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10B-doped MCP detector developed for neutron resonance imaging at Back-n white neutron source

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第8期35卷 58-68页

作者： qiang Li Li‑Jiao Wang Jing‑Yu Tang Xiang‑Biao qiu zhen Chen Mao‑Yuan Zhao Chang‑Jun Ning Kai Pan Wei Xu Tao Li Su‑Peng Lu Han Yi Rui‑Rui fan Chang‑qing feng Rong zhang Xiao‑yang Sun qi An hao‑fan Bai jiang‑Bo Bai Jie Bao Ping Cao qi‑Ping Chen yong‑hao Chen Zeng‑qi Cui An‑Chuan fan fan‑zhen feng Min‑hao gu Chang‑Cai Han zi‑Jie Han guo‑Zhu He yong‑Cheng He yang Hong Yi‑Wei Hu Han‑Xiong Huang Wei jiang zhi‑Jie jiang zheng‑Yao Jin Ling Kang Bo Li Gong Li Xiao Li yang Li Jie Liu Rong Liu Shu‑Bin Liu Yi‑Na Liu guang‑Yuan Luan Jie Ren zhi‑Zhou Ren Xi‑Chao Ruan Zhao‑Hui Song Kang Sun zhi‑Xin Tan Sheng‑Da Tang Jin‑Cheng Wang Peng‑Cheng Wang Zhao‑Hui Wang Zhong‑Wei Wen Xiao‑guang Wu Xuan Wu Cong Xia yong‑Ji Yu guo‑Hui zhang Hang‑Chang zhang Lin‑hao zhang qi‑Wei zhang Xian‑Peng zhang Yu‑Liang zhang Yue zhang zhi‑yong zhang zhi‑hao Zhou Ke‑Jun Zhu Chong Zou Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100049China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Dongguan Songshan Lake Future School Dongguan 523808China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China North Night Vision Science and Technology(Nanjing)Research Institute Co.Ltd Nanjing 211106China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Modern Physics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China China Academy of Engineering Physics Institute of Nuclear Physics and ChemistryMianyang 621900China USTC archaeometry lab University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi’an 710024China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China China Shipbuilding Trading Co. LtdBeijing 100044China

Neutron resonance imaging(NRI)has recently emerged as an appealing technique for neutron *** complexity surpasses that of conventional transmission imaging,as it requires a high demand for both a neutron source and ***,the progression of NRI technology has been sluggish since its inception in the 1980s,particularly considering the limited studies analyzing the neutron energy range above *** white neutron source(Back-n)at the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)provides favorable beam conditions for the development of the NRI technique over a wide neutron energy range from eV to ***-sensitive microchannel plates(MCP)have emerged as a cutting-edge tool in the field of neutron detection owing to their high temporal and spatial resolutions,high detection efficiency,and low *** this study,we report the development of a 10B-doped MCP detector,along with its associated electronics,data processing system,and NRI experiments at the *** heavy elements such as gold,silver,tungsten,and indium can be easily identified in the transmission images by their characteristic resonance peaks in the 1–100 eV energy range;the more difficult medium-weight elements such as iron,copper,and aluminum with resonance peaks in the 1–100 keV energy range can also be *** particular,results in the neutron energy range of dozens of keV(Aluminum)are reported here for the first time.

关键词： Neutron resonance imaging 10B doped MCP detector White neutron source Sample nuclide identification

Nondestructive technique for identifying nuclides using neutron resonance transmission analysis at CSNS Back-n

