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Estimation of internal nutrient release in large shallow Lake Taihu, china

Science china Earth sciences 2006年第z1期49卷 38-50页

作者： qin boqiang, zhu guangwei, zhang lu, luo liancong, gao guang & gu binhe nanjing institute of geography & limnology, chinese academy of sciences, nanjing 210008, china Everglades Department, South Florida Water Management District, 3301 gun Club Road, West Palm Beach, FL 33406, USA chinese Acad Sci Nanjing Inst Geog & Limnol Nanjing 210008 Peoples R China S Florida Water Management Dist Everglades Dept W Palm Beach FL 33406 USA

Based on field investigation of wave, sediment suspension and the changes in nutrient concentration of the water column in Lake Taihu, china, we proposed two release models to quantify nutrient release under static and dynamic conditions, respectively. Under static conditions, nutrient release from sediments to the overlying water mainly depends on chemical diffusion induced by concentration gradient, in which the nutrient release is controlled by the temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration in the sediment-water interface, oxidation-reduction potential and the concentration difference between porewater and overlying water. Under dynamic condition (or disturbed condition),both dissolved and particulate nutrients in sediments are released into the water column because of wind-induced sediment suspension. The amount of nutrient release under dynamic conditions is larger than that under the static condition. The release of dissolved nutrients, however, does not increase because the wind induced turbulence made oxidation of metallic elements such as Fe (ferric iron), Mn which are capable of precipitating soluble reactive phosphate (SRP). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, the release of total phosphorus (TP) increases dramatically but the release of SRP is close to those under static conditions. In sediments of Lake Taihu, high Fe content leads to a high ratio of Fe to P contents in sediments (Fe:P ratio). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, nutrient release is controlled by the intensity of disturbance, sediment consolidation and nutrient content in *** for dissolved nutrients, especially SRP, the release is also controlled by the intensity of dynamic re-oxidation, Fe content in sediments and nutrient concentration gradient between porewater and overlying water. Based on these two release modes, the release flux in Lake Taihu has been estimated. In the static condition (i.e. laboratory experimental condition), total release of NH4+-N for whole lake is ca

关键词： shallow lake, eutrophication, internal loading, sediment, nutrient, dynamic turbulence.

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Effect of sediment resuspension on underwater light field in shallow lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River:A case study in Longgan Lake and Taihu Lake

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第z1期49卷 114-125页

作者： zhang Yunlin, qin boqiang, zhu guangwei, gao guang, luo liancong & CHEN Weimin nanjing institute of geography & limnology, chinese academy of sciences, nanjing 210008, china Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100039, china 1. nanjing institute of geography & limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China 2. Graduate School of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100039 China

Based on three continuous in situ underwater light field measurement under different wind waves conditions in Longgan Lake, Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake in July 2003 and littoral zone near TLLER in July 2004, respectively, the effects of sediment resuspension caused by wind waves on PAR diffuse attenuation, absorption coefficients and euphotic depths are analyzed. In Longgan Lake, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients during small, middle and large wind waves were 1.74, 2.02 and 2.45 m-1, respectively, and the corresponding PAR spectral diffuse attenuations ranged from 0.98 to 2.97, 1.34 to 3.95 and 1.80 to 5.40 m-1, respectively. In Meiliang Bay, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients were 2.63, 3.72, 4.37 m-1 during small, middle and large wind waves. PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients increased by 41% and 66% from small to middle, large wind waves, respectively. Absorption coefficients integrated over the range of PAR of CDOM, phytoplankton were 0.26, 0.28 m-1; 0.76, 0.49 m-1, respectively during middle and large wind waves. Absorption coefficients integrated over the range of PAR of non-algal particulate matter and total suspended particulate matter increased from 0.94 to 1.73 m-1, and from 1.70 to 2.22 m-1, respectively during middle and large wind waves. Relative contributions of absorption coefficients of non-algal particulate matter to total absorption coefficient integrated over the range of PAR were 44.14%, 65.05%, respectively, during middle and large wind waves. PAR euphotic depths decreased by 0.40, 0.19, 0.20 m from middle to large wind waves in Longganhu Lake, Meliang Bay and littoral zone near TLLER. Significant correlations were found between transparency, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients, euphotic depths and total suspended paniculate matter, wind velocity, wave height. Most significant correlations were found between transparency, PAR diffuse attenuation coefficients, euphotic depths and inorganic suspended paniculate matter but low correlations

关键词： shallow lake, Taihu Lake, diffuse attenuation coefficient, absorption coefficient, total suspended particulate matter.

