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RESEARCh ON hOT FORMING PROCESS OF A RETAINING RING OF hIGh-NITROGEN STEEL

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2004年第5期17卷 767-770页

作者： h.q.chen J.S.Liu h.G.Guo DepartmentofMaterialScienceandEngineering TaiyuanHeavyMachineryInstituteTaiyuan030024China

Mn18Cr18N, the high-nitrogen steel, is the 2nd generation material for manufacturing the retaining ring of firepower generators. In this paper, the hot deformation behavior of the material was investigated by thermo-mechanical modeling tests. And the flow stress curves of the steel were obtained for various combinations of the temperature and strain rate. Based on the results of the tests, the complex forming process of a retaining ring including punching, expanding and extrusion with an enclosure was put forward and simulated by means of numerical simulation method. The results indicate that the process is a novel and force-saved practical technology for manufacturing heavy retaining rings.

关键词： Mn18Cr18N high-nitrogen steel a retaining ring the punching with an enclosure process expanding-extrusion complex forming

3-D FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF ThE EFFECT OF WELDING RESIDUAL STRESS ON hYDROGEN DIFFUSION IN hYDROGEN CONTAINED ENVIRONMENT

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2007年第5期20卷 347-354页

作者： W.C. Jiang J.M. Gong J.q. Tang h. chen S.T. Tu College of Mechanical and Power Engineering Nanjing University of Technology Nanjing 210009 China

The hydrogen distribution of 16MnR steel weldment in hydrogen contained environment was calculated using the finite element method （ FEM）. The effect of welding residual stress on hydrogen diffusion has been discussed using a 3-D sequential coupling finite element analysis procedure complied by Abaqus code. The hydrogen diffusion coefficient in weld metal, the heat affected zone （hAZ）, and the base metal of the 16MnR steel weldment were measured using the electrochemical permeation technique. The hydrogen diffusion without the effect of stress was also calculated and compared. Owing to the existence of welding residual stress, the hydrogen concentration was obviously increased and the hydrogen wouM diffuse and accumulate in the higher stress region.

关键词： 16MnR steel hydrogen diffusion welding residual stress finite element analysis

INFLUENCE OF OPERATION UNDER EPIDURAL ANESThESIA ON PERIPhERAL T LYMPhOCYTE SUBSETS

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1991年第3期104卷 194-197页

作者： J E chen Z X Zheng S h Wang q h chen Department of Anesthesiology Union Hospital Fujian Medical College Fuzhou.

This paper reports the variation of peripheral T lymphocyte subsets in patients before and after operation under epidural anesthesia using OKT monoclonal antibodies (McAb). The results show that Th and TS after anesthesia and during surgery were lower than before anesthesia and in normal controls (Phe ratio of Th/TS after anesthesia and during operation were lower than before anesthesia (Phere was no significant difference with normal controls (P>0.05). Therefore, we consider that the decrease in Th cells was one of the reasons for decrease in patient immune function during anesthesia and surgery. Five to seven days after surgery, patient Th cell levels tended to normalize. This showed that this abnormality was transient and reversible. The results also indicated that emphasising prevention of infection in post-operational case. should be done during the first 5-7 days after surgery.

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Response surface methodology for optimizing the fermentation medium of alpha-galactosidase in solid-state fermentation

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Response surface methodology for optimizing the fermentation...

Response surface methodology for optimizing the fermentation medium of alpha-galactosidase in solid-state fermentation

中国食品科学技术学会第五届年会暨第四届东西方食品业高层论坛

作者： C.q.Liu q.h.chen B.Tang h.Ruan G.q.he (Department of Food Science and Nutrition,Zhejiang University,hangzhou 310029,China)