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第1期35卷 178-187页

作者： Sheng-Da Tang yong-hao Chen Jing-Yu Tang Rui-Rui fan qiang Li Gong Li Dong Liu zheng-Yao Jin Xing-Zhu Cui Tian-Xiang Chen Yi-Wei yang Rong Liu Han Yi yang Li zhen yang qi An hao-fan Bai jiang-Bo Bai Jie Bao Ping Cao qi-Ping Chen zhen Chen Zeng-qi Cui An-Chuan fan Chang-qing feng fan-zhen feng Ke-qing Gao Min-hao gu Chang-Cai Han zi-Jie Han guo-Zhu He yong-Cheng He yang Hong Yi-Wei Hu Han-Xiong Huang Wei-Hua Jia hao-yu jiang Wei jiang zhi-jie jiang Ling Kang Bo Li Chao Li Jia-Wen Li Xiao Li Jie Liu Shu-Bin Liu guang-Yuan Luan Chang-Jun Ning Bin-Bin qi Jie Ren zhi-Zhou Ren Xi-Chao Ruan Zhao-Hui Song Kang Sun zhi-Xin Tan Li-Jiao Wang Peng-Cheng Wang Zhao-Hui Wang Zhong-Wei Wen Xiao-guang Wu Xuan Wu Li-Kun Xie yong-Ji Yu guo-Hui zhang Lin-hao zhang Mo-Han zhang qi-Wei zhang Xian-Peng zhang Yu-Liang zhang Yue zhang zhi-yong zhang Mao-Yuan Zhao Lu-Ping Zhou zhi-hao Zhou Ke-Jun Zhu Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Institute of High-Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100049China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China USTC Archaeometry Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi’an 710024China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Nondestructive and noninvasive neutron assays are essential applications of neutron *** resonance transmission analysis(NRTA)is a powerful nondestructive method for investigating the elemental composition of an *** back-streaming neutron line(Back-n)is a newly built time-of-flight facility at the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)that provides neutrons in the eV to 300 MeV range.A feasibility study of the NRTA method for nuclide identification was conducted at the CSNS Back-n via two test *** results demonstrate that it is feasible to identify different elements and isotopes in samples using the NRTA method at *** study reveals its potential future applications.

关键词： CSNS White neutron beam NRTA Nuclide identification Nondestructive method

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上方宽蒂垂直切口乳房缩小成形术

中华整形外科杂志 2009年第6期25卷 416-419页

作者：亓发芝张勇顾建英冯自豪杨震施越东复旦大学附属中山医院整形外科上海200032

目的探讨一种减少患者乳头乳晕坏死的上方宽蒂垂直切口乳房缩小成形术。方法采用kiour穹窿顶式手术设计，切除乳房下方的皮肤、腺体，乳头乳晕以上方真皮腺体组织宽蒂抬高到正常位置，进行乳房塑形，术后仅留有垂直瘢痕。结果采用上方... 详细信息

目的探讨一种减少患者乳头乳晕坏死的上方宽蒂垂直切口乳房缩小成形术。方法采用kiour穹窿顶式手术设计，切除乳房下方的皮肤、腺体，乳头乳晕以上方真皮腺体组织宽蒂抬高到正常位置，进行乳房塑形，术后仅留有垂直瘢痕。结果采用上方宽蒂垂直切口方法行乳房缩小成形术46例，其中4例为单侧乳房缩小，手术效果满意，乳房形态良好。14侧乳房切口部分裂开，其中3侧经清创缝合愈合，其余经换药后愈合，无乳头乳晕坏死发生。结论上方宽蒂垂直切口乳房缩小成形术效果良好，减少了乳头乳晕坏死的危险，值得推广应用。

关键词：乳房缩小成形术乳房过大

Study of the response of 10B-doped MCP to wide-energy range neutrons from eV to MeV

