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Spectrum of COVID-19 induced liver injury:A review report

World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第4期16卷 517-536页

作者： Lokjan Singh Anil Kumar Maya Rai Bibek Basnet Nishant Rai pukar.khanal Kok-Song Lai Wan-Hee Cheng Ahmed Morad Asaad Shamshul Ansari Department of Microbiology Karnali Academy of Health ScienceTeaching HospitalJumla 21200KarnaliNepal Health Sciences Asian College of Advance StudiesPurbanchal UniversitySatdobato 24122LalitpurNepal Department of Biotechnology Graphic Era(Deemed to be University)Dehradun 248002UttarakhandIndia Department of Pharmacology&Toxicology KLE College of PharmacyBelagaviKLE Academy of Higher Education and ResearchBelagavi 590010KarnatakaIndia Division of Health Sciences Abu Dhabi Women's CollegeHigher Colleges of TechnologyAbu Dhabi 41012United Arab Emirates Health and Life Sciences INTI International UniversityNilai 71800Malaysia Department of Microbiology College of MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazig 44519Egypt

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has caused changes in the global health system,causing significant setbacks in healthcare systems *** pandemic has also shown resilience,flexibility,and creativity in reacting to the *** severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection targets most of the respiratory tract,resulting in a severe sickness called acute respiratory distress syndrome that may be fatal in some *** the lung is the primary organ targeted by COVID-19 viruses,the clinical aspect of the disease is varied and ranges from asymptomatic to respiratory ***,due to an unorganized immune response and several affected mechanisms,the liver may also experience liver cell injury,ischemic liver dysfunction,and drug-induced liver injury,which can result in respiratory failure because of the immune system’s disordered response and other compromised processes that can end in multisystem organ *** with liver cirrhosis or those who have impaired immune systems may be more likely than other groups to experience worse results from the SARS-CoV-2 *** thus intend to examine the pathogenesis,current therapy,and consequences of liver damage concerning COVID-19.

关键词： Autoimmune liver disease COVID-19 Clinical manifestation of liver Drug-induced liver injury SARS-CoV-2

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Improving the nutritional values of yellow mealworm Tenebrio molitor(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae as an animal feed ingredient: a review

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 35-52页

作者： Linggawastu Syahrulawal Magnhild Oust Torske Rumakanta Sapkota Geir Næss Prabhat khanal Animal Science Production and Welfare DivisionFaculty of Biosciences and AquacultureNord UniversitySkolegata 22Steinkjer 7713Norway Department of Environmental Science Faculty of Technical SciencesAarhus UniversityFrederiksborgvej 399Roskilde 4000Denmark

Yellow mealworm larvae(YML;Tenebrio molitor) are considered as a valuable insect species for animal feed due to their high nutritional values and ability to grow under different substrates and rearing conditions. Advances in the understanding of entomophagy and animal nutrition over the past decades have propelled research areas toward testing multiple aspects of YML to exploit them better as animal feed sources. This review aims to summarize various approaches that could be exploited to maximize the nutritional values of YML as an animal feed ingredient. In addition, YML has the potential to be used as an antimicrobial or bioactive agent to improve animal health and immune function in production animals. The dynamics of the nutritional profile of YML can be influenced by multiple factors and should be taken into account when attempting to optimize the nutrient contents of YML as an animal feed ingredient. Specifically, the use of novel land-based and aquatic feeding resources, probiotics, and the exploitation of larval gut microbiomes as novel strategies can assist to maximize the nutritional potential of YML. Selection of relevant feed supplies, optimization of ambient conditions, the introduction of novel genetic selection procedures, and implementation of effective post-harvest processing may be required in the future to commercialize mealworm production. Furthermore, the use of appropriate agricultural practices and technological improvements within the mealworm production sector should be aimed at achieving both economic and environmental sustainability. The issues highlighted in this review could pave the way for future approaches to improve the nutritional value of YML.