Aims:Alpha-galactosidase is applied in food and feed industries for hydrolysing raffinose series oligosaccharides(RO)that are the factors primarily responsible for flatulence upon ingestion of soybean-derived *** objective of the current work was to develop an optimal culture medium for the production of alpha-galactosidase in solid-state fermentation(SSF) by a mutant strain Aspergillus foetidus.,Methods and Results:Response surface methodology (RSM)was applied to evaluate the effects of variables,namely the concentrations of wheat bran, soybean meal,KhPO,MnSO·hO and CuSO·5hO on alpha-galactosidase production in the solid substrate.A fractional factorial design(FFD)was firstly used to isolate the main factors that affected the production of alpha-galactosidase and the central composite experimental design (CCD)was then adopted to derive a statistical model for optimizing the composition of the fermentation *** experimental results showed that the optimum fermentation medium for alpha-galactosidase production by Aspergillus foetidus ZU-Gl was composed of 8.2137 g wheat bran,1.7843 g soybean meal,0.001 g MnSO·hO and 0.001 g CuSO·5hO in 10g dry matter fermentation medium.,Conclusions:After incubating 96 h in the optimum fermentation medium,alpha-galactosidase activity was predicted to be 2210·76 U gdry matter in 250 ml shake *** the present study,alpha-galactosidase activity reached 2207·19 U gdry matter. Significance and Impact of the Study:Optimization of the solid substrate was a very important measure to increase enzyme activity and realize industrial production of *** process of alpha-galactosidase production in laboratory scale may have the potential to scale-up.

关键词： alpha-galactosidase Aspergillus foetidus medium optimization response surface methodology solid-state fermentation.

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Response surface methodology for optimizing the fermentation...

Microstructure and Phase Stability of Plasma Sprayed Sc_2O_3-Y_2O_3-ZrO_2 TBCs

饲用酶制剂开发与应用技术交流研讨会

作者： C.q.Liu,q.h.chen,B.Tang,h.Ruan and G.q.he Department of Food Science and Nutrition,Zhejiang University,hangzhou 310029,China

Aims:Alpha-galactosidase is applied in food and feed industries for hydrolysing raffinose series oligosaccharides(RO) that are the factors primarily responsible for flatulence upon ingestion of soybean-derived *** objective of the current work was to develop an optimal culture medium for the production of alpha-galactosidase in solid-state fermentation(SSF) by a mutant strain Aspergillus foetidus. Methods and Results:Response surface methodology(RSM) was applied to evaluate the effects of variables,namely the concentrations of wheat bran,soybean meal,KhPO,MnSO·hO and CuSO·5hO on alpha-galactosidase production in the solid substrate.A fractional factorial design(FFD) was firstly used to isolate the main factors that affected the production of alpha-galactosidase and the central composite experimental design(CCD) was then adopted to derive a statistical model for optimizing the composition of the fermentation *** experimental results showed that the optimum fermentation medium for alpha-galactosidase production by Aspergillus foetidus ZU-G1 was composed of 8-2137 g wheat bran,1·7843 g soybean meal,0·001 g MnSO·hO and 0·001 g CuSO·5hO in 10 g dry matter fermentation medium. Conclusions:After incubating 96 h in the optimum fermentation medium, alpha-galactosidase activity was predicted to be 2210·76 U g dry matter in 250 ml shake *** the present study,alpha-galactosidase activity reached 2207·19 U g dry matter. Significance and Impact of the Study:Optimization of the solid substrate was a very important measure to increase enzyme activity and realize industrial production of *** process of alpha-galactosidase production in laboratory scale may have the potential to scale-up.

关键词： alpha-galactosidase Aspergillus foetidus medium optimization response surface methodology solid-state fermentation

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稀有金属材料与工程 2011年第S4期40卷 151-154页

作者： Li q L1,Liu h F1,2,Yang W h1,Li S q1,chen h J1,31National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Power Beam Processes,Beijing Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology Research Institute,Beijing 100024,China 2State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China 3State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430063, China. Beijing Aeronaut Mfg Technol Res Inst Natl Key Lab Sci & Technol Power Beam Proc Beijing 100024 Peoples R China Cent S Univ State Key Lab Powder Met Changsha 410083 Peoples R China Wuhan Univ Technol State Key Lab Adv Technol Mat Synth & Proc Wuhan 430063 Peoples R China

Scandia,yttria-stabilized zirconia (Sc2O3-Y2O3-ZrO2) powder for plasma spraying was synthesized by chemical co-precipitation *** morphology and phase stability of plasma sprayed 6.8mol%Sc2O3-1.2mol%Y2O3-ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were *** of the coatings were heated at 1400℃ for 500 hours and then examined by X-ray *** was found that the Sc2O3-Y2O3-ZrO2 coatings showed excellent phase stability to retain single tetragonal t' phase structure and did not undergo a tetragonal-to-monoclinic phase transition upon cooling.

