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Emergence of taurine as a therapeutic agent for neurological disorders

Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 62-68页

作者： Ashok Jangra Priyanka Gola Jiten Singh Pooja Gond Swarnabha Ghosh Mahesh Rachamalla Abhijit Dey Danish Iqbal Mehnaz Kamal punya sachdeva Saurabh Kumar Jha Shreesh Ojha Dinesh Kumar Niraj Kumar Jha Hitesh Chopra Shing Cheng Tan Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Central University of HaryanaMahendergarhHaryanaIndia Department of Biology University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada Department of Life Sciences Presidency UniversityKolkataWest BengalIndia Department of Health Information Management College of Applied Medical SciencesBuraydah Private CollegesBuraydahSaudi Arabia Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry College of PharmacyPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-KharjSaudi Arabia GloNeuro Vishwakarma RoadNoidaIndia Department of Biotechnology School of Engineering&Technology(SET)Sharda UniversityGreater NoidaUttar PradeshIndia Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics College of Medicine and Health SciencesUnited Arab Emirates UniversityAl AinUnited Arab Emirates School of Bioengineering&Biosciences Lovely Professional UniversityPhagwaraIndia Department of Biotechnology School of Applied&Life Sciences(SALS)Uttaranchal UniversityDehradunIndia Chitkara College of Pharmacy Chitkara UniversityPunjabIndia UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala LumpurMalaysia

Taurine is a sulfur-containing,semi-essential amino acid that occurs naturally in the *** alternates between inflammation and oxidative stress-mediated injury in various disease *** part of its limiting functions,taurine also modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress,Ca^(2+)homeostasis,and neuronal activity at the molecular *** effectively protects against a number of neurological disorders,including stro ke,epilepsy,cerebral ischemia,memory dysfunction,and spinal cord *** various therapies are available,effective management of these disorders remains a global *** 30 million people are affected *** design of taurine fo rmation co uld lead to potential drugs/supplements for the health maintenance and treatment of central nervous system *** general neuroprotective effects of taurine and the various possible underlying mechanisms are discussed in this *** article is a good resource for understanding the general effects of taurine on various *** the strong evidence for the neuropharmacological efficacy of taurine in various experimental paradigms,it is concluded that this molecule should be considered and further investigated as a potential candidate for neurotherapeutics,with emphasis on mechanism and clinical studies to determine efficacy.

关键词： antioxidant epilepsy γ-amino butyric acid neurodegenerative disorders neuroprotection oxidative stress spinal cord injury taurine

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Emerging role of roots in plant responses to aboveground insect herbivory

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Insect Science 2013年第3期20卷 286-296页

作者： Vamsi J. Nalam Jyoti Shah punya Nachappa Department of Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne Indiana Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Plant Lipid Research University of North Texas Denton Texas United States

Plants have evolved complex biochemical mechanisms to counter threats from insect herbivory. Recent research has revealed an important role of roots in plant responses to above ground herbivory （AGH）. The involvement of roots is integral to plant resistance and tolerance mechanisms. Roots not only play an active role in plant defenses by acting as sites for biosynthesis of various toxins and but also contribute to tolerance by storing photoassimilates to enable future regrowth. The interaction of roots with beneficial soil- borne microorganisms also influences the outcome of the interaction between plant and insect herbivores. Shoot-to-root communication signals are critical for plant response to AGH. A better understanding of the role of roots in plant response to AGH is essential in order to develop a comprehensive picture of plant-insect interactions. Here, we summarize the current status of research on the role of roots in plant response to AGH and also discuss possible signals involved in shoot-to-root communication.

关键词： jasmonic acid secondary metabolites shoot-to-root communication soilborne microorganisms

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The evolutionary strategies of plant defenses have a dynamic impact on the adaptations and interactions of vectors and pathogens

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Insect Science 2013年第3期20卷 297-306页

作者： Ordom Brian Huot punya Nachappa Cecilia Tamborindeguy Department of Entomology Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Department of Biology Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne Fort Wayne IN 46805 USA

Plants have evolved and diversified to reduce the damages imposed by in- fectious pathogens and herbivorous insects. Living in a sedentary lifestyle, plants are constantly adapting to their environment. They employ various strategies to increase per- formance and fitness. Thus, plants developed cost-effective strategies to defend against specific insects and pathogens. Plant defense, however, imposes selective pressure on in- sects and pathogens. This selective pressure provides incentives for pathogens and insects to diversify and develop strategies to counter plant defense. This results in an evolution- ary arms race among plants, pathogens and insects. The ever-changing adaptations and physiological alterations among these organisms make studying plant-vector-pathogen interactions a challenging and fascinating field. Studying plant defense and plant protec- tion requires knowledge of the relationship among organisms and the adaptive strategies each organism utilize. Therefore, this review focuses on the integral parts of plant-vector- pathogen interactions in order to understand the factors that affect plant defense and disease development. The review addresses plant-vector-pathogen co-evolution, plant defense strategies, specificity of plant defenses and plant-vector pathogen interactions. Improving the comprehension of these factors will provide a multi-dimensional perspective for the future research in pest and disease management.