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第8期35卷 132-141页

作者： qiang Li Li‑Jiao Wang Xiang‑Biao qiu Jing‑Wen Li Wei Xu Tao Li Ze‑Bin Lin Chang‑Jun Ning yong‑hao Chen Rui‑Rui fan Kang Sun Jing‑Yu Tang Rong zhang Han‑Tao Jing Bo Mei qi An hao‑fan Bai jiang‑Bo Bai Jie Bao Ping Cao qi‑Ping Chen zhen Chen Zeng‑qi Cui An‑Chuan fan Chang‑qing feng fan‑zhen feng Ke‑qing Gao Min‑hao gu Chang‑Cai Han zi‑Jie Han guo‑Zhu He yong‑Cheng He yang Hong Yi‑Wei Hu Han‑Xiong Huang Wei‑Hua Jia hao‑Yu jiang Wei jiang zhi‑Jie jiang zheng‑Yao Jin Ling Kang Bo Li Chao Li Gong Li Jia‑Wen Li Xiao Li yang Li Jie Liu Rong Liu Shu‑Bin Liu guang‑Yuan Luan Bin‑Bin qi Jie Ren zhi‑Zhou Ren Xi‑Chao Ruan Zhao‑Hui Song zhi‑Xin Tan Sheng‑Da Tang Peng‑Cheng Wang Zhao‑Hui Wang Zhong‑Wei Wen Xiao‑guang Wu Xuan Wu Li‑Kun Xie Yi‑Wei yang Han Yi yong‑Ji Yu guo‑Hui zhang Lin‑hao zhang Mo‑Han zhang qi‑Wei zhang Xian‑Peng zhang Yu‑Liang zhang Yue zhang zhi‑yong zhang Mao‑Yuan Zhao Lu‑Ping Zhou zhi‑hao Zhou Ke‑Jun Zhu Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100049China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Dongguan Songshan Lake Future School Dongguan 523808China North Night Vision Science&Technology(Nanjing)Research Institute Co.Ltd. Nanjing 211106China Sino‑French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China USTC Archaeometry Lab University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi’an 710024China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Neutron-sensitive microchannel plates(nMCPs)have applications in neutron detection,including energy spectrum measurements,neutron-induced cross sections,and neutron imaging.10B-doped MCPs(B-MCPs)have attracted significant attention owing to their potential for exhibiting a high neutron detection efficiency over a large neutron energy *** spatial and temporal resolutions are useful for neutron energy-resolved ***,their practical applications still face many technical *** this study,a B-MCP with 10 mol%10B was tested for its response to wide-energy neutrons from eV to MeV at the Back-n white neutron source at the China Spallation Neutron *** neutron detection efficiency was calibrated at 1 eV,which is approximately 300 times that of an ordinary MCP and indicates the success of 10 B *** factors that caused the reduction in the detection efficiency were simulated and *** neutron energy spectrum obtained using B-MCP was compared with that obtained by other measurement methods,and showed very good consistency for neutron energies below tens of *** response is more complicated at higher neutron energy,at which point the elastic and nonelastic reactions of all nuclides of B-MCP gradually become *** is beneficial for the detection of neutrons,as it compensates for the detection efficiency of B-MCP for high-energy neutrons.

关键词： Neutron radiation image 10B-doped MCP Neutron response Wide-energy range neutrons

SAPT:a synchrotron-based proton therapy facility in Shanghai

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第10期34卷 36-46页

作者： Man-Zhou zhang De-Ming Li Li-Ren Shen Hai-Rong zhang zhi-Ling Chen Han-Wen Du Ming gu Rui Li De-Kang Liu Yue-Hu Pu Jun-feng Yu jian-feng Chen Chu Chen Chun-Long guo hao guo Ge-yang jiang zhi-qiang jiang Lin Jin Wen-Jing Li Xiu-fang Li Ye Lin Ming Liu yong-hao Liu Ya-Juan Liu Ming Lv qing-Ru Mi Lian-Hua Ouyang Wei-guo Shi Hang Shu qi-Sheng Tang Kun Wang zhi-Shan Wang Jun Wu Xiao-Bing Wu Jia-qiang Xu Wen-zhen Xu Chong-Xian Yin Cheng Yu Ren-Xian Yuan qi-Bing Yuan Hai-Qun zhang Miao zhang Wen-zhi zhang Li-ying Zhao Wei-Min Zhou Shou-Xian fang Xi-Dong Sun zhen-Tang Zhao Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Shanghai Advanced Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201204China APACTRON Particle Equipment Co. Ltd.Shanghai 201815China The Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Because of its excellent dose distribution,proton therapy is becoming increasingly popular in the medical application of cancer treatment.A synchrotron-based proton therapy facility was designed and constructed in *** synchrotron,beam delivery system,and other technical systems were commissioned and reached their expected *** a clinical trial of 47 patients was finished,the proton therapy facility obtained a registration certificate from the National Medical Products *** characteristics of the accelerator and treatment systems are described in this article.

