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History and possible mechanisms of prehistoric human migration to the Tibetan Plateau

Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第9期59卷 1765-1778页

作者： ZHANG DongJu DONG GuangHui WANG Hui REN XiaoYan HA PiPu'u qiang mingrui CHEN FaHui Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems Ministry of Education College of Earth Environmental Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Gansu Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeological Research Lanzhou 730000 China Qinghai Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeological Research Xining 810007 China Cultural Relic Conservation Institute Lhasa 850000 China

Prehistoric human history on the Tibetan Plateau is a hotly debated topic. Archaeological research on the plateau during the past few decades has enormously improved our understanding of the topic and makes it possible for us to consider the processes and mechanisms of prehistoric human migration to the region. By reviewing the published archaeological research on the Tibetan Plateau, we propose that the first people on the plateau initially spread into the He-Huang region from the Chinese Loess Plateau, and then moved to the low elevation Northeastern Tibetan Plateau and perhaps subsequently to the entire plateau. This process consisted of four stages.(1) During the climatic amelioration of the Last Deglacial period(15–11.6 ka BP), Upper Paleolithic hunter-gatherers with a developed microlithic technology first spread into the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau.(2) In the early-mid Holocene(11.6–6 ka BP), Epipaleolithic microlithic hunter-gatherers were widely distributed on the northeastern plateau and spread southwards to the interior plateau, possibly with millet agriculture developed in the neighboring low elevation regions.(3) In the mid-late Holocene(6–4 ka BP), Neolithic millet farmers spread into low elevation river valleys in the northeastern and southeastern plateau areas.(4) In the late Holocene(4–2.3 ka BP), Bronze Age barley and wheat farmers further settled on the high elevation regions of the Tibetan Plateau, especially after 3.6 ka BP. Finally, we suggest that all of the reported Paleolithic sites earlier than the LGM on the Tibetan Plateau need further examination.

关键词：西藏高原可能机制人类迁徙人类历史青藏高原东北部低海拔地区旧石器时代全新世中晚期

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The discovery of annually laminated sediments (varves) from shallow Sugan Lake in inland arid China and their paleoclimatic significance

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Science China Earth Sciences 2007年第8期50卷 1218-1224页

作者： ZHOU AiFeng CHEN FaHu qiang mingrui YANG MeiLin ZHANG JiaWu CAEP Key Laboratory of West China’s Environmental System(Ministry of Education)Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

Detailed examination of sedimentary cores retrieved from Sugan Lake in the northern Qaidam Basin of northwest China’s Tibetan Plateau reveal that fine laminated beddings form in the sediments where water depth exceeds 3 m. Seasonal surface sediments trapped at the bottom of the lake suggest that sediments deposited during summer and autumn are mainly light colored monohydrocalcites, while those deposited in winter are dark organic matter, indicating that varve layers form under modern limnological conditions. Continuous varve sediments comprising four types have accumulated in the upper 5.5 m of Core SG03I from the center of the lake. All types exhibit clear seasonality indicative of annual deposition. Varve counts correspondence with 210Pb dates on recent sediments in the upper core suggest the continuous varves of the upper 5.5 m of the core formed in the late Holocene (2670 a BP). The Sugan Lake varve sequence is the first demonstration of annually laminated sediments re-ported in arid western China.

关键词： Sugan Lake varve Tibetan Plateau arid China

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Climatic changes documented by stable isotopes of sedimentary carbonate in Lake Sugan,northeastern Tibetan Plateau of China,since 2 kaBP

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第17期50卷 1930-1939页

作者： qiang mingrui CHEN Fahu ZHANG Jiawu GAO Shang-yu ZHOU Aifeng China Center of Desert Research at Beijing Normal University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Changes and Natural Disaster Ministry of Education of China Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Center for Arid Environment and Paleoclimate Research (CAEP) Natiunal Laboratory of Western China's Environmental System Ministry of Education of China Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China