关键词： coevolution induced defense phytohormones plant-vector-pathogen interactions specificity of defense transmission mechanism

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Improving estimates of waning immunity rates in stochastic SIRS models with a hierarchical framework

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第4期8卷 1127-1137页

作者： punya Alahakoon James M.McCaw Peter GTaylor School of Mathematics and Statistics The University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthThe University of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia School of Population Health University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia Kirby Institute University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia

As most disease causing pathogens require transmission from an infectious individual to a susceptible individual,continued persistence of the pathogen within the population requires the replenishment of susceptibles through births,immigration,or waning *** the introduction of an unknown infectious disease into a fully susceptible population where it is not known how long immunity is conferred once an individual recovers from ***,initially,the prevalence of disease increases(that is,the infection takes off),the number of infectives will usually decrease to a low level after the first major *** this post-outbreak period,the disease dynamics may be influenced by stochastic effects and there is a non-zero probability that the epidemic will die *** out in this period following the first major outbreak is known as an epidemic *** the disease does not die out,the susceptible population may be replenished by the waning of immunity,and a second wave may *** this study,we investigate if the rate of waning immunity(and other epidemiological parameters)can be reliably estimated from multiple outbreak data,in which some outbreaks display epidemic fade-out and others do *** generated synthetic outbreak data from independent simulations of stochastic SIRS models in multiple *** outbreaks faded-out and some did *** conducted Bayesian parameter estimation under two alternative approaches:independently on each outbreak and under a hierarchical *** conducting independent estimation,the waning immunity rate was poorly estimated and biased towards zero when an epidemic fade-out was ***,under a hierarchical approach,we obtained more accurate and precise posterior estimates for the rate of waning immunity and other epidemiological *** greatest improvement in estimates was obtained for those communities in which epidemic fade-out was observed.

关键词： estimates stochastic estimation

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High-throughput molecular gut content analysis of aphids identifies plants relevant for potato virus Y epidemioiogy

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Insect Science 2024年第5期31卷 1489-1502页

作者： William Jacob Pitt William Rodney Cooper Derek Pouchnik Heather Headrick punya Nachappa Department of Agricultural Biology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA Graduate Degree Program in Ecology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA USDA-ARS Temperate Tree Fruit and Vegetable Research Unit WapatoWashingtonUSA Laboratory for Biotechnology and BioanalysisWashington State University PullmanWashingtonUSA Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center Washington State UniversityWenatcheeWashingtonUSA

Aphids are phloem-feeding insects that reduce crop productivity due to feeding and transmission of plant *** aphids disperse across the landscape to colonize new host plants,they will often probe on a wide variety of nonhost plants before settling on a host suitable for feeding and *** is limited understanding of the diversity of plants that aphids probe on within a landscape,and characterizing this diversity can help us better understand host use patterns of ***,we used gut content analysis(GCA)to identify plant genera that were probed by aphid vectors of potato virus Y(PVY).Aphids were trapped weekly near potato fields during the growing seasons of 2020 and 2021 in San Luis Valley in ***-throughput sequencing of plant barcoding genes,trnF and ITS2,from 200 individual alate(i.e.,winged)aphids representing nine vector species of PVY was performed using the PacBio sequencing platform,and sequences were identi-fied to genus using NCBI *** found that 34.7%of aphids probed upon presumed PVY host plants and that two of the most frequently detected plant genera,Solanum and Brassica,represent important crops and weeds within the study *** found that 75%of aphids frequently probed upon PVY nonhosts including many species that are outside of their reported host ***,19%of aphids probed upon more than one plant *** study provides the first evidence from high-throughput molecular GCA of aphids and reveals host use patterns that are relevant for PVY epidemiology.

关键词： aphids epidemiology gut content analysis insect ecology plant-insect in-teractions plant disease

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Diurnal feeding as a potential mechanism of osmoregulation in aphids

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Insect Science 2021年第2期28卷 521-532页

作者： Vamsi Nalam Travis Isaacs Sarah Moh Jessica Kansman Deborah Finke Tessa Albrecht punya Nachappa Department of Agricultural Biology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA Department of Biology Purdue University Fort WayneFort WayneIndianaUSA Division of Plant Sciences University of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA

Diurnal variation in phloem sap composition has a strong infuence on aphid *** sugar-rich phloem sap serves as the sole diet for aphids and a suite of physiological mechanisms and behaviors allowv them to tolerate the high osmotic ***,we tested the hypothesis that night-time feeding by aphids is a behavior that takes advantage of the low sugar diet in the night to compensate for osmotic stress incurred while feeding on high sugar diet during the *** the electrical penetration graph(EPG)*** examined the eiects of diurmal rhythm on feeding behaviors of bird cherry-oat aphid(Rhopalosiphurm padi L.)on wheat.A strong diurmal rhythm in aphids as indicated by the presence of a cyclical pattern of expression in a core clock gene did not impact aphid feeding and similar feeding behaviors were observed during day and *** major difference observed between day and night feeding was that aphids spent significantly longer time in phloem salivation during the night compared to the *** contrast,aphid hydration was reduced at the end of the day-time feeding compared to end of the night-time *** expression analysis of *** osmoregulatory genes indicated that sugar break down and water transport into the aphid gut was reduced at *** data suggest that while diumal variation occurs in phloem sap composition,aphids use night time feeding to overcome the high osmotic stress incurred while feeding on sugar-rich phloem sap during the day.