关键词： Proton therapy Synchrotron Slow extraction Gantry Beam delivery system

Measurement of the ^(232)Th(n,f)cross section in the 1-200 MeV range at the CSNS Back-n

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2023年第8期34卷 142-153页

作者： zhi-Zhou Ren Yi-Wei yang yong-hao Chen Rong Liu Bang-Jiao Ye Jie Wen Hai-Rui guo zi-Jie Han qi-Ping Chen Zhong-Wei Wen Wei-Li Sun Han Yi Xing-Yan Liu Tao Ye jiang-Bo Bai qi An Jie Bao Yu Bao Ping Cao hao-Lei Chen zhen Chen Zeng-qi Cui Rui-Rui fan Chang-qing feng Ke-qing Gao Xiao-Long Gao Min-hao gu Chang-Cai Han guo-Zhu He yong-Cheng He yang Hong Yi-Wei Hu Han-Xiong Huang Xi-Ru Huang hao-Yu jiang Wei jiang zhi-Jie jiang Han-Tao Jing Ling Kang Bo Li Chao Li Jia-Wen Li qiang Li Xiao Li yang Li Jie Liu Shu-Bin Liu Ze Long guang-Yuan Luan Chang-Jun Ning Meng-Chen Niu Bin-Bin qi Jie Ren Xi-Chao Ruan Zhao-Hui Song Kang Sun zhi-Jia Sun zhi-Xin Tan Jing-Yu Tang Xin-Yi Tang Bin-Bin Tian Li-Jiao Wang Peng-Cheng Wang Zhao-Hui Wang Xiao-guang Wu Xuan Wu Li-Kun Xie Xiao-Yun yang Li Yu Tao Yu yong-Ji Yu guo-Hui zhang Lin-hao zhang qi-Wei zhang Xian-Peng zhang Yu-Liang zhang zhi-yong zhang Lu-Ping Zhou zhi-hao Zhou Ke-Jun Zhu Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100049China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100088China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi’an 710024China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Engineering and Applied Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

The ^(232)Th(n,f)cross section is very important in basic nuclear physics and applications based on the Th/U fuel *** the time-of-flight method and a multi-cell fast-fission ionization chamber,a novel measurement of the^(232)Th(n,f)cross sec-tion relative to^(235)U in the 1–200 MeV range was performed at the China Spallation Neutron Source Back-n white neutron source(Back-n).The fission event-neutron energy spectra of^(232)Th and^(235)U fission cells were measured in the single-bunch *** 232Th/235U fission cross-sectional ratios were obtained,and the measurement uncertainties were 2.5–3.7%for energies in the 2–20 MeV range and 3.6–6.2%for energies in the 20–200 MeV ***^(232)Th(n,f)cross section was obtained by introducing the standard cross section of^(235)U(n,f).The results were compared with those of previous theoreti-cal calculations,measurements,and *** measured 232Th fission cross section agreed with the main evaluation results in terms of the experimental uncertainty,and 232Th fission resonances were observed in the 1–3 MeV *** present results provide^(232)Th(n,f)cross-sectional data for the evaluation and design of Th/U cycle nuclear systems.

关键词： 232Th(n f)cross section fast-fission ionization chamber Back-n white neutron source