关键词： thermal barrier coatings Scandia yttria-stabilized zirconia microstructure phase stability

Geometrical reconstruction of fluorescence events observed by the LhAASO experiment

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第4期45卷 416-425页

作者： F.Aharonian q.An Axikegu L.X.Bai Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi h.Cai J.T.Cai Z.Cao Z.Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang X.C.Chang B.M.chen J.chen L.chen L.chen L.chen M.J.chen M.L.chen q.h.chen S.h.chen S.Z.chen T.L.chen X.L.chen Y.chen N.cheng Y.D.cheng S.W.Cui X.h.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai h.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu D.della Volpe B.DEtorre Piazzoli X.J.Dong J.h.Fan Y.Z.Fan Z.X.Fan J.Fang J.Fang C.F.Feng L.Feng S.h.Feng Y.L.Feng B.Gao C.D.Gao q.Gao W.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.h.Gong q.B.Gou M.h.Gu J.G.Guo X.L.Guo Y.q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.han h.h.he h.N.he J.C.he S.L.he X.B.he Y.he M.heller Y.K.hor C.hou X.hou h.B.hu S.hu S.C.hu X.J.hu D.h.huang q.L.huang W.h.huang X.T.huang Z.C.huang F.Ji X.L.Ji h.Y.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang C.Jin D.Kuleshov K.Levochkin B.B.Li C.Li C.Li F.Li h.B.Li h.C.Li h.Y.Li J.Li K.Li W.L.Li X.Li X.Li X.R.Li Y.Li Y.Z.Li Z.Li Z.Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu h.Liu h.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.L.Liu J.S.Liu J.Y.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.N.Liu Z.X.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu h.K.Lv B.q.Ma L.L.Ma X.h.Ma J.R.Mao A.Masood W.Mitthumsiri T.Montaruli Y.C.Nan B.Y..Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei M.Y.qi D.Ruffolo V.Rulev A.Saiz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng J.R.Shi h.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.h.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wang C.Wang h.Wang h.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wang R.N.Wang W.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.J.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Y.P.Wang Z.Wang Z.Wang Z.h.Wang Z.X.Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu h.R.Wu S.Wu W.X.Wu X.F.Wu S.q.Xi J.Xia J.J.Xia G.M.Xiang G.Xiao h.B.Xiao G.G.Xin Y.L.Xin Y.Xing D.L.Xu R.X.Xu L.Xue D.h.Yan C.W.Yang F.F.Yang J.Y.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang S.B.Yang Y.h.Yao Z.G.Yao Y.M.Ye L.q.Yin N.Yin X.h.You Z.Y.You Y.h.Yu q.Yuan h.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha X.X.Zhai B.B.Zhang h.M.Zhang h.Y.Zhang J.L.Zhang J.W.Zhang L.Zhang L.Zhang L.X.Zhang P.F.Zhang P.F.Zhang R.Zhang S.R.Zhang S.S.Zhang X.Zhang X.P.Zhang Y.Zhang Y.Zhang Y.F.Zhang Y.L.Zhang B.Zhao J.Zhao L.Zhao L.Z.Zhao S.P.Zhao F.Zheng Y.Zheng B.Zhou h.Zhou J.N.Zhou P Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Paricle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China HefeiAnhui 230026China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510006China School of Physics and Astronomy&School of Physics(Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhaiGuangdong 519000China School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi UniversityNanningGuangxi 530004China hebei Normal University ShijiazhuangHebei 050024China School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450001China School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210023China Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjingJiangsu 210023China Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdaoShandong 266237China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Physical Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengduSichuan 610031China College of Physics Sichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610065China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasaTibet 850000China School of physics and technology Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei 430072Ch

The LhAASO-WFCTA experiment,which aims to observe cosmic rays in the sub-EeV range using the fluorescence technique,uses a new generation of high-performance *** ensure that the experiment has ex-cellent detection capability associated with the measurement of the energy spectrum,the primary composition of cosmic rays,and so on,an accurate geometrical reconstruction of air-shower events is *** paper de-scribes the development and testing of geometrical reconstruction for stereo viewed events using the WFCTA(Wide Field of view Cherenkov/Fluorescence Telescope Array)*** approaches,which take full advantage ofthe WFCTA *** *** is the stereo-angular method,which uses the pointing of triggered SiPMs in the shower trajectory,and the other is the stereo-timing method,which uses the triggering time of the fired *** results show that both methods have good geometrical resolution:the resolution of the stereo-timing method is slightly better than the stereo-angular method because the resolution of the latter is slightly limited by the shower track length.