Lake Sugan at the northern edge of the Qaidam Basin was selected as the research object. The temporal se-quence of sedimentary cores retrieved from Lake Sugan since 2 kaBP was reconstructed using the 210Pb, AMS 14C and conventional 14C dating methods. Carbon and oxygen iso-topes of carbonate in the fine-grained lake sediments were analysed. Combined with the changes of δ 18O values of sur-face water and air temperature observation data in the study area, it might be thought that the δ 18O value of the carbon-ate indicates effective moisture, and the changes in δ 13C val-ues are related to annual freeze-up duration of the lake and indirectly indicate air temperature changes in winter half year. From the above, the sequence of climatic changes in the region since 2 kaBP was established. The climatic changes experienced five stages: Warm-dry climate during 0-190 AD; cold-dry climate during 190-580 AD; warm-dry cli-mate during 580-1200 AD (MWP); cold-wet climate during 1200-1880 AD (LIA); cold-dry climate during 1880-1950 AD; and climate warming since 1950s. The air temperature changes in winter half year reflected by carbon isotope since 2 kaBP are in good agreement with the historical literature records and other geologic records, which shows that the climate changes recorded by the stable isotopes from Lake Sugan since 2 kaBP are of universal significance.

关键词：气候变化同位素稳定性碳酸盐沉积作用青藏高原

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Changes in palaeoproductivity of Genggahai Lake over the past 16 ka in the Gonghe Basin,northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第20期57卷 2595-2605页

作者： SONG Lei qiang mingrui LANG LiLi LIU XingXing WANG Qin LI MingZhi MOE Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Cold&Arid Regions Environmental&Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Sequential samples of a 7.82-m sediment core from Genggahai Lake in the central Gonghe Basin,controlled with 12 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14 C dates,have been analysed for total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents,carbon isotope of bulk organic matter (δ 13 C org),and carbonate content.Plant macrofossils and stem encrustations,derived mainly from the species of P.pectinatus,M.spicatum and Chara spp.,were identified,and they dominated the aquatic plant community of the lake.Alternations of plant macrofossils of Chara spp.and the vascular species reflect the changing productivity of the lake over time.In such a shallow lake,the carbonate content is highly related to photosynthesis of aquatic macrophytes and thus indirectly indicates variations in productivity,consistent with a quantitative estimate of palaeoproductivity.Based on these results,the palaeoproductivity history was reconstructed over the past ca.16 ka.The lake was formed or recharged at 15.3 cal ka BP,as indicated by aeolian sand deposits at the core base.A marked increase in palaeoproductivity occurred from 15.3 to 11.6 cal ka BP.Between 11.6 and 9.2 cal ka BP,a sharply increased water-level,modulated probably by the enhanced Asian summer monsoon,might have exceeded the optimum water depth for macrophyte vegetation,causing a marked decline in coverage of aquatic macrophytes and low palaeoproductivity.The palaeoproductivity appeared to be high in the early stage of the period from 9.2 to 7.4 cal ka BP,and then decreased at approximately 8.6 cal ka BP.The palaeoproductivity sustained an overall high level between 7.4 and 2.1 cal ka BP,and decreased gradually since 2.1 cal ka BP.Our results suggest that the variability of Genggahai Lake palaeoproductivity may be associated with fluctuations of the lake level controlled by the strength of the Asian summer monsoon,probably indicating changes in the Asian summer monsoon.

关键词：共和盆地青藏高原东北部水生植物碳酸盐含量碳同位素分析浅水湖泊夏季季风强度控制

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Relationship between climatic conditions and the relative abundance of modern C_3 and C_4 plants in three regions around the North Pacific

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第18期55卷 1931-1936页

作者： RAO ZhiGuo ZHU ZhaoYu JIA GuoDong CHEN FaHu BARTON Loukas ZHANG JiaWu qiang mingrui Key Laboratory of Marginal Sea Geology Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China Key Laboratory of Western China's Environment Systems (Ministry of Education) Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China Department of Anthropology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Katmai National Park and Preserve King Salmon AK 99613 USA

Using -24‰ and -14‰ as the endpoints of stable carbon isotopic composition of total organic carbon (δ 13CTOC) of surface soil under pure C3 and C4 vegetation, and surface soil δ 13CTOC data from eastern China, Australia and the Great Plains of North America, we estimate the relative abundance of C3/C4 plants (i.e., the ratio of C3 or C4 biomass to local primary production) in modern vegetation for each region. The relative abundance of modern C3/C4 vegetation from each region is compared to the corresponding climatic parameters (mean annual temperature and precipitation) to explore the relationship between relative C4 abundance and climate. The results indicate that temperature controls the growth of C4 plants. However, even where temperature is high enough for the growth of C4 plants, they will only dominate the landscape when precipitation declines as temperatures increase. Our results are consistent with those of other investigations of the geographic distribution of modern C4 plant species. Therefore, our results provide an important reference for interpretation of past C3/C4 relative abundance records in these three regions.

