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Teenage pregnancy and the sociodemographic attributes as a major contributor: Findings from an urban referral center in Nepal

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World Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2021年第2期10卷 16-25页

作者： puja Thapa Pukar Thapa Dhan Bahadur Shrestha Pravash Budhathoki Binod Karki Bimita Mahat Department of Anesthesiology Nepalese Army Institute of Health Sciences(NAIHS)Shree Birendra HospitalChhauniKathmandu 44600Nepal Hepatology Unit(Internal Medicine) National Academy of Medical Sciences(NAMS)Bir HospitalKathmandu 44600Nepal Department of Internal Medicine Mount Sinai HospitalChicagoIL 60608United States Department of Internal Medicine Bronxcare Health SystemBronxNY 10457United States Gastroenterology Unit Internal MedicineNational Academy of Medical Sciences(NAMS)Bir HospitalKathmandu 44600Nepal Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kathmandu Medical CollegeSinamangalKathmandu 44600Nepal

BACKGROUND Teenage pregnancy is a challenging issue ***,despite the increased health risk and socioeconomic impact of teenage pregnancy,the numbers remain high in *** To determine the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with teenage pregnancy in *** A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital from April to August 2017.A total of 1359 mothers were assessed and interviewed regarding their reproductive history and sociodemographic *** approval from the Nepal Health Research Council,permission from the concerned hospital,and consent from study subjects were *** Of the 5526 deliveries,679(12.3%)were teenage pregnancy *** majority(85.1%)of mothers(out of 1359)were married at<20 years of age,with a mean age of marriage of 17.57 years(±1.994,range:12-25 years).Marriage age was a significant determinant of teenage pregnancy(odds ratio[OR]2.423[2.262-2.596];P<0.001).Likewise,a love marriage(OR:2.018[1.585-2.570];P<0.001)and first teenage pregnancy(OR:3.622[3.265-4.017];P<0.001)were significant determinants for subsequent teen *** of family planning methods(OR:0.474;0.288-0.779;P=0.003)and use of any methods of family planning utilization(OR:0.345;0.248-0.479;P=0.000)significantly lowered the chance of teenage *** Teenage pregnancy occupies a substantial proportion of total deliveries in the Nepalese maternity *** addition,early pregnancy was significantly associated with age and type of marriage,education level,knowledge,and practice of contraceptive methods.

关键词： Contraception Nepal Reproductive health Teenage pregnancy Marriage Education

Practical recommendations for the prevention and management of COVID-19 in low-income and middle-income settings:adapting clinical experience from the field

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2021年第2期9卷 48-54页

作者： Sasha Abdallah Fahme Kathleen F Walsh Vanessa Rouzier puja Chebrolu Hyasinta Jaka Justin Roy Kingery Fouad M Fouad Jyoti S Mathad Jennifer A Downs Margaret McNairy Center for Global Health Research Cornell University Joan and Sanford I Weill Medical CollegeNew YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Faculty of Health SciencesAmerican University of BeirutBeirutLebanon GHESKIO Port-au PrinceOuestHaiti Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences MwanzaMwanzaTanzania Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Faculty of Health SciencesAmerican University of BeirutBeirutLebanon

INTRODUCTION Efforts to contain and respond to the novel COVID-19 in both high-income and low-income countries remain extremely ***-constrained countries face the additional obstacles of limited health infrastructure and inability to socially distance due to crowded and often multigenerational living *** Western nations begin mass vaccination campaigns,many countries in the Global South may not receive the vaccine for months or years.