关键词： cosmic ray fluorescence telescope stereo observation geometrical reconstruction

Observation of the Crab Nebula with LhAASO-KM2A−a performance study

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Chinese Physics C 2021年第2期45卷 518-530页

作者： F.Aharonian q.An Axikegu L.X.Bai Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi h.Cai J.T.Cai Z.Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang X.C.Chang B.M.chen J.chen L.chen M.J.chen M.L.chen q.h.chen S.h.chen S.Z.chen T.L.chen X.L.chen Y.chen N.cheng Y.D.cheng S.W.Cui X.h.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai h.L.Dai Z.G.Dai D.della Volpe B.D'Ettorre Piazzoli X.J.Dong J.h.Fan Y.Z.Fan Z.X.Fan J.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng L.Feng S.h.Feng Y.L.Feng B.Gao C.D.Gao q.Gao W.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.h.Gong q.B.Gou M.h.Gu J.G.Guo X.L.Guo Y.q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.han h.h.he h.N.he J.C.he S.L.he X.B.he Y.he M.heller Y.K.hor C.hou X.hou h.B.hu S.hu S.C.hu X.J.hu D.h.huang q.L.huang W.h.huang X.T.huang Z.C.huang F.Ji X.L.Ji h.Y.Jia K.Jiang Z.J.Jiang C.Jin D.Kuleshov K.Levochkin B.B.Li C.Li F.Li h.B.Li h.C.Li h.Y.Li J.Li K.Li W.L.Li X.Li X.R.Li Y.Li Y.Z.Li Z.Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu h.Liu h.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.S.Liu J.Y.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.N.Liu Z.X.Liu W.J.Long R.Lu h.K.Lv B.q.Ma L.L.Ma X.h.Ma J.R.Mao A.Masood W.Mitthumsiri T.Montaruli Y.C.Nan B.Y.Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei M.Y.qi D.Ruffolo V.Rulev A.Sáiz L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng J.R.Shi h.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.h.T.Tam Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian B.D.Wang C.Wang h.Wang h.G.Wang J.C.Wang J.S.Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wang R.N.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.J.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Y.P.Wang Z.Wang Z.h.Wang Z.X.Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu h.R.Wu S.Wu W.X.Wu X.F.Wu S.q.Xi J.Xia J.J.Xia G.M.Xiang G.Xiao h.B.Xiao G.G.Xin Y.L.Xin Y.Xing D.L.Xu R.X.Xu L.Xue D.h.Yan C.W.Yang F.F.Yang J.Y.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang S.B.Yang Y.h.Yao Z.G.Yao Y.M.Ye L.q.Yin N.Yin X.h.You Z.Y.You Y.h.Yu q.Yuan h.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng Z.K.Zeng M.Zha X.X.Zhai B.B.Zhang h.M.Zhang h.Y.Zhang J.L.Zhang J.W.Zhang L.Zhang L.X.Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang R.Zhang S.R.Zhang S.S.Zhang X.Zhang X.P.Zhang Y.Zhang Y.F.Zhang Y.L.Zhang B.Zhao J.Zhao L.Zhao L.Z.Zhao S.P.Zhao F.Zheng Y.Zheng B.Zhou h.Zhou J.N.Zhou P.Zhou R.Zhou X.X.Zhou C.G.Zhu F.R.Zhu h.Zhu K.J.Zhu X.Zuo Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophyics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences100049 BeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 BeijingChina TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics China University of Science and Technology of China 230026 HefeiAnhuiChina Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University100084 BeijingChina National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences100101 BeijingChina National Space Science Center Chinese Academy of Sciences100190 BeijingChina School of Physics Peking University100871 BeijingChina Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou University510006 GuangzhouGuangdongChina School of Physics and Astronomy&School of Physics(Guangzhou) Sun Yat-sen University519000 ZhuhaiGuangdongChina School of Physical Science and Technology Guangxi University530004 NanningGuangxiChina hebei Normal University 050024 ShijiazhuangHebeiChina School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University450001 ZhengzhouHenanChina School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing University210023 NanjingJiangsuChina Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of Sciences210023 NanjingJiangsuChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong University266237 QingdaoShandongChina Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of Sciences200030 ShanghaiChina Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University200240 ShanghaiChina School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong University610031 ChengduSichuanChina College of Physics Sichuan University610065 ChengduSichuanChina Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of Education850000 LhasaTibetChina School of Physics and Tec