关键词：相对丰度 C4植物气候条件周围地区北太平洋表层土壤植物生长温度控制

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更尕海现代碎屑物质粒度组成空间分异及其输入过程

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第四纪研究 2010年第6期30卷 1199-1208页

作者：宋磊强明瑞兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室兰州730000

文章分析了更尕海表层沉积、流域地表沉积、湖泊水体沉积以及岩芯沉积等的粒度组成,并比较了不同沉积类型之间有关的沉积动力联系。更尕海表层沉积具有4种类型的粒度分布模式,其粒度组成由两个端元组分(粗、细颗粒组分)或者二者的混合... 详细信息

文章分析了更尕海表层沉积、流域地表沉积、湖泊水体沉积以及岩芯沉积等的粒度组成,并比较了不同沉积类型之间有关的沉积动力联系。更尕海表层沉积具有4种类型的粒度分布模式,其粒度组成由两个端元组分(粗、细颗粒组分)或者二者的混合构成。湖泊现代沉积物表现出自西北向东南逐渐变细的趋势。粗颗粒组分主要由风力输入,反映了流域风场状况或风沙活动的强度(如尘暴事件);而细颗粒组分输入过程复杂,其环境意义需要进一步理解。更尕海沉积岩芯样品具有类似于湖泊表层沉积的粒度组成特征,然而其粗颗粒组分的变化可能还受控于湖泊水域面积的分异作用。未来的工作拟将在合理评价湖泊水位变化的基础上。

关键词：粒度湖泊沉积风沙活动更尕海共和盆地

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中国海岸风沙沉积记录的环境变化

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中国沙漠 2022年第3期42卷 51-62页

作者：贾虹孙智妍谢金明陈杰郑影华强明瑞华南师范大学地理科学学院广东广州510631 兰州大学资源环境学院甘肃兰州730000 北京师范大学防沙治沙教育部工程研究中心北京100875

海岸是陆、海、气相互作用的地带。海岸风沙沉积是这一特殊动力环境的产物,是研究海岸环境演变及海平面变化的良好信息载体。中国海岸主要存在3种风沙沉积,分别为“老红砂”、沙丘岩及海岸沙丘。本文通过比较已报道的风沙堆积的物质组... 详细信息

海岸是陆、海、气相互作用的地带。海岸风沙沉积是这一特殊动力环境的产物,是研究海岸环境演变及海平面变化的良好信息载体。中国海岸主要存在3种风沙沉积,分别为“老红砂”、沙丘岩及海岸沙丘。本文通过比较已报道的风沙堆积的物质组成、地层变化等,进一步总结了海岸风沙沉积的特征;选择已开展绝对测年的沉积剖面,利用概率密度函数分析了风沙沉积年代的分布特征,考察了中国海岸风沙活动历史,结合其他气候记录,探讨了不同地质历史时期海岸风沙堆积的关键影响因素。结果表明:“老红砂”沉积主要记录了冰期-间冰期尺度的风沙活动,在120 ka BP前后、73—55 ka BP等时期,风沙活动主要与海平面下降时陆架提供的丰富沙源和强盛的冬季风有关;而在105 ka BP、80 ka BP前后,风沙活动与高海平面时期丰富的沙源或季风气候的季节性增强有关;55 ka BP以来风沙活动强度降低更多地反映了沉积记录保存环境的变化,末次冰期海岸风沙沉积大多分布在现代海面之下,并不代表实际的海岸风沙活动减弱。相比之下,海岸沙丘沉积所记录的风沙活动主要发生在近3000 a,可能与中国海岸冬季风的增强有关。

关键词：海岸风沙年代控制风沙活动沉积过程环境变化

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鄂尔多斯盆地东部高家堡地区下古生界断裂分层变形特征及形成机制

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石油实验地质 2024年第3期46卷 542-552页

作者：陈平李明瑞李维强敏路鹏程于小伟韩伟中国石油东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司研究院长庆分院西安710021 中国石油长庆油田分公司勘探事业部西安710018

近年来,鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组五段以深地层相继取得勘探突破,揭示了其巨大的勘探潜力。随着高精度三维地震资料的部署以及油气勘探的深入,断裂对马五段以深气藏的控制作用越发凸显。基于高精度三维地震资料,在系统刻画高家堡地区... 详细信息

