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31 Plant Species against Blood Feeding and Disease Vectors Insects: Beyond Anti-Insect Properties, Unvalued Opportunities and Challenges for Health and Sustainability

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2024年第5期15卷 167-206页

作者： prudence bararunyeretse Jean Claude Niyokwizera Esperance Gateretse Mathias Hitimana Research Center for Natural and Environmental Sciences (CRSNE) University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi Institutes of Agronomic Sciences of Burundi (ISABU) Bujumbura Burundi East African Nutritional Sciences Institute (EANSI) University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi

Plants with bioactive properties are greatly useful in preventing and controlling blood-sucking and disease-vector invertebrates, particularly in developing countries and low-income communities. Their application is a promising alternative to synthetic compounds whose use remains a health, environmental, and economic challenge. However, many are still unknown and unvalued, while others are becoming ignored and threatened. The main objective of this ethnobotanical study is to identify and characterize indigenous and locally grown plants against blood-sucking and disease-vector insects. Salient opportunities and challenges of using these plants are documented and discussed. Semi-structured interviews, using a prepared questionnaire, were conducted with 228 informants. The consensus index (CI) was calculated to analyze the reliability of the collected information. The identified 31 anti-insect plant species belong to 20 botanical families, four morphological categories, and six habitat types. They can be categorized as insecticidal plants (42% of the total), insect repellent (42% of the total), and both insecticidal and insect repellent (16% of the total). More than 54% of these are still abundant in the study area, while about 35.5% have become rare and difficultly accessible. Based on the numerical importance of related anti-insect plant species, the seven targeted blood-sucking insects range in the following decreasing order: Jiggers (16 species) > Fire Ants (9 species) > Flies (8 plants) > Mosquitoes (4 species) > Fleas (2 species) > Bedbugs (1 species) > lice (0 species). The three most commonly used plants, with the highest confirmation indices, are Tetradenia riparia (ICs = 0.712), Eucalyptus globulus subsp. maidenii (ICs = 0.302), and Solanum aculeastrum (ICs = 0.288). The antimicrobial role of many locally grown anti-insect plants and the multiple other associated valorization possibilities are ignored by most informants. Domesticating, propagating, protecting

关键词： Blood-Feeding Insects Anti-Insect Plants Biopesticides Sustainability Burundi

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Essentiality, Fate, Ecotoxicity, and Health Effects of Xanthates and Xanthates Based-Compounds—A Review

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2022年第12期10卷 161-203页

作者： prudence bararunyeretse Pierre Claver Mpawenayo Lambert Niyoyitungiye Simon Buhungu Research Center for Natural Sciences and Environment Faculty of sciences University of Burundi Bujumbura Burundi

Xanthates are organic synthesized substances with a potentially wide range of applications. They may serve as essential components of many compounds or materials that also play a vital role in various industrial and socio-economic processes. Addressing the question of the use of xanthates without considering their toxicity, and their decomposition process and products would be ecologically and healthily less sustainable. To date, related information is still dispersed and less known to the public. Therefore, this work provides a comprehensive overview of the existing information on the essentiality, fate, ecotoxicity, and health effects of xanthates and associated compounds. According to available information from scientific, technical, and professional circles, xanthates are diverse, usually with a carbon chain of two to six carbon atoms. They play a crucial role in the sectors of the mining and mineral processing industry, agriculture, wastewater treatment, metal protection, rubber vulcanization, the pharmaceutical industry, and medicine. Xanthates’ degradation under different factors and mechanisms, which determine their fate in the environment, leads to the formation of toxic substances, mainly carbon disulfide, carbonyl sulfide, hydrogen sulfide, and hydrogen peroxide. Xanthates and xanthates degradation products are seriously hazardous to humans, animals, soil and aquatic organisms, enzymatic system, etc. Simultaneous exposure to xanthates and metals results in the magnification or reduction of their toxicity level, depending on the exposed organisms. Such toxicological dimensions should attract more scientific and public attention for more safe production, use, storage, and disposal of xanthates. Due to the high affinity of xanthates for metal, xanthates-modified compounds are efficient metal chelating agents. Such a property should be explored to develop potentially low-cost and effective alternatives for metal removal and recovery from contaminated media. T

关键词： Xanthates Xanthates Compounds Essentiality Ecotoxicity Health Effects

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Interactive Effect of Copper and Its Mineral Collectors on Soil Microbial Activity—A Microcalorimetric Analysis

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2019年第3期9卷 47-64页

作者： prudence bararunyeretse Howard O. Beckford Hongbing Ji Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollution School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China

Discharge of metals and their mineral flotation collectors into the soil environment causes severe ecological and health impacts, which is still not fully understood. This is of great concern, particularly with regards to their effect on the soil microorganisms whose functions determine not only the soil quality and function but also influence the air and water quality. This study aimed to analyze and compare, microcalorimetrically, the single chemical toxic effect with the combined effect of copper (Cu) and two of its main flotation collectors, potassium amyl xanthate (PAX) and sodium isoamyl xanthate (SIAX), on soil microbial community. All chemicals, individually and as a binary mixture of copper and each of its flotation collectors, exhibited a significant dose-effect relationship, and the highest and lowest microbial activity inhibition being associated with SIAX and Cu, respectively (e.g. IC 50 of 447.5, 158.3 and 83.9 μg·g?1 soil for copper, PAX and SIAX, respectively). For all cases, the microbial activity was more affected by the mixture than by the individual mixture components. Increasing the xanthates dose (from 25 to 100 μg·g?1 soil) in the mixture with a copper dose of 200 μg·g?1 soil led to the increase of the microbial activity inhibition rate, from 23.08 % to 53.85% in case of PAX and from 26.92% to 57.69% in case of SIAX). Similarly, the toxicity level of the mixture of equitoxic components doses increased with the increased mixture doses. Since the observed activity level can be attributed to the surviving microbes, capable of adapting to both chemical and their mixture, a genetically based analysis should be conducted to allow identifying and characterizing the potentially resistant strains that can be useful for the remediation of the pollution by copper and xanthates and for the sustainability of copper mining and flotation, and for all soil, water, and air quality and function interest.

关键词： Copper Mineral Collectors Soil Microbial Activity Single Toxicity Mixture Toxicity Microcalorimetry

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