adhesion promoted by P-15 and the mechanical property changes of the cells interacting with P-15. In this article, we used atomic force microscope(AFM) based single cell indentation force spectroscopy to study the impact of P-15 on the stiffness and the adhesion ability of human jaw bone mesenchymal stem cells(HJMSCs) to hydroxyapatite(HA). We found that the stiffness of HJMSCs increases as the concentration of P-15 grows in short culture intervals and that the adhesion forces between HJMSCs and HA particles in both the presence and absence of P-15 are all around 30 p N. Moreover, by calculating the binding energy of HJMSCs to HA particles mixed with and without P-15, we proved that P-15 could increase the adhesion energy by nearly four times. Scanning electron microscope(SEM) was also exploited to study the morphology of HJMSCs cultured in the presence and absence of P-15 on HA disc surface for a short term. Apparent morphological differences were observed between the cells cultured with and without P-15. These results explain the probable underlying adhesion mechanism of HJMSC promoted by P-15 and can serve as the bases for the design of bone graft substitute materials.

关键词： atomic force microscopy (AFM) cell stiffness force spectroscopy

Co-controlling CO2 and NOx emission in China's cement industry:An optimal development pathway study

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2018年第1期9卷 34-42页

作者： FENG Xiang-Zhao Oleg LUGOVOY qin hu Policy Research Centre for Environment and Economy of the Ministry of Environmental Protection Beijing 100029China Environmental Defense Fund Washington DC 20009USA Environmental Defense Fund Beijing 100007China

It is of important practical significance to reduce NOx emission and CO2 emission in China's cement *** paper firstly identifies key factors that influence China's future cement demand,and then uses the Gompertz model to project China's future cement demand and ***,the multi-pollutant abatement planning model(MAP)was developed based on the TIMES model to analyze the co-benefits of CO2 and NOx control in China's cement *** modeling analysis,three scenarios such as basic as usual scenario(BAU),moderately low carbon scenario(MLC),and radically low carbon scenario(RLC),were built according to different policy constraints and emission control ***,the benefits of co-controlling NOx and CO2 emission in China's cement industry have been ***,this paper proposes a cost-efficient,green,and low carbon development roadmap for the Chinese cement sector,and puts forwards countermeasures as follows:first,different ministries should enhance communication and coordination about how to promote the co-control of NOx and CO2 in cement ***,co-control technology list should be issued timely for cement industry,and the R&D investment on new technologies and demonstration projects should be ***,the phase-out of old cement capacity needs to be continued at policy ***,it is important to scientifically evaluate the relevant environmental impact and adverse motivation of ammonia production by NOx removal requirement in cement industry.

关键词： Cement industry CO2 abatement NOx reduction Co-benefit analysis

Effects and mechanisms of silibinin on human hepatocellular carcinoma xenografts in nude mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第16期15卷 1943-1950页

作者： Wei Cui Fan Gu Ke-qin hu Division of Gastroenterology and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California Orange School of Medicine Orange CA 92868 United States Department of Surgery Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 Guangdong Province China

AIM:To investigate the in vivo effects and mechanisms of silibinin on the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) xenografts in nude ***: Nude mice bearing huH7 xenografts were used to assess the anti-HCC effects and mechanisms of ***: Silibinin resulted in a potent dosedependent reduction of huH7 xenografts in association with a significant decrease in Ki-67 and α-fetoprotein production, nuclear NF-κB content, polo-like kinase 1, Rb phosphorylation, and E2F1/DP1 complex, but increased p27/CDK4 complex and checkpoint kinase 1 expression, suggesting that the in vivo effects of silibinin are mediated by inhibiting G1-S transition of the cell cycle. Silibinin-induced apoptosis of huH7 xenografts was associated with inhibited survivin phosphorylation. Silibinin-reduced growth of huH7 xenografts was associated with decreased p-ERK, increased PTEN expression and the activity of silibinin was correlated with decreased p-Akt production, indicating involvement of PTEN/PI3K/Akt and ERK pathways in its in vivo anti-HCC effects. Silibinin-reduced growth of huH7 xenografts was also associated with a significant increase in AC-H3 and AC-H4 expression and the production of superoxide dismutase (SOD)-***: Silibinin reduces HCC xenograft growth through the inhibition of cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and PTEN/P-Akt and ERK signaling, inducing cell apoptosis, and increasing histone acetylation and SOD-1 expression.

关键词： Apoptosis Cell cycle Chemoprevention Hepatocellular carcinoma Histone acetylation Silibinin

Succinylation modification:a potential therapeutic target in stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 781-787页

作者： Jie Lian Wenwu Liu qin hu Xiaohua Zhang Department of Neurosurgery Ren Ji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Naval Medical CenterNaval Medical University

Stroke is a leading cause of mortality and disability *** cell death triggered by the compromised supply of blood oxygen and glucose is one of the major pathophysiology of strokeinduced brain *** mitochondrial energy metabolism is observed minutes after stroke and is closely associated with the progression of ***,a new type of posttranslational modification,known as lysine succinylation,has been recognized to play a significant role in mitochondrial energy metabolism after ***,the role of succinylation modification in cell metabolism after stroke and its regulation are not well *** aimed to review the effects of succinylation on energy metabolism,reactive oxygen species generation,and neuroinflammation,as well as Sirtuin 5 mediated desuccinylation after *** also highlight the potential of targeting succinylation/desuccinylation as a promising strategy for the treatment of *** succinylation level is dynamically regulated by the nonenzymatic or enzymatic transfer of a succinyl group to a protein on lysine residues and the removal of succinyl catalyzed by *** evidence has suggested that succinylation can regulate the metabolic pathway through modulating the activity or stability of metabolic ***,especially Sirtuin 5,are characterized for their desuccinylation activity and have been recognized as a critical regulator of metabolism through desuccinylating numerous metabolic *** between succinylation and desuccinylation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of *** agents that enhance the activity of Sirtuin 5 have been employed to promote desuccinylation and improve mitochondrial metabolism,and neuroprotective effects of these agents have been observed in experimental stroke ***,their therapeutic efficacy in stroke patients should be validated.

关键词： mitochondria metabolism neuroprotection sirtuin 5 stroke succinylation modification