关键词： Alternative protein source Feed application Nutritional value Yellow mealworm

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Integration of network and experimental pharmacology to decipher the antidiabetic action of Duranta repens L.

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2021年第1期19卷 66-77页

作者： pukar.khanal Basanagouda M.Patil Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology KLE College of Pharmacy BelagaviKLE Academy of Higher Education and ResearchBelagavi 590010India

Objective:Duranta repens is reported to contain a wide array of secondary metabolites,including aamylase and a-glucosidase inhibitors,and-has potent antioxidant *** present study evaluated the network pharmacology of ***(whole plant)with targets related to diabetes mellitus and assessed its outcome by evaluating the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of *** in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes mellitus in ***:Phytoconstituents of *** were retrieved from an open-source database and published literature,and their targets were predicted for diabetes mellitus using Binding DB and the therapeutic target ***-protein interaction was predicted using STRING,and pathways involved in diabetes mellitus were identified using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway ***,ADMET profile(absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion and toxicity)and cytotoxicity of compounds modulating proteins involved in diabetes were predicted using Mol Soft,admet SAR2.0 and CLC-Pred,*** interaction network among phytoconstituents,proteins and pathways was constructed using Cytoscape,and the docking study was performed using Auto *** hydroalcoholic extract of *** was evaluated using streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetes mellitus animal model for 28 d,followed by an oral glucose tolerance *** the end of the study,biochemical parameters like glycogen content,hepatic enzymes,antioxidant biomarkers and lipid profiles were ***,the liver and pancreas were collected for a histopathology ***:Thirty-six different secondary metabolites from *** were identified to regulate thirty-one targets involved in diabetes mellitus,in which protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1 B(PTP1 B)was primarily *** analysis of modulated proteins identified 12 different pathways in diabetic pathogenesis in which the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B(PI3 K-Ak

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Duranta repens DurantaninⅠ Network pharmacology Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B signaling pathway Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B

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Gene set enrichment analysis of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from Ficus benghalensis

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2019年第6期9卷 263-270页

作者： pukar.khanal B.M.Patil Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KAHER)

Objective:To identify alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from Ficus benghalensis and analyze gene set enrichment of regulated protein ***:The phytoconstituents of Ficu.s *** were queried for inhibitors of alphaglucosidase,also identified as aldose reductase *** score,absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion and toxicity profile,biological spectrum,and gene expression were predicated for each *** study was performed to predict the binding affinity with alpha-glucosidase and aldose reductase and compared with clinically proven *** Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis was performed for the regulated genes to identify the modulated ***:Apigenin,3,4’,5,7-tetrahydroxy-3’-methoxyflavone,and kaempferol were identified as inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase and aldose *** was predicted to possess the highest binding affinity with both *** p53 signaling pathway was predicted to modulate the majority of protein molecules in diabetes *** the alpha-glucosidase inhibitors were also predicted as membrane integrity agonist and anti-mutagenic ***:The current study indicates alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from Ficus benghale,nsis can act as aldose reductase inhibitors after absorption from the intestinal ***,these phytoconstituents are involved in the regulation of numerous protein molecules and ***,the anti-diabetic efficacies of these compounds are due to their action on multiple protein molecules and synergistic effects which should be confirmed by future investigations.

关键词： Ficus benghalensis Gene set enrichment Kaempferol Network pharmacology Type 2 diabetes mellitus

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In vitro and in silico anti-oxidant, cytotoxicity and biological activities of Ficus benghalensis and Duranta repens

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Chinese Herbal Medicines 2020年第4期12卷 406-413页

作者： pukar.khanal Basanagouda M.Pati Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology KLE College of PharmacyBelagaviKLE Academy of Higher Education and Research(KAHER)Belagavi 590010India