A sub-array of the Large high Altitude Air Shower Observatory(LhAASO),KM2A is mainly designed to observe a large fraction of the northern sky to hunt for γ-ray sources at energies above 10 *** though the detector construction is still underway,half of the KM2A array has been operating stably since the end of *** this paper,we present the KM2A data analysis pipeline and the first observation of the Crab Nebula,a standard candle in very high energy γ-ray *** detect γ-ray signals from the Crab Nebula in both energy ranges of 10-100 TeV and>100 TeV with high significance,by analyzing the KM2A data of 136 live days between December 2019 and May *** the observations,we test the detector performance,including angular resolution,pointing accuracy and cosmic-ray background rejection *** energy spectrum of the Crab Nebula in the energy range 10-250 TeV fits well with a single power-law function dN/dE=(1.13±0.05stat±0.08sys)×10^(-14).(E/20 TeV)-309±0.06stat±0.02syscm^(-2) s^(-1) TeV^(-1).It is consistent with previous measurements by other *** opens a new window of γ-ray astronomy above 0.1 PeV through which new ultrahigh-energy γ-ray phenomena,such as cosmic PeVatrons,might be discovered.

关键词： γ-ray Crab Nebula extensive air showers cosmic rays

LhAASO-KM2A detector simulation using Geant4

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Radiation Detection Technology and Methods 2024年第3期8卷 1437-1447页