关键词： bird cherry-oat aphid diurnal cycle electrical penetration graph hydraion osmoregulation phloem

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Geochemical Characteristics and New Eruption Ages of Ruby-Related Basalts from Southeast Kenya

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Journal of Earth Science 2014年第5期25卷 799-821页

作者： Tawatchai Chualaowanich Chakkaphan Sutthirat Visut Pisuttha-Arnond Christoph Hauzenberger Chinghua Lo Tongyi Lee punya Charusiri Department of Geology Chulalongkorn University Patumwan Department of Mineral Resources Rama VI Rd. Ratchathewi Department of Earth Sciences Karlz-Fan University of Graz Department of Geoscience National Taiwan University Department of Earth Science National Taiwan Normal University

Two ruby-related basaltic fields were recently discovered in the southeast region of Kenya, exposed in the Nguu and Ngulai Hills vicinities. These fields host abundant deep-seated xenoliths, including corundum-bearing granulites. The basalts are alkaline affinity having compositions from foidrite to basanite. The Ngulai basalts have a wider range of SiO2（38.2 wt.%-44.8 wt.%） covering those of the Nguu basalts（38.7 wt.%-42.3 wt.%）. This overlapping behavior also holds for other major oxides and trace elements, e.g., Al2O3, Na2 O, K2 O, Cr, Ni, Rb and Ga. The overall OIB-like incompatible patterns with strong K depletion and slight spike of Ti enrichment signatures imply low degrees of partial melting of the upper mantle region source induced under a mantle plume-related process. The K-depletion signature indicates a residual K-bearing phase still retained in the source domain. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns exhibiting strong LREE enrichment without Eu anomalies suggest that plagioclase fractionation is insignificant. New 40Ar/39 Ar ages indicate eruption events occurred during the Pleistocene times, which are around 2 Ma for the Ngulai basalts and 0.9 to 1.6 Ma for the Nguu basalts. Clinopyroxene-basalt thermobarometric calculations yield the equilibrium P-T ranges of -8-29 kbar and 1 200-1 450 ℃.

关键词： ruby-related Cenozoic basalt Ar/Ar age corundum-bearing xenolith Kenya Nguu,Ngulai.

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Tipping Point for Online Learning? On Questioning the Right Assumptions

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ECNU Review of Education 2020年第4期3卷 735-738页

作者： punya Mishra Division of Educational Leadership and Innovation in the Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College Arizona State UniversityTempeAZUSA

Is the COVID-19 crisis the tipping point for online learning?The crisis has forced schools and universities to close,pushing often unprepared institutions to move teaching and learning online or at a *** was not a decision we,as educators,took with great deliberation--it was forced on us by the *** be fair,educators have done,and will continue to do,the best they can,under the circumstances.

关键词： teaching has forced

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The Value of School

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ECNU Review of Education 2020年第3期3卷 576-583页

作者： punya Mishra Kevin Close Arizona State University

What value do schools bring?The accepted assumption is that schools are sites for learning and the role of educators to equip students with the knowledge and skills they need to be successful in the *** Mitra(2011)states in a paper called“The Social and Economic Benefits of Public Education”:The fundamental outcome desired for education is that it will pass on to each child the information and skills they will use throughout their *** its core,every school is a place where children learn what adults in the community already know,a place for the transmission of knowledge.(p.6)This is also reflected in the manner in which we evaluate schools and *** give the students tests to figure out how much they have learned,against some externally developed criteria of how much they should know by what *** we hold students and schools accountable for this through a variety of accumulated test ***,what if this entire assumption(that schools are sites for learning)is wrong(or incomplete)?

关键词： schools Mitra incomplete

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Reforming Our School Systems Around a Humanizing Curriculum:Schooling During and After COVID-19

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ECNU Review of Education 2021年第4期4卷 890-898页

作者： Lok-Sze Wong punya Mishra Arizona State University Arizona State University 1050 S.Forest MallTempeAZ 85287USA

Highlights·The COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to create new school systems that are centered around a humanizing curriculum.·A humanizing curriculum values self,social,and cultural knowledge in addition to academic knowledge,celebrating students as whole human beings who are learning about and creating their place in society.·This curriculum is co-created and co-implemented with students and families.·Through this co-creation and co-implementation process,we shift school systems to support a humanizing curriculum.

关键词： Families humanizing curriculum student-centered system reform

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