Objective:To report in vitro anti-oxidant activity and cytotoxicity of hydroalcoholic extract of Ficus benghalensis(bark)and Duranta repens(whole plant),and present the probable biological spectrum of major anti-oxidants from both ***:The coarse powder of both plants was first extracted with 70%ethanol(maceration)followed by 99%ethanol(Soxhlet-extraction).Anti-oxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated using DPPH,H2O2,2,20-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid(ABTS),NO scavenging assay,total antioxidant capacity,cupric reducing antioxidant capacity(CUPRAC),and metal chelating *** of both extracts was evaluated using MTT assay in both tumor and normal cell lines *** hamster ovary cells(CHO)and A549 *** activity of individual anti-oxidants from both medicinal plants was identified using prediction of activity spectra for substances and a docking study was performed by using ***:Hydroalcoholic extract of *** and *** showed the highest free radical scavenging(ABTS)and chelating capacity *** extracts showed minimum cytotoxicity in normal cell lines compared to tumor cell *** imitation hits reflected the multiple biological activities agreeing with the folk use and some scientific ***,we found the binding affinity of predicted anti-oxidant compounds with multiple protein molecules involved in oxidative ***:The present study reports the probable anti-oxidant mechanism for two folk agents and also presents probable pharmacological activities via computer simulations.

关键词： anti-oxidant cytotoxicity docking Duranta repens L. Ficus benghalensis L.

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Anthraquinone Derivatives as an Immune Booster and their Therapeutic Option Against COVID-19

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Natural Products and Bioprospecting 2020年第5期10卷 325-335页

作者： pukar.khanal B.M.Patil Jagdish Chand Yasmin Naaz Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology KLE College of PharmacyBelagaviKLE Academy of Higher Education and Research(KAHER)Belagavi 590010India Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry KLE College of PharmacyBelagaviKLE Academy of Higher Education and Research(KAHER)Belagavi 590010India

Anthraquinone derivatives are identified for their immune-boosting,anti-inflammatory,and anti-viral ***,the pre-sent study aimed to investigate the reported anthraquinone derivatives as immune booster molecules in COVID-19 infection and evaluate their binding affinity with three reported targets of novel coronavirus i.e.3C-like protease,papain-like protease,and spike *** reported anthraquinone derivatives were retrieved from an open-source database and filtered based on a positive druglikeness *** with positive druglikeness scores were predicted for their targets using DIGEP-Pred and the interaction among modulated proteins was evaluated using ***,the associated pathways were recorded concerning the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway ***,the docking was performed using autodock4 to identify the binding efficacy of anthraquinone derivatives with 3C-like protease,papain-like protease,and spike *** docking the pose of ligand scoring minimum binding energy was chosen to visualize the ligand-protein *** 101 bioactives,36 scored positive druglikeness score and regulated multiple pathways concerned with immune modulation and(non-)infectious ***,docking study revealed torososide B to possess the highest binding affinity with papain-like protease and 3C-like protease and 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-methyl-9,10-anthraquinone-3-O-(6′-O-acetyl)-β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranoside with spike protein.

关键词： 3CLpro Anthroquine derivatives Coronavirus COVID-19 Immune boost

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Kinetic simulation of an electronegative plasma with a cut-off distribution and modified Bohm criterion

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Plasma Science and Technology 2020年第4期22卷 33-39页

作者： Suresh BASNET Raju khanal Central Department of Physics Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipurKathmandu 44613Nepal

A kinetic simulation model has been employed to study the properties of an electronegative magnetized plasma sheath assuming the cut-off distribution of electrons and negative *** fundamental kinetic Bohm condition for the electronegative magnetized plasma has paramount importance for the formation of a stationary plasma sheath near the material *** presence of an oblique magnetic field in an electronegative plasma affects the ion distribution at the plasma injection side and at the *** temperature profile of negative charged particles has a non-uniform distribution,which determines the energy flow towards the wall.

