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Study of the Optimal Conditions for Anaerobic Digestion of Cow Dung in Households in Cote d’Ivoire

Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第9期14卷 2679-2696页

作者： Sahi Louh Theophile Roch Ori Kamenan Blaise Koua prosper gbaha Laboratoire de Technologie Unit de Formation et Recherche Sciences des Structures de la Matire et de Technologie (UFR SSMT) Universit Flix Houphout Boigny Abidjan Cte dIvoire Laboratoire des Sciences de la Matire de lEnvironnement et de lEnergie Solaire Unit de Formation et Recherche Sciences des Structures de la Matire et de Technologie (UFR SSMT) Universit Flix Houphout Boigny Abidjan Cte dIvoire Laboratoire des Procds Industriels de Synthse de lEnvironnement et des Energies Nouvelles Institut National Polytechnique Flix Houphout Boigny Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire

This paper investigates the optimal conditions for methanisation applied to cow dung. Four experimental 25 liters digesters were used in this work. The best biogas yield is obtained when the digester is installed in a metal box and exposed to sunlight. The temperature in this digester varied between 25˚C and 37˚C. The dry matter content of the collected cow dung was 15.5%. The digester was fed with 9 kg of cow dung mixed with 8.5 litres of water, one litre of cassava effluent and 200 ml of human urine. After a retention period of 22 days, the biogas obtained was 67% methane and 21% carbon dioxide. The use of human urine and cassava effluent improved the quality of the biogas.

关键词： Methanisation Cassava Effluent Human Urine Cow Dung Biogas

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Experimental Study of a Solar Thermal Incubator Using a Phase-Change Material for Off-Grid Use

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第9期14卷 2471-2481页

作者： Yéouélé Thio Bati Ernest Boya Bi Ekoun Paul Magloire Koffi prosper gbaha Laboratoire des Procds Industriels de Synthse de lEnvironnement et des Energies Nouvelles Institut National Polytechnique Flix Houphout-Boigny Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire

The aim of this study was to provide a simple, easy-to-use incubation system for small-scale rural poultry farmers far from the electricity grid. To this end, a naturally ventilated solar thermal incubator was built and experimentally tested. A U-shaped evacuated tube collector and a wooden crate holding 50 eggs were used to build the solar thermal incubator. Water was used as the heat transfer fluid, and an EPCM was integrated into the incubation chamber for operation at night or when the sun was hidden. The heat generated by the solar collector and stored in the heat transfer fluid is transported to the incubation chamber by thermosiphon to heat the chamber. Temperature and humidity probes powered by a solar panel were placed at various locations to monitor the thermo-hygrometric efficiency of the incubation system. The incubator, heated by natural convection, proved to function normally, and the incubation chamber was maintained throughout the incubation period within a temperature range of 35.53˚C to 39.53˚C and relative humidity averaging 49.4% to 68.5%. The experiment was carried out by introducing 30 eggs and the results of the experimental study showed that the incubator’s efficiency was 87%. The performance tests gave a fertility rate of 93% and a hatching rate of 93%, i.e. 28 fertile eggs and 26 hatched eggs, respectively.

关键词： Solar Incubator Vacuum Tube Collector Encapsulated PCM Poultry Eggs

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Experimental Assessment of the Thermal Performance of Two Corrugated Metal