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Geochemical Forms of Phosphorus in Sediments of Three Large, Shallow Lakes of china

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Pedosphere 2006年第6期16卷 726-734页

作者： zhu guang-Wei qin Bo-Qiang zhang lu luo Lian-Cong nanjing institute of geography and limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

A sequential extraction method for the fractionation of phosphorus （P） in lake sediments was used to analyze phos- phorus fractions of sediments taken from three large, shallow. eutrophic freshwater lakes of china-Talhu Lake. Chaohu Lake, and *** Lake. All three lakes are located in the lower reaches of the Changjiang River （Yangtze River）. In Taihu Lake and Chaohu Lake, algae blooms occurred every year, while Longgan Lake was a macrophyte-dominated lake. Results showed that exchangeable phosphorus fractions were much higher in the eutrophic lake sediments than in the macrophyte-flourishing lake sediment. Also, the ratio of Fe：P in the sediments of the algae-predomlnant lakes was generally much lower than that in the macrophyte-predominant lakes. Thus, the geochemical fractions of phosphorus in sediments had a closer relationship with the type of aquatic vegetation.

关键词： algal bloom macrophyte phosphorus sediment shallow lakes

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Wind-wave affected phosphate loading variations and their relationship to redox condition in Lake Taihu

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Science china Earth sciences 2006年第z1期49卷 154-161页

作者： zhang lu zhu guangwei luo liancong gao guang zhang Yunlin qin boqiang FAN Chengxin nanjing institute of geography&limnology Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Variation of wind speed and the physico-chemical parameters,such as dissolved phosphate,ferrous and manganese in lake water were observed on *** with the chemistry analysis and simulated experiment in lab,the change of phosphate concentration in lake water was *** variation of ferrous/phosphate ratio explained that along with the enhancement of wind-wave effect and the oxidation ability of lake water,the effects of co-precipitation and removal of dissolved phosphate and iron in the lake water were *** ferrous/phosphate ratio in pore water was less than 2.0,demonstrating that the dissolved phosphate can be released into the overlying ***,in the lake water,the stability of phosphate was controlled by the water *** phosphate release experiment showed that molecular release was only part of the whole and the direct discharge of phosphate in the pore water was also a *** mineralization and biological process of suspended particulates in the water may be another important reason for the whole phosphate loadings.

关键词： phosphate internal release redox condition ferrous/phosphate ratio Lake Taihu.

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Extraction and characterization of bound extracellular polymeric substances from cultured pure cyanobacterium(Microcystis wesenbergii)

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2014年第8期26卷 1725-1732页

作者： Lizhen Liu boqiang qin Yunlin zhang guangwei zhu guang gao Qi Huang Xin Yao State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography & LimnologyChinese Academy of Sciences University of chinese academy of sciences School of Environment and Planning Liaocheng University

Preliminary characterization of bound extracellular polymeric substances（bEPS） of cyanobacteria is crucial to obtain a better understanding of the formation mechanism of cyanobacterial bloom. However,the characterization of bEPS can be affected by extraction methods. Five sets（including the control） of bEPS from Microcystis extracted by different methods were characterized using three-dimensional excitation and emission matrix（3DEEM） fluorescence spectroscopy combined chemical spectrophotometry; and the characterization results of bEPS samples were further compared. The agents used for extraction were NaOH,pure water and phosphate buffered saline（PBS） containing cationic exchange resins,and hot water. Extraction methods affected the fluorescence signals and intensities in the bEPS. Five fluorescence peaks were observed in the excitation and emission matrix fluorescence spectra of bEPS samples. Two peaks（peaks T1 and T2） present in all extractions were identified as protein-like fluorophores,two（peaks A and C） as humic-like fluorophores,and one（peak E） as a fulvic-like *** these substances,the humic-like and fulvic-like fluorescences were only seen in the bEPS extracted with hot water. Also,NaOH solution extraction could result in strong fluorescence intensities compared to the other extraction methods. It was suggested that NaOH at pH 10.0 was the most appropriate method to extract bEPS from Microcystis. In addition,dialysis could affect the yields and characteristics of extracted bEPS during the determination process. These results will help us to explore the issues of cyanobacterial blooms.