Back-n white neutron source at CSNS and its applications

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2021年第1期32卷 95-104页

作者： Jing-Yu Tang qi An jiang-Bo Bai Jie Bao Yu Bao Ping Cao hao-Lei Chen qi-Ping Chen yong-hao Chen zhen Chen Zeng-qi Cui Rui-Rui fan Chang-qing feng Ke-qing Gao Xiao-Long Gao Min-hao gu Chang-Cai Han zi-Jie Han guo-Zhu He yong-Cheng He yang Hong Yi-Wei Hu Han-Xiong Huang Xi-Ru Huang hao-Yu jiang Wei jiang zhi-Jie jiang Han-Tao Jing Ling Kang Bo Li Chao Li Jia-Wen Li qiang Li Xiao Li yang Li Jie Liu Rong Liu Shu-Bin Liu Xing-Yan Liu Ze Long guang-Yuan Luan Chang-Jun Ning Meng-Chen Niu Bin-Bin qi Jie Ren zhi-Zhou Ren Xi-Chao Ruan Zhao-Hui Song Kang Sun zhi-Jia Sun zhi-Xin Tan Xin-Yi Tang Bin-Bin Tian Li-Jiao Wang Peng-Cheng Wang Zhao-Hui Wang Zhong-Wei Wen Xiao-guang Wu Xuan Wu Li-Kun Xie Xiao-Yun yang Yi-Wei yang Han Yi Li Yu Tao Yu yong-Ji Yu guo-Hui zhang Lin-hao zhang qi-Wei zhang Xian-Peng zhang Yu-Liang zhang zhi-yong zhang Lu-Ping Zhou zhi-hao Zhou Ke-Jun Zhu 无 State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Data China Institute of Atomic EnergyBeijing 102413China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi’an 710024China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Engineering and Applied Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China The CSNS Back-n Collaboration

Back-streaming neutrons from the spallation target of the China Spallation Neutron Source(CSNS)that emit through the incoming proton channel were exploited to build a white neutron beam facility(the so-called Back-n white neutron source),which was completed in March *** Back-n neutron beam is very intense,at approximately 29107 n/cm2/s at 55 m from the target,and has a nominal proton beam with a power of 100 kW in the CSNS-I phase and a kinetic energy of 1.6 GeV and a thick tungsten target in multiple slices with modest moderation from the cooling water through the *** addition,the excellent energy spectrum spanning from 0.5 eV to 200 MeV,and a good time resolution related tothe time-of-flight measurements make it a typical white neutron source for nuclear data measurements;its overall performance is among that of the best white neutron sources in the *** with advanced spectrometers,detectors,and application utilities,the Back-n facility can serve wide applications,with a focus on neutron-induced cross-sectional *** article presents an overview of the neutron beam characteristics,the experimental setups,and the ongoing applications at Backn.

关键词： White neutron source Nuclear data measurements Experimental setups Neutron applications

The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST)

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第9期12卷 1197-1242页

作者： Xiang-Qun Cui yong-Heng Zhao Yao-Quan Chu guo-Ping Li qi Li Li-Ping zhang Hong-Jun Su zheng-qiu Yao Ya-Nan Wang Xiao-zheng Xing Xin-Nan Li yong-Tian Zhu Gang Wang Bo-Zhong gu A-Li Luo Xin-qi Xu zhen-Chao zhang Gen-Rong Liu hao-Tong zhang De-Hua yang Shu-Yun Cao Hai-Yuan Chen jian-Jun Chen Kun-Xin Chen ying Chen Jia-Ru Chu Lei feng Xue-Fei Gong yong-Hui Hou Hong-Zhuan Hu Ning-Sheng Hu Zhong-Wen Hu Lei Jia fang-Hua jiang Xiang jiang zi-Bo jiang Ge Jin Ai-Hua Li Yan Li Ye-Ping Li guan-QunLiu zhi-Gang Liu Huo-Ming Shi zheng-Hong Tang qing-Sheng Tao Xiang-Yan Yuan Chao Zhai Jing zhang Yan-Xia zhang yong zhang Ming Zhao fang Zhou guo-Hua Zhou Jie Zhu Si-Cheng Zou National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China yzhao @ *** Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics and Technology National Astronomical ObservatoriesChinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210042 China University of Science and Tecfinologyof China Hefei 230026 China Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200030 China Institute of Architecture Design and Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China

The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effective aperture of 3.6 m–4.9 m) and a wide field of view (FOV) (5°). It has an innovative active reflecting Schmidt configuration which continuously changes the mirror’s surface that adjusts during the observation process and combines thin deformable mirror active optics with segmented active optics. Its primary mirror (6.67m×6.05 m) and active Schmidt mirror (5.74m×4.40 m) are both segmented, and composed of 37 and 24 hexagonal sub-mirrors respectively. By using a parallel controllable fiber positioning technique, the focal surface of 1.75 m in diameter can accommodate 4000 optical fibers. Also, LAMOST has 16 spectrographs with 32 CCD cameras. LAMOST will be the telescope with the highest rate of spectral acquisition. As a national large scientific project, the LAMOST project was formally proposed in 1996, and approved by the Chinese government in 1997. The construction started in 2001, was completed in 2008 and passed the official acceptance in June 2009. The LAMOST pilot survey was started in October 2011 and the spectroscopic survey will launch in September 2012. Up to now, LAMOST has released more than 480 000 spectra of objects. LAMOST will make an important contribution to the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, structure and evolution of the Galaxy, and cross-identification of multiwaveband properties in celestial objects.