关键词： Bohm condition kinetic simulation plasma–wall interaction electronegative plasma

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Kinetic-theory-based investigation of electronegative plasma–wall transition with two populations of electrons

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第3期23卷 11-21页

作者： Suresh BASNET Atit DEUJA Raju khanal Central Department of Physics Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipurKathmandu 44613Nepal

Kinetic theory has been employed to investigate the magnetized plasma-sheath structure and its characteristics in the presence of more than one species of negatively charged particles:hot electrons,cold electrons,and negative *** cold electrons and negative ions are considered to obey a Maxwellian distribution,whereas the hot electrons follow a truncated Maxwellian *** Bohm sheath condition has been extended for the case of more than one species of negatively charged particles,in which the concentration of hot electrons has a crucial role in achieving the Bohm *** thermal motion of hot electrons is much higher compared to cold electrons and negative ions,such that the variation of hot electron concentrations and the temperature ratio of hot to cold electrons play a key role in the determination of the plasma-sheath parameters:particle densities,electrostatic potential,the flow of positive ions towards the wall,and sheath *** have estimated the deviation of the resultant drift velocity of positive ions on the plane perpendicular to the wall from the parallel component at the presheath–sheath *** is found that the deviation between the two velocity components increases with an increase in the obliqueness of the magnetic ***,the results obtained from the kinetic trajectory simulation model are compared with the results obtained using a fluid model;the results are qualitatively similar,although the potential varies by less than 4%in terms of the magnitude at the wall.

关键词： Bohm velocity fluid theory plasma sheath electronegative plasmas

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Role of particle stiffness and inter-particle sliding friction in milling of particles

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Particuology 2014年第5期12卷 54-59页

作者： Manoj khanal Chandana T.Jayasundara Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIRO Earth Science and Resource EngineeringQueensland Centre for Advanced Technologies1 Technology CourtPullenvaleQueensland 4069Australia

Discrete element method （DEM） has been used to investigate the effects of particle elastic modulus and coefficient of inter-particle sliding friction on milling of mineral particles. An autogeneous mill of 600 mm diameter and 320 mm length with 14,500 particles has been selected for the simulation. Various mill performance parameters, for example, particle trajectories, collision frequency, collision energy and mill power have been evaluated to understand the effects of particle elastic modulus and inter-particle sliding friction during milling of particles. For the given model, it has been concluded that at high energy range, as the elastic modulus and particle sliding friction increase the energy dissipated among the particles increases. The collision frequency increases with the increase in elastic modulus, however, this trend is not clearly observed with increasing inter-particle sliding friction. The power draw of the mill increases with the increase in fraction of mill critical speed.

关键词： Elastic modulus Sliding friction DEM Simulation

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Visualization of drained rock volume(DRV) in hydraulically fractured reservoirs with and without natural fractures using complex analysis methods(CAMs)

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Petroleum Science 2019年第3期16卷 550-577页

作者： Aadi khanal Ruud Weijermars Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering Texas A&M University

The drainage areas(and volumes)near hydraulically fractured wells,computed and visualized in our study at high resolution,may be critically affected by the presence of natural *** a recently developed algorithm based on complex analysis methods(CAMs),the drained rock volume(DRV)is visualized for a range of synthetic constellations of natural fractures near hydraulic ***,flow interference effects near a single hydraulic fracture are systematically investigated for a variety of natural fracture *** permeability contrast between the matrix and the natural fractures is increased stepwise in order to better understand the effect on the ***,a larger-scale model investigates flow interference for a full hydraulically fractured well with a variety of natural fracture *** time of flight contours(TOFCs)outlining the DRV are for all cases with natural fractures compared to a base case without any natural *** natural fractures,with different orientations,hydraulic conductivity,and fracture density,may shift the TOFC patterns in the reservoir region drained by the hydraulically fractured well,essentially shifting the location of the well’s drainage *** CAM-based models provide a computationally efficient method to quantify and visualize the drainage in both naturally and hydraulically fractured reservoirs.

关键词： Natural fracture Drained rock volume Drainage area distortion Hydraulic fractures

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