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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2025年第1期 189-212页

作者： LIU Meiying MIN Leilei WU Lin ZHANG Yucui qi yongqing WANG Shiqin LIU Binbin GENG Di SHEN Yanjun Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-Saving Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water ResourcesCenter for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyCAS School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nitrate （NO3-） accumulation and transport processes in the thick vadose zone affect the evolution of the groundwater NO3-content in intensive agricultural *** land-use change （ALUC）,typically accompanied by substantial alterations in nitrogen fertilizer application and irrigation practices,is an important influencing *** study evaluated the changes in NO3-accumulation and transport in the deep vadose zone （DVZ,below the root zone）,and the groundwater NO3-content associated with ALUC from grain to vegetable fields in the North China Plain （NCP）.The ALUC from grain to vegetable resulted in nitrate–nitrogen （NO3--N） accumulation in DVZ increased by 235.5 kg ha-1m-1（163.2%） in the piedmont plain and 224.9 kg ha-1m-1（102.7%） in the central plain,*** change accelerated downward transport velocity in the DVZ (from 0.81±0.47 to 0.89±0.55 m yr-1in the piedmont plain,and from 0.24±0.12 to 0.92±0.12 m yr-1in the central plain) and increased NO3-leaching *** transport velocity and leaching fluxes resulted in chemical N-fertilizer entering the aquifer in several areas in the piedmont *** impact of the agricultural activity intensity changes,accompanied by the ALUC,on groundwater quantity and quality should be considered in similar regions.

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Soil erosion rates and characteristics of typical alpine meadow using ~137Cs technique in qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第16期56卷 1708-1713页

作者： SHAO Quanqin XIAO Tong LIU JiYuan qi yongqing Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Center for Agricultural Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang 050021 China

Alpine meadow is the predominant ecosystem in qinghai-Tibet *** firm turf of alpine meadow formed by sub-surface anfractuous roots can be effective in conserving water and *** meadow is a primary contributor to the Chinese Water *** quantitative assess anti-erosion ability of alpine meadow,this paper selected three typical meadow slopes with>60% vegetation coverage to evaluate soil erosion rates using *** results showed that(1)soil erosion intensity of typical alpine meadow was slight to *** rates were 464 t km–2 a–1 in Malong Village,415 t km–2 a–1 in Yeniugou Town and 875 t km–2 a–1 in Zhenqin Town respectively;(2)soil erosion rates were correlated negatively with vegetation coverage,and the relationship was clearer at the slope scale than plot scale;(3)the relationship between soil erosion and vegetation coverage showed that vegetation coverage was a predominant factor in retaining soil and water on *** complete turf and high vegetation coverage, alpine meadow was of great significance for soil conservation and prevention of soil erosion.

关键词：高寒草甸草地土壤侵蚀速率 137Cs 青藏高原植被覆盖度植被覆盖率土壤侵蚀率技术

Using ^(137)Cs tracing technique to estimate wind erosion rates in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第9期53卷 1423-1430页

作者： qi yongqing LIU JiYuan SHI HuaDing HU YunFeng ZHUANG DaFang Institute of Geographic Sciences and Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China

Wind erosion is one of the major factors of land degradation in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. Using 137Cs tracing technique, we estimated the wind erosion rates of different pastures and abandoned farmland at Bayannur and Karakorum in Mongolia. The pastures and cutting grassland at Bayannur were slightly eroded by wind, with the rates of 64.58-169.07 t·km?2·a?1. The abandoned farmland in Karakorum, however, was strongly eroded by wind, with annual surface soil loss of 4.05 mm·a?1, and wind erosion rates up to 6723.06 t·km?2·a?1. The total loss of surface soil due to wind erosion has been 17.4 cm since the cultivation of the steppe land in the 1960s. The wind ero- sion rate at the abandoned farmland was much higher than that at the typical steppe sites, showing that the cultivation led to serious wind erosion in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. By contrast, traditional livestock grazing resulted in less disturbance to the surface soil, and did not in- duce to devastating wind erosion, which plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the steppe ecosystem in the northern Mongolian Plateau.