关键词： prevention income vaccine

针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题

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英国医学杂志中文版 2020年第9期23卷 522-533页

作者： Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) Alan Turing Institute Kings CrossLondonUK Departments of Mathematics and Statistics University of WarwickCoventryUK Warwick Medical School University of WarwickCoventryUK Kings College Hospital Denmark HillLondonUK Department of Statistical Science University College LondonLondonUK University of Chicago ChicagoILUSA Science Policy and Research National Institute for Health and Care ExcellenceManchesterUK Health and Social Care Directorate National Institute for Health and Care ExcellenceLondonUK Data and Analytics Group National Institute for Health and Care ExcellenceLondonUK Clinical Practice Research Datalink Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory AgencyLondonUK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency LondonUK Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care UMC UtrechtUtrecht UniversityUtrechtNetherlands UK EQUATOR Centre Centre for Statistics in MedicineNDORMSUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Meta-Research Innovation Centre at Stanford Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Department of Statistics University of OxfordOxford 0X13LBUK Health Data Research UK London University College LondonLondon.UK Institute of Health Informatics University College LondonLondonUK National Institute for Health Research University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research CentreUniversity College LondonLondonUK 深圳智影医疗公司首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院清华大学附属北京清华长庚医院皮肤科

机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、... 详细信息

机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。

关键词：人工智能研究机器学习同行评审数据资源缺乏透明度可重复性透明性跨学科团队

Molecular Characterization of Rotavirus Strains Circulating in Enugu Nigeria: 2011 to 2016

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World Journal of Vaccines 2019年第1期9卷 22-36页

作者： B. N. Tagbo C. Chukwubike J. M. Mwenda M. L. Seheri G. Armah J. M. Mphahlele U. C. Ozumba C. Benjamin-puja C. Azubuike H. U. Okafor R. O. Nnani V. Okafor B. O. Edelu C. B. Eke O. Udemba A. Isiaka L. Namadi N. Umezinne R. Njoku C. Odume V. Osaro N. Ogude M. U. Okwesili S. K. Ezebilo K. M. Yusuf E. O. Obidike ICH UNTH Enugu Rotavirus Group Institute of Child Health University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Nigeria Department of Paediatrics University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Nigeria Department of Microbiology University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu Nigeria WHO African Regional Office Brazzaville Congo South African Medical Research Council/Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit Department of Virology Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University Medunsa Pretoria South Africa Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research University of Ghana Legon Ghana Department of Paediatrics College of Medicine University of Nigeria Ituku-Ozalla Nigeria Mother of Christ Specialist Hospital Enugu Nigeria World Health Organization Country Office Abuja Nigeria National Primary Health Care Development Agency Federal Ministry of Health Abuja Nigeria Tender Care Specialist Children’s Hospital Enugu Nigeria ICH UNTH Enugu Rotavirus Group

Rotavirus gastroenteritis is a major public health concern globally, estimated to cause 215,000 deaths among children < 5 years of age in 2013;with majority of mortality occurring in developing countries. In 2013, it was estimated that Nigeria was the second country with the highest number of rotavirus deaths. Monitoring of circulating rotavirus strains in Enugu, Nigeria is part of on-going rotavirus surveillance before the introduction of rotavirus vaccination. A total of 2694 stool samples were collected from enrolled under 5 years old children with diarrhoea between January 2011 and December 2016 and tested the virus using an antigen enzyme immunoassay. Randomly selected rotavirus positive samples were further characterized by rotavirus genotype methods to identify the G and P types circulating during the study period. Rotavirus was detected in 1242 (46%) of the 2694 samples collected over the six years period. Of these, 867 were randomly selected for genotyping. G and P types could be assigned for 832 samples (96%), while 31 (3.6%) could only be assigned either genotype G or P (partially typed) and 4 (0.4%) could not be assigned genotype G and P (untypeable). The most common G-genotypes detected during the entire study period were G12, G1 and G3 accounting for 27.6%, 21.0% and 16.3% respectively. Mixed G and P-genotypes were commonly detected. Ninety-one of the samples, representing 10.8% (91/839) had mixed G-genotype whilst 130 of the samples representing 15.2% (130/852) had mixed P-genotype. The most common P-genotypes detected were P[8], P[6] and P[4] representing 38.3%, 35.4% and 9.1% respectively. The predominant strain detected was G12P[8] (22.3%) followed by G3P[6] (14.5%), G1P[8] (9.2%) and G1P[6] (8.0%). These data are useful for making an informed decision about the introduction of rotavirus vaccine into the national routine immunization program and to monitor the impact of the vaccine post licensure.

关键词： Rotavirus Molecular Characterization Children Genotype