作者： Zhen Cao F.Aharonian q.An Axikegu Y.X.Bai Y.W.Bao D.Bastieri X.J.Bi Y.J.Bi J.T.Cai q.Cao W.Y.Cao Zhe Cao J.Chang J.F.Chang A.M.chen E.S.chen Liang chen Lin chen Long chen M.J.chen M.L.chen q.h.chen S.h.chen S.Z.chen T.L.chen Y.chen N.cheng Y.D.cheng M.Y.Cui S.W.Cui X.h.Cui Y.D.Cui B.Z.Dai h.L.Dai Z.G.Dai Danzengluobu X.q.Dong K.K.Duan J.h.Fan Y.Z.Fan J.Fang K.Fang C.F.Feng L.Feng S.h.Feng X.T.Feng Y.L.Feng S.Gabici B.Gao C.D.Gao L.q.Gao q.Gao W.Gao W.K.Gao M.M.Ge L.S.Geng G.Giacinti G.h.Gong q.B.Gou M.h.Gu F.L.Guo X.L.Guo Y.q.Guo Y.Y.Guo Y.A.han h.h.he h.N.he J.Y.he X.B.he Y.he Y.K.hor B.W.hou C.hou X.hou h.B.hu q.hu S.C.hu D.h.huang T.q.huang W.J.huang X.T.huang X.Y.huang Y.huang Z.C.huang X.L.Ji h.Y.Jia K.Jia K.Jiang X.W.Jiang Z.J.Jiang M.Jin M.M.Kang T.Ke D.Kuleshov K.Kurinov B.B.Li cheng Li Cong Li D.Li F.Li h.B.Li h.C.Li h.Y.Li J.Li Jian Li Jie Li K.Li W.L.Li W.L.Li X.R.Li Xin Li Y.Z.Li Zhe Li Zhuo Li E.W.Liang Y.F.Liang S.J.Lin B.Liu C.Liu D.Liu h.Liu h.D.Liu J.Liu J.L.Liu J.Y.Liu M.Y.Liu R.Y.Liu S.M.Liu W.Liu Y.Liu Y.N.Liu R.Lu q.Luo h.K.Lv B.q.Ma L.L.Ma X.h.Ma J.R.Mao Z.Min W.Mitthumsiri h.J.Mu Y.C.Nan A.Neronov Z.W.Ou B.Y.Pang P.Pattarakijwanich Z.Y.Pei M.Y.qi Y.q.qi B.q.qiao J.J.qin D.Ruffolo A.Sáiz D.Semikoz C.Y.Shao L.Shao O.Shchegolev X.D.Sheng F.W.Shu h.C.Song Yu.V.Stenkin V.Stepanov Y.Su q.N.Sun X.N.Sun Z.B.Sun P.h.T.Tam q.W.Tang Z.B.Tang W.W.Tian C.Wang C.B.Wang G.W.Wang h.G.Wang h.h.Wang J.C.Wang K.Wang L.P.Wang L.Y.Wang P.h.Wang R.Wang W.Wang X.G.Wang X.Y.Wang Y.Wang Y.D.Wang Y.J.Wang Z.h.Wang Z.X.Wang Zhen Wang Zheng Wang D.M.Wei J.J.Wei Y.J.Wei T.Wen C.Y.Wu h.R.Wu S.Wu X.F.Wu Y.S.Wu S.q.Xi J.Xia J.J.Xia G.M.Xiang D.X.Xiao G.Xiao G.G.Xin Y.L.Xin Y.Xing Z.Xiong D.L.Xu R.F.Xu R.X.Xu W.L.Xu L.Xue D.h.Yan J.Z.Yan T.Yan C.W.Yang F.Yang F.F.Yang h.W.Yang J.Y.Yang L.L.Yang M.J.Yang R.Z.Yang S.B.Yang Y.h.Yao Z.G.Yao Y.M.Ye L.q.Yin N.Yin X.h.You Z.Y.You Y.h.Yu q.Yuan h.Yue h.D.Zeng T.X.Zeng W.Zeng M.Zha B.B.Zhang F.Zhang h.M.Zhang h.Y.Zhang J.L.Zhang L.X.Zhang Li Zhang P.F.Zhang P.P.Zhang R.Zhang S.B.Zh Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics&Experimental Physics Division&Computing Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China TIANFU Cosmic Ray Research Center ChengduSichuanChina Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies 31 Fitzwilliam Place2 DublinIreland Max-Planck-Institute for Nuclear Physics 69029Heidelberg103980Germany State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics BeijingChina University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026AnhuiChina School of Physical Science and Technology&School of Information Science and Technology Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031SichuanChina School of Astronomy and Space Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing210023JiangsuChina Center for Astrophysics Guangzhou UniversityGuangzhou510006GuangdongChina hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang050024HebeiChina Key Laboratory of Dark Matter and Space Astronomy&Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy Purple Mountain ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210023JiangsuChina Tsung-Dao Lee Institute&School of Physics and Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology Shanghai Astronomical ObservatoryChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200030China Key Laboratory of Cosmic Rays(Tibet University) Ministry of EducationLhasa 850000TibetChina National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of Physics and Astronomy(Zhuhai)&School of Physics(Guangzhou)&Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology(Zhuhai) Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhouZhuhai 510275519000GuangdongChina School of Physics and Astronomy Yunnan UniversityKunming 650091YunnanChina Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237ShandongChina APC UniversitéParis CitéCNRS/IN2P3CEA/IRFUObservatoire de ParisParis 11975205France Department of Engineering Phys

KM2A is one of the main sub-arrays of LhAASO,working on gamma ray astronomy and cosmic ray physics at energies above 10 *** simulation is the important foundation for estimating detector performance and data *** is a big challenge to simulate the KM2A detector in the framework of Geant4 due to the need to track numerous photons from a large number of detector units(>6000)with large altitude difference(30)and huge coverage(1.3).In this paper,the design of the KM2A simulation code G4KM2A based on Geant4 is *** process of G4KM2A is optimized mainly in memory consumption to avoid memory *** simplifications are used to significantly speed up the execution of *** running time is reduced by at least 30 times compared to full detector *** particle distributions and the core/angle resolution comparison between simulation and experimental data of the full KM2A array are also presented,which show good agreement.

关键词： LhAASO KM2A Simulation GEANT4