关键词：蒙古高原北部草原风蚀铯元素跟踪技术

Estimation of wind erosion rates by using ^(137)Cs tracing technique:A case study in Tariat-Xilin Gol transect, Mongolian Plateau

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第5期53卷 751-758页

作者： LIU JiYuan SHI HuaDing qi yongqing ZHUANG DaFang HU YunFeng Institute of Geographic Sciences and Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China

Wind erosion is one of the major environmental problems in semi-arid and arid regions. Here we es- tablished the Tariat-Xilin Gol transect from northwest to southeast across the Mongolian Plateau, and selected seven sampling sites along the transect. We then estimated the soil wind erosion rates by using the ^(137)Cs tracing technique and examined their spatial dynamics. Our results showed that the ^(137)Cs inventories of sampling sites ranged from 265.63±44.91 to 1279.54±166.53 Bq·m^(-2), and the wind erosion rates varied from 64.58 to 419.63 t·km^(-2)·a^(-1) accordingly. In the Mongolia section of the transect (from Tariat to Sainshand), the wind erosion rate increased gradually with vegetation type and climatic regimes; the wind erosion process was controlled by physical factors such as annual precipitation and vegetation coverage, etc., and the impact of human activities was negligible. While in the China section of the transect (Inner Mongolia), the wind erosion rates of Xilin Hot and Zhengxiangbai Banner were thrice as much as those of Bayannur of Mongolia, although these three sites were all dominated by typical steppe. Besides the physical factors, higher population density and livestock carrying level should be responsible for the higher wind erosion rates in these two regions of Inner Mongolia.

关键词：蒙古高原风蚀铯同位素追踪技术环境恶化

Soil Erosion Spatial Distribution Character of Sloping Field in the Sichuan Hilly Basin:Taking a Cultivated Slope in Neijiang as Example

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2006年第4期11卷 984-988页

作者： ZHENG Jinjun qi yongqing HUA Lizhong HE Xiubin ZHANG Xinbao Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 Sichuan China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy ofSciences/State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary GeologyXi＇an 710075 Shaanxi China

^137Cs nuclear tracing technique was used to estimate rates of soil redistribution on a sloping field with traditional erosion control measures located near Shangqiao Village, Neijiang City, in the Sichuan Hilly Basin of China. The downslope changes of ^137 Cs inventory and its corresponding soil erosion rates in the sloping field show a rolling trend and have two peak values in two inflexions of the sloping field, these result reflects that the changes of microphysiognomy play a key role on the spatial soil redistribution of the sloping field.

关键词： the Sichuan Hilly Basin ^137Cs soil erosion rates micro-physiognomy

Combined Impact of Climate Change, Cultivar Shift, and Sowing Date on Spring Wheat Phenology in Northern China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2016年第5期30卷 820-831页

作者： XIAO Dengpan TAO Fulu SHEN Yanjuna qi yongqing Institute of Geographical Sciences Hebei Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang 050011 Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 Key Laboratory for Agricultural Water Resource Hebei Key Laboratory for Agricultural Water-Saving Center for Agricultural Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang 050021

Distinct climate changes since the end of the 1980s have led to clear responses in crop phenology in many parts of the world. This study investigated the trends in the dates of spring wheat phenology in relation to mean temperature for different growth stages. It also analyzed the impacts of climate change, cultivar shift, and sowing date adjustments on phenological events/phases of spring wheat in northern China （NC）. The results showed that significant changes have occurred in spring wheat phenology in NC due to climate warming in the past 30 years. Specifically, the dates of anthesis and maturity of spring wheat advanced on average by 1.8 and 1.7 day （10 yr）-1. Moreover, while the vegetative growth period （VGP） shortened at most stations, the reproductive growth period （RGP） prolonged slightly at half of the investigated stations. As a result, the whole growth period （WGP） of spring wheat shortened at most stations. The findings from the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator （APSIM）-Wheat model simulated results for six representative stations further suggested that temperature rise generally shortened the spring wheat growth period in NC. Although the warming trend shortened the lengths of VGP, RGP, and WGP, the shift of new cultivars with high accumulated temperature requirements, to some extent, mitigated and adapted to the ongoing climate change. Furthermore, shifts in sowing date exerted significant impacts on the phenology of spring wheat. Generally, an advanced sowing date was able to lower the rise in mean temperature during the different growth stages （i.e., VGP, RGP, and WGP） of spring wheat. As a result, the lengths of the growth stages should be prolonged. Both measures （cultivar shift and sowing date adjustments） could be vital adaptation strategies of spring wheat to a warming climate, with potentially beneficial effects in terms of productivity.