关键词： techniques: wide field telescope - active optics - multi fiber - spectroscopy survey - data reduction

Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19: An evidence-based clinical practice guideline(updated version)

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Military Medical Research 2020年第3期7卷 249-282页

作者： ying-Hui Jin qing-Yuan Zhan zhi-yong Peng Xue-Qun Ren Xun-Tao Yin Lin Cai Yu-feng Yuan Ji-Rong Yue Xiao-Chun zhang qi-Wen yang jianguang Ji jian Xia Yi-Rong Li Fu-Xiang Zhou Ya-Dong Gao Zhui Yu feng Xu Ming-Li Tu Li-Ming Tan Min yang fang Chen Xiao-Ju zhang Mei Zeng Yu Zhu Xin-Can Liu jian yang Dong-Chi Zhao Yu-feng Ding Ning Hou Fu-Bing Wang hao Chen yong-Gang zhang Wei Li Wen Chen Yue-Xian Shi Xiu-zhi yang Xue-Jun Wang Yan-Jun Zhong Ming-Juan Zhao Bing-Hui Li Lin-Lu Ma hao zi Na Wang Yun-Yun Wang Shao-Fu Yu Lu-Yao Li qiao Huang Hong Weng Xiang-ying Ren Li-Sha Luo Man-Ru fan Di Huang Hong-yang Xue Lin-Xin Yu Jin-Ping Gao Tong Deng Xian-Tao Zeng Hong-Jun Li zhen-Shun Cheng Xiao-Mei Yao Xing-Huan Wang Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing 100029China Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing 10029China Leishenshan Hospital in Wuhan Wuhan 430200China Department of Critical Care Medicine Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China Institutes of Evidence-based Medicine and Knowledge Translation Henan UniversityKaifeng 475000HenanChina Department of Medical Imaging Guizhou Provincial People’s HospitalGuiyang 550002China Departments of Orthopedics Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Department of Geriatrics West China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Department of Radiology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China Department of Clinical Laboratory Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH)Peking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Beijing 100730China Center for Primary Health Care Research Lund University and Region Skåne25002 MalmöSweden Emergency Center Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 403371China Department of Allergology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071China Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 43071China Department of Critical Care Medicine Renmin Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430060China Department of Emergency Medicine and Chest Pain Center Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250002China Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Suizhou Central HospitalHubei University of MedicineSuizhou 441300HubeiChina Department of Clinic Pharmacy Second People’s Hospital of Huaihua Ci

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),affecting more than seventeen million people around the *** and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are *** the early stage,we have issued"A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV)infected pneumonia(standard version)";now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based *** formed a working group of clinical experts and *** steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas:chemoprophylaxis,diagnosis,treatments,and discharge *** searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19,and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)*** were either strong or weak,or in the form of ungraded consensus-based ***,we issued 34 *** them,6 were strong recommendations for,14 were weak recommendations for,3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based *** covered topics of chemoprophylaxis(including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)agents),diagnosis(including clinical manifestations,reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),respiratory tract specimens,IgM and IgG antibody tests,chest computed tomography,chest X-ray,and CT features of asymptomatic infections),treatments(including lopinavirritonavir,umifenovir,favipiravir,interferon,remdesivir,combination of antiviral drugs,hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine,interleukin-6 inhibitors,interleukin-1 inhibitors,glucocorticoid,qingfei paidu decoction,lianhua qingwen granules/capsules,convalescent plasma,lung

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Recommendation Chemoprophylaxis Diagnosis Treatment Discharge management Traditional Chinese medicine guideline