近年来,鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组五段以深地层相继取得勘探突破,揭示了其巨大的勘探潜力。随着高精度三维地震资料的部署以及油气勘探的深入,断裂对马五段以深气藏的控制作用越发凸显。基于高精度三维地震资料,在系统刻画高家堡地区断裂几何学特征的基础上,解剖断裂典型构造样式,建立断裂形成演化模式,并结合钻井试气资料探讨断裂对马五段以深气藏差异富集的控制作用。研究取得了以下认识:鄂尔多斯盆地高家堡地区下古生界断裂具有明显的分层变形特征,盆地内马三段、马五段两套膏盐岩是造成断裂分层的主要原因之一;高家堡地区下古生界主要发育具有压扭性质的走滑断裂和逆冲断裂;通过对高家堡地区地层构造形态及断裂样式的研究,推测燕山构造运动是对加里东构造运动形成的断裂影响最大的一期后期改造运动;高家堡地区地层构造隆升期与油气充注期耦合,断裂具有改善储层、沟通源岩、控制圈闭等多重作用。

关键词：燕山期加里东期断裂分层奥陶系高家堡地区鄂尔多斯盆地

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共和盆地更尕海湖泊现代水环境与碳酸盐碳氧同位素组成变化

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科学通报 2015年第9期60卷 847-856页

作者：金彦香强明瑞刘英英李渊李昊李丰山兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室兰州730000

通过分析更尕海轮藻碳酸盐结壳、软体动物壳体等碳氧同位素的季节变化,结合湖水溶解无机碳（DIC）碳同位素（δ13CDIC）和湖水氧同位素（δ18OLake）,探讨其与现代湖泊水体环境的关系.结果表明,5~8月,轮藻植物生长速率约为5~6 cm/月;期... 详细信息

通过分析更尕海轮藻碳酸盐结壳、软体动物壳体等碳氧同位素的季节变化,结合湖水溶解无机碳（DIC）碳同位素（δ13CDIC）和湖水氧同位素（δ18OLake）,探讨其与现代湖泊水体环境的关系.结果表明,5~8月,轮藻植物生长速率约为5~6 cm/月;期间,沉水植物强烈的光合作用和碳酸盐的析出导致湖水pH升高,同时湖水DIC和Ca2＋含量显著下降.结合流域水体氧同位素、气温和降水量等观测资料,指出更尕海湖泊水位季节变化是区域降水量与蒸发作用平衡的结果;湖水氧同位素组成主要受入湖水氧同位素组成、湖泊内蒸发过程和降水量等的影响.软体动物壳体氧、碳同位素组成可分别代表δ18OLake与δ13CDIC的年际变化.然而,轮藻结壳氧同位素与δ18OLake之间非平衡分馏效应显著,有待于进一步开展工作.

关键词：碳酸盐稳定同位素轮藻结壳软体动物壳体水体环境

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柴达木盆地苏干湖表层沉积与尘暴事件——元素示踪的初步结果

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湖泊科学 2006年第6期18卷 590-596页

作者：强明瑞鲁瑞洁张家武肖舜陈发虎兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室中德干旱环境联合研究中心兰州730000 北京师范大学中国沙漠研究中心北京100875

通过分析苏干湖地区10个地表表层沉积物、9个大气降尘(含2个尘暴降尘)、16个湖泊表层沉积物等样品的8种常量-微量元素和11种稀土元素的含量,以及同类沉积不同元素含量和不同沉积同一元素含量的相关性,结果表明,在湖泊沉积体系中Al、Fe... 详细信息

通过分析苏干湖地区10个地表表层沉积物、9个大气降尘(含2个尘暴降尘)、16个湖泊表层沉积物等样品的8种常量-微量元素和11种稀土元素的含量,以及同类沉积不同元素含量和不同沉积同一元素含量的相关性,结果表明,在湖泊沉积体系中Al、Fe、Sc含量的变化与强风-尘暴过程有关,指示了湖泊沉积碎屑颗粒风成输入的可能性．元素Fe、Sc含量在3种不同的沉积物中差异不大,与尘暴事件的强度和频次有关．稀土元素结果显示3类沉积具有同源性．苏干湖沉积可以用来重建研究区尘暴演化历史．

关键词：尘暴事件降尘元素示踪苏干湖

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