关键词： adaptation climate warming sowing date spring wheat growth stages northern China

Impact of thermal time shift on wheat phenology and yield under warming climate in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2017年第1期11卷 148-155页

作者： Dengpan XIAO yongqing qi Zhiqiang LI Rende WANG Juana P. MOIWO Fengshan LIU Institute of Geographical Sciences Hebei Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang 050011 China Key Laboratory for Agricultural Water Resources Hebei Key Laboratory for Agricultural Water-Saving Center for Agricultural Resource Research Institute of Genetics and Development Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhnang 050021 China Department of Agricultural Engineering School of Technology Njala University Freetown Sierra Leone Juncao Research Institute Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 China

Given climate change can potentially influence crop phenology and subsequent yield, an investigation of relevant adaptation measures could increase the understanding and mitigation of these responses in the future. In this study, field observations at 10 stations in the Huang- Huai-Hai Plain of China （HHHP） are used in combination with the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator （APSIM）-Wheat model to determine the effect of thermal time shift on the phenology and potential yield of wheat from 1981-2009. Warming climate speeds up winter wheat development and thereby decreases the duration of the wheat growth period. However, APSIM-Wheat model simulation suggests prolongation of the period from flowering to maturity （Gr） of winter wheat by 0.2-0.8 d·10yr^-1 as the number of days by which maturity advances, which is less than that by which flowering advances. Based on computed thermal time of the two critical growth phases of wheat, total thermal time from floral initiation to flowering （TT_floral_initiation） increasesd in seven out of the 10 investigated stations. Altematively, total thermal time from the start of grainfilling to maturity （TT_start grain_fill） increased in all investigated stations, except Laiyang. It is thus concluded that thermal time shift during the past three decades （1981- 2009） prolongs Gr by 0.2-3.0 d·10yr^-1 in the study area. This suggests that an increase in thermal time （TT） of the wheat growth period is critical for mitigating the effect of growth period reduction due to warming climatic condition. Furthermore, climate change reduces potential yield of winter wheat in 80% of the stations by 2.3-58.8 kg·yr^-1. However, thermal time shift （TTS） increases potential yield of winter wheat in most of the stations by 3.0-51.0 Received September 16, 2015; accepted January 24, 2016 kg·yr^-1. It is concluded that wheat cultivars with longer growth periods and higher thermal requirements could mitigate the negative effects of warming climate on c

关键词： adaptation thermal time shift crop phenology winter wheat warming climate

Comparison of winter wheat yield sensitivity to climate variables under irrigated and rain-fed conditions

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2016年第3期10卷 444-454页

作者： Dengpan XIAO Yanjun SHEN He ZHANG Juana P. MOIWO yongqing qi Rende WANG Hongwei PEI Yucui ZHANG Huitao SHEN Key Laboratory for Agricultural Water Resources Hebei Key Laboratory for Agricultural Water-Saving Center for Agricultural Resources Research Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang 050021 China Institute of Geographical Sciences Hebei Academy of Sciences Shijiazhuang 050011 China Institute of Geographical Sciences and Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China School of Technology Njala University Njala Sierra Leone

Crop simulation models provide alternative, less time-consuming, and cost-effective means of deter- mining the sensitivity of crop yield to climate change. In this study, two dynamic mechanistic models, CERES （Crop Environment Resource Synthesis） and APSIM （Agricultural Production Systems Simulator）, were used to simulate the yield of wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） under well irrigated （CFG） and rain-fed （YY） conditions in relation to different climate variables in the North China Plain （NCP）. The study tested winter wheat yield sensitivity to different levels of temperature, radiation, precipitation, and atmospheric carbon dioxide （COa） concentration under CFG and YY conditions at Luancheng Agro-ecosystem Experimental Stations in the NCR The results from the CERES and APSIM wheat crop models were largely consistent and suggested that changes in climate variables influenced wheat grain yield in the NCR There was also significant variation in the sensitivity of winter wheat yield to climate variables under different water （CFG and YY） conditions. While a temperature increase of 2℃ was the threshold beyond which temperature negatively influenced wheat yield under CFG, a temperature rise exceeding 1℃ decreased winter wheat grain yield under YY. A decrease in solar radiation decreased wheat grain yield under both CFG and YY conditions. Although the sensitivity of winter wheat yield to precipitation was small under the CFG, yield decreased significantly with decreasing precipitation under the rain- fed YY treatment. The results also suggest that wheat yield under CFG linearly increased by ≈ 3.5% per 60 ppm （parts per million） increase in CO2 concentration from 380 to560ppm, and yield under YY increased linearly by ≈ 7.0% for the same increase in CO2 concentration.

关键词： winter wheat yield sensitivity climate vari-ables crop model North China Plain

Mapping the agricultural land use of the North China Plain in 2002 and 2012

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2019年第6期29卷 909-921页

作者： ZHANG Yucui qi yongqing SHEN Yanjun WANG Hongying PAN Xuepeng Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-Saving AgricultureCenter for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyCAS

Based on the MODIS NDVI data and Landsat TM/ETM data of 2002 and 2012, this paper extracts the planting area of winter wheat–summer maize, single spring maize, cotton and forest/fruit trees, vegetable and paddy, and made the agricultural land use map of the North China Plain(NCP). Agricultural land use area accounted for 63.32% compared to the total area of the NCP in 2002. And it increased to 65.66% in 2012, which mainly caused by the vegetables and forest/fruit trees increasing. Planting areas of winter wheat–summer maize, cotton, single spring maize, forest/fruit trees, vegetables and paddy were 5031.21×10~3, 865.90×10~3, 1226.10×10~3, 1271.17×10~3, 648.02×10~3, 216.51×10~3 ha in 2012. Rank of changes was: vegetables(+45%) > forest/fruit trees(+27.4%) > paddy(–23.7%) > cotton(–20.4%) > single spring maize(+17.3%) > winter wheat–summer maize(–0.6%). In developed region like Beijing and Tianjin, planting area of crops with high economic benefit(such as fruit trees and vegetables) increased significantly. Government policies for groundwater protection caused obvious decline of winter wheat cultivation in Hebei Province. Cotton planting in Shandong Province decreased more than 200,000 ha during 2002–2012. The data products will be published in the website: http://***/***. To clarify the agricultural land use in the NCP will be very helpful for the regional agricultural water consumption research, which is the serious problem in the NCP.

关键词： North China Plain remote sensing agricultural land use change crops

Groundwater recharge under irrigated agro-ecosystems in the North China Plain: From a critical zone perspective

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2019年第6期29卷 877-890页

作者： MIN Leilei qi yongqing SHEN Yanjun WANG Ping WANG Shiqin LIU Meiying Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-Saving AgricultureCenter for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyCAS Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchCAS University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

From a critical zone perspective, the present paper aims to present the magnitude of groundwater recharge under different agricultural land-use types, reveal the process of water and solute transport in thick vadose zone, evaluate the "time lag" effect of recharge, and underscore the role of thickening vadose zone in recharge. The results indicated that different agricultural land-use types need to be further considered in recharge rate estimate. Under the typical irrigation condition in the piedmont plain, the recharge rate under flood irrigated winter wheat and summer maize(W/M_F), maize(M), non-cultivation(NC), native vegetation(NV), vegetables(V), and orchards(O) is 206.4, 149.7, 194.1, 46.4, 320.0, and 48.6 mm/yr, respectively. In the central plain, the value under W/M_F, M, NC, V, and cotton(C) is 92.8, 50.8, 85.0, 255.5, and 26.5 mm/yr, respectively. Soil water residence time(several years) and groundwater level response time(several months) should be distinguished to further understand the processes of groundwater recharge, because the soil water displacement velocities range from 0.2 to 2.2 m/yr while the rate of wetting front propagation is approximately 47 m/yr in the piedmont plain. The thickening vadose zone would prolong residence time of soil water and contaminant, which could postpone the time of or alleviate groundwater pollution, but have no significant influence on the magnitude of recharge in a long time scale. Recharge coefficient based on shorter time span(e.g. 2 or 3 years) should be used with caution as a parameter for groundwater resources evaluation, because it varies with total water input and target soil depth. Uncertainties in evapotranspiration and other water balance components should be evaluated in recharge estimation and the impact of land-use types on recharge should be emphasized. The critical zone science would greatly improve the understanding of groundwater recharge processes. The results of the present study will be helpful in

关键词： groundwater recharge critical zone irrigated agro-ecosystems North China Plain