关键词： Bound extracellular polymeric substances(bEPS) Extraction Fluorescence intensities Microcystis Three-dimensional excitation and emission matrix(3DEEM)

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SEDIMENT PROPERTIES AND DYNAMICS IN THE TAIHU LAKE,china

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2006年第4期21卷 312-320页

作者： liancong luo1, boqiang qin2, guang gao3, guangwei zhu4, and Jinshan zhang51 Assis. Prof., 2,3Prof.,4 Assoc. Prof., nanjing institute of geography and limnology, CAS, nanjing 210008, china 5 Prof., nanjing institute of Hydrological sciences, Ministry of Water Resources, nanjing 210024, china nanjing institute of geography and limnology CASNanjing 210008China nanjing institute of Hydrological sciences Ministry of Water ResourcesNanjing 210024China

Time-series measurements of wave, current and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) weremade at three sites (Sites 1-3) and sediment samples were collected at different locations (Sites 4-7)in Lake Taihu. The significant wave height, length and period during the observation were 0.155 m,3.45 m and 1.9 s and the mean current speed was 0.08 m/s. The size distribution results show thatthe sediment is well sorted, coarse-skewed and very leptokurtic in the upper 10 cm and clay andfine silt can account for more than 70 % of the total within this depth. The median size remainsconstant vertically in the top 10 cm in the eastern, southern, and northern areas of the lake, butchanges significantly in the eastern area resulting from the short retention time of water in this *** realistic settling velocity of suspended particles varies in the range of 0.01~0.05 cm s-1 andthey sink in a flocculated form rather than individually. Based on a simple mass flux model, thesediment erosion rate was estimated to range between 10-7 and 10-5 kg/m2.s. The results in thisstudy can be a great contribution to the development of a sediment transportation model in LakeTaihu.

关键词： Sediment Resuspension Erosion rate Settling velocity Lake Taihu

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Lake eutrophication and its ecosystem response

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chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第9期58卷 961-970页

作者： qin boqiang gao guang zhu guangwei zhang YunLin SONG YuZhi TANG XiangMing XU Hai DENG JianMing nanjing institute of geography & limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology

china is a country with many lakes,about one-third of which are freshwater mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze *** most of the lakes are mesotrophic or *** eutrophication has become one of the major ecological and environmental problems faced by lakes in china and can lead to a series of abnormal ecosystem responses,including extinction of submerged plants,frequent occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms,increased microbial biomass and productivity,decreased biodiversity,accelerated cycles,and a change in the efficient use of *** development of eutrophication,the whole lake ecosystem suffers decreased biodiversity,simplification of biotic community structure,instability of the ecosystem,and ultimately the clear-water,macrophyte-dominated ecosystem gradually shifts to a turbid-water,algae-dominated *** ecosystem succession mechanism is speculated to be caused by different nutrient utilization efficiencies of macrophytes and *** ultimate ecosystem succession trend of seriously eutrophic lakes is that a phytoplankton-dominated autotrophic lake shifts to a heterotrophic lake dominated by micro-organisms,protozoans.

关键词：湖泊生态系统湖泊富营养化生物多样性生态环境问题水体富营养化生物群落结构养分利用效率生态系统演替

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Status of aquatic organisms resources and their environments in Yangtze River system(2017-2021)⋆

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第5期9卷 833-850页

作者： Haile Yang Li Shen Yongfeng He Huiwu Tian Lei gao Jinming Wu Zhigang Mei Nian Wei Lin Wang Tingbing zhu Feifei Hu Jinling Gong Hongchun Du Xinbin Duan Huatang Deng Daoqun Wang Fengyue zhu Yunfeng Li Fan Wu Huijun Ru Yan zhang Junyi Li Junlin Yang Yuntao Zhou Dongdong Fang Yinping Wang Danqing Lin Yanping Yang Peijie Li Silei Liu Jian Yang Ping zhuang Sikai Wang Tao zhang Gang Yang Wenbo Yang Lilai Yuan Kun Cao Shuo Xu Huiyuan Liu Zhiqiang Liang Chongrui Wang Hong Li Xiping Yuan Xin Yang Yilong Fu Yanping zhang Haixin zhang Zhiying Tao Sheng Wang Xiaoping gao Binsong Jin Kemao Li guojie Wang Shenglong Jian Yingqin Li Chenjiang Xue Chunyun Lei Shaowei Xue Yi Sun Bin zhu Ke Shao Xingkun Hu Meihua Xiong Jun Du Bin He Tao Yan Yingying Huang Yuanchao Zou Biwen Xie Yongming Wang Bin Li Fei Liu Yaoyao zhang Fei Fan Zhijian Wang Jing Huang Haoran gu Hailong Ge Yan Dan Yan Li Shuqiao Wang Chuang zhang lu Zhou Xue Wang Sheng Zeng Yan Xiang Xugang He Jianhui qin Chengxing Xia Jie Hou Yifu Shi Lifang gao Zhiqiang zhu Hongbao Shen Yun Du Xuejun Duan Jiawu Xiong Deguo Yang Shaoping Liu Zhaohui Ni Hui zhang Kai Liu Feng Zhao Yingren Li Jianwei Wang Qiwei Wei Yangtze River Fisheries Research institute Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesWuhan430223China institute of Hydrobiology Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430072China Fishery Resource and Environment Research Center Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesBeijing100141China Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsFreshwater Fisheries Research CenterChinese Academy of Fishery SciencesWuxi214081China East china Sea Fisheries Research institute Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesShanghai200090China institute of Fisheries Engineering Chinese Academy of Fishery SciencesBeijing100141China Hunan Fisheries Science institute Changsha410153China Jiangxi Fisheries Research institute Nanchang330039China Jiujiang academy of Fishery sciences Jiujiang332000China School of Life sciences Nanchang UniversityNanchang330031China qinghai Provincial Fishery Technology Extension Center Xining810012China Yunnan academy of Fishery sciences Kunming650111China institute of Hydroecology Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430079China Fisheries institute Sichuan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChengdu611731China School of Life sciences Neijiang Normal UniversityNeijiang641100China School of Life sciences Southwest UniversityChongqing400715China Chongqing Fishery sciences Research institute Chongqing401120China guizhou Fisheries Research institute Guiyang550025China College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430072China Hubei Fisheries Science Research institute Wuhan430070China Shaanxi Fisheries Research institute Xi’an710086China Innovation academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan430077China nanjing institute of geography and limnology Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing210008China Central South Inventory and Planning institute of State Forestry and Grassland Administration Changsha410014China

The Yangtze River is the mother river of *** promote the aquatic ecosystem protection of the great river,the Project of Yangtze Fisheries Resources and Environment Investigation(2017-2021)supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,*** carried out by 24 institutes and universities that located in the Yangtze River basin surveys the status of(1)fish species composition and spatial distribution,(2)current fish abundance,(3)endangered fishes,(4)Yangtze finless porpoise,(5)aquatic eco-environments,(6)water-level fluctuation areas,(7)capture fisheries and recreational fisheries of the Yangtze River mainstream and 10 of its main tributaries,including Yalong River,Heng River,Min River(including Dadu River),Chishui River,Tuo River,Jialing River,Wu River,Han River,Dongting Lake and Poyang *** results showed that there were 443 fish species(belonging to 163 genus,37 families,and 18 orders)before 2017,but only 323 fish species(including 15 new recorded exotic species)were recorded in the project of *** them,Cyprinus carpio,Carassius auratus,Hypophthalmichthys molitrix,Pelteobagrus fulvidraco,Coilia brachygnathus,Silurus asotus,Saurogobio dabryi,Ctenopharyngodon idellus,Pelteobagrus nitidus,Hemiculter leucisculus,Siniperca chuatsi,Coreius heterodon,Culter alburnus,Parabramis pekinensis,and Aristichthys nobilis were the dominant species across the whole Yangtze River *** is estimated that there were 886 million individuals weighing 124.8 million kg,merely equivalent to 27.3%of the resources in 1950s,30.9%of the resources in 1960s,or 58.7%of the resources in *** the new list of protected fishes that recorded in the Yangtze River system,only 15 of 29 were collected in this project of *** gladius has been affirmed to be Extinct by International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN).The wild individuals of Tenualosa reevesii and luciobrama macrocephalus have disappeared for many years and maybe have been extinct

关键词： Fishes Yangtze finless porpoise Resources Aquatic ecosystem Fisheries Background investigation Yangtze river system

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Radiation dimming and decreasing water clarity fuel underwater darkening in lakes

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Science Bulletin 2020年第19期65卷 1675-1684,M0004页

作者： Yunlin zhang boqiang qin Kun Shi Yibo zhang Jianming Deng Martin Wild Lin Li Yongqiang Zhou Xiaolong Yao Miao Liu guangwei zhu lu zhang binhe gu Justin D.Brookes Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and EnvironmentNanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science Zurich CH-8001Switzerland Department of Earth sciences Indiana University-Purdue UniversityIndianapolis IN 46202USA Soil and Water Science Department University of FloridaGainesville FL 32611USA Water Research Centre Environment InstituteSchool of Biological ScienceUniversity of AdelaideAdelaide 5005Australia

Long-term decreases in the incident total radiation and water clarity might substantially affect the underwater light environment in aquatic ***,the underlying mechanism and relative contributions of radiation dimming and decreasing water clarity to the underwater light environment on a national or global scale remains largely ***,we present a comprehensive dataset of unprecedented scale in china’s lakes to address the combined effects of radiation dimming and decreasing water clarity on underwater ***-term total radiation and sunshine duration showed 5.8%and 7.9%decreases,respectively,after 2000 compared to 1961–1970,resulting in net radiation *** in situ Secchi disk depth(SDD)dataset in 170 lakes showed that the mean SDD significantly decreased from 1.80±2.19 m before 1995 to 1.28±1.82 m after *** remote sensing estimations for 641 lakes with areas≥10 km^2 showed that SDD markedly decreased from 1.26±0.62 m during 1985–1990 to 1.14±0.66 m during 2005–*** dimming and decreasing water clarity jointly caused an approximately 10%decrease in the average available photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)in the euphotic *** results revealed a more important role of decreasing water clarity in underwater darkening than radiation dimming.A meta-analysis of long-term SDD observation data from 61 various waters further elucidated a global extensive underwater *** darkening implies a decrease in water quality for potable water supplies,recession in macrophytes and benthic algae,and decreases in benthic primary production,fishery production,and biodiversity.

关键词： Radiation dimming Underwater darkening Secchi disk depth Remote sensing Aquatic ecosystems

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CEPC Technical Design Report

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2024年第1期8卷 I0003-I0016,1-1091页

作者： Waleed Abdallah Tiago Carlos Adorno de Freitas Konstantin Afanaciev Shakeel Ahmad Ijaz Ahmed Xiaocong Ai Abid Aleem Wolfgang Altmannshofer Fabio Alves Weiming An Rui An Daniele Paolo Anderle Stefan Antusch Yasuo Arai Andrej Arbuzov Abdesslam Arhrib Mustafa Ashry Sha Bai Yu Bai Yang Bai Vipul Bairathi Csaba Balazs Philip Bambade Yong Ban Tripamo Bandyopadhyay Shou-Shan Bao Desmond P.Barber Ayse Bat Varvara Batozskaya Subash Chandra Behera Alexander Belyaev Michele Bertucci Xiao-Jun Bi Yuanjie Bi Tianjian Bian Fabrizio Bianchi Thomas Biekotter Michela Biglietti Shalva Bilanishvili Deng Binglin Denis Bodrov Anton Bogomyagkov Serge Bondarenko Stewart Boogert Maarten Boonekamp Marcello Borri Angelo Bosotti Vincent Boudry Mohammed Boukidi Igor Boyko Ivanka Bozovic Giuseppe Bozzi Jean-Claude Brient Anastasiia Budzinskaya Masroor Bukhari Vladimir Bytev Giacomo Cacciapaglia Hua Cai Wenyong Cai Wujun Cai Yijian Cai Yizhou Cai Yuchen Cai Haiying Cai Huacheng Cai Lorenzo Calibbi Junsong Cang guofu Cao Jianshe Cao Antoine Chance Xuejun Chang Yue Chang Zhe Chang Xinyuan Chang Wei Chao Auttakit Chatrabhuti Yimin Che Yuzhi Che Bin Chen Danping Chen Fuqing Chen Fusan Chen Gang Chen guoming Chen Hua-Xing Chen Huirun Chen Jinhui Chen Ji-Yuan Chen Kai Chen Mali Chen Mingjun Chen Mingshui Chen Ning Chen Shanhong Chen Shanzhen Chen Shao-Long Chen Shaomin Chen Shiqiang Chen Tianlu Chen Wei Chen Xiang Chen Xiaoyu Chen Xin Chen Xun Chen Xurong Chen Ye Chen Ying Chen Yukai Chen Zelin Chen Zilin Chen Gang Chen Boping Chen Chunhui Chen Hok Chuen Cheng Huajie Cheng Shan Cheng Tongguang Cheng Yunlong Chi Pietro Chimenti Wen Han Chiu guk Cho Ming-Chung Chu Xiaotong Chu Ziliang Chu guglielmo Coloretti Andreas Crivellin Hanhua Cui Xiaohao Cui Zhaoyuan Cui Brunella D'Anzi Ling-Yun Dai Xinchen Dai Xuwen Dai Antonio De Maria Nicola De Filippis Christophe De La Taille Francesca De Mori Chiara De Sio Elisa Del Core Shuangxue Deng Wei-Tian Deng Zhi Deng Ziyan Deng Bhupal Dev Tang Dewen Biagio Di Micco Ran Ding Siqin Dingl Yadong Ding Haiyi Dong Jianin AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer ScienceKrakow Anhui University HefeiAnhui Applied Physics Department Federal Urdu University of ArtsScience and TechnologyIslamabad Banaras Hindu University Institute of ScienceVaranasi Bandirma Onyedi Eylul University Bandirma Beihang University Beijing Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing Beijing Conveyi LTD Beijing Beijing Glass Research institute Co. LtdBeijing Beijing institute of Technology Beijing Beijing Normal University Beijing Brown University ProvidenceRI Budker institute of Nuclear Physics Novosibirsk Cadi Ayyad University Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied PhysicsPolydisciplinary FacultyMarrakech Cairo University Giza Center for Theory and Computation National Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu Central china Normal University WuhanHubei Central South University ChangshaHunan Centro de Fisica Teorica de Particulas Universidade Tecnica de LisboaLisboa Chengdu KaitengSifang Digital Radio&TV Equipment Co. LtdChengduSichuan china academy of engineering physics MianyangSichuan china building materials academy Beijing china Center of Advanced Science and Technology Beijing china institute of Atomic Energy Beijing china Jiliang University HangzhouZhejiang china Nuclear Instrument CO. LTDBeijing china University of Geosciences Beijing china University of Geosciences WuhanHubei china University of Mining and Technology XuzhouJiangsu china West Normal University NanchongSichuan Chongqing University Department of PhysicsChongqing Chulalongkorn University Bangkok City University of Hong Kong Department of PhysicsHong Kong Cockcroft institute Daresbury Cornell University IthacaNY CPPM(AMU/IPhU&CNRS/INP) Marseille Dalian Minzu University DalianLiaoning Dalian University of Technology Department of PhysicsDalian Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY Hamburg Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems of Joint institute for Nuclear Research(DLNP JINR) Dubna East china University Of Science And Technol

The Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC)is a large scientific project initiated and hosted by china,fostered through extensive collaboration with international *** complex comprises four accelerators:a 30 GeV Linac,a 1.1 GeV Damping Ring,a Booster capable of achieving energies up to 180 GeV,and a Collider operating at varying energy modes(Z,W,H,and tt).The Linac and Damping Ring are situated on the surface,while the subterranean Booster and Collider are housed in a 100 km circumference underground tunnel,strategically accommodating future expansion with provisions for a potential Super Proton Proton Collider(SPPC).The CEPC primarily serves as a Higgs *** its baseline design with synchrotron radiation(SR)power of 30 MW per beam,it can achieve a luminosity of 5×10^(34)cm^(-2)s^(-1)per interaction point(IP),resulting in an integrated luminosity of 13 ab^(-1)for two IPs over a decade,producing 2.6 million Higgs *** the SR power to 50 MW per beam expands the CEPC's capability to generate 4.3 million Higgs bosons,facilitating precise measurements of Higgs coupling at sub-percent levels,exceeding the precision expected from the HL-LHC by an order of *** Technical Design Report(TDR)follows the Preliminary Conceptual Design Report(Pre-CDR,2015)and the Conceptual Design Report(CDR,2018),comprehensively detailing the machine's layout,performance metrics,physical design and analysis,technical systems design,R&D and prototyping efforts,and associated civil engineering ***,it includes a cost estimate and a preliminary construction timeline,establishing a framework for forthcoming engineering design phase and site selection *** is anticipated to begin around 2027-2028,pending government approval,with an estimated duration of 8 *** commencement of experiments and data collection could potentially be initiated in the mid-2030s.

关键词： initiated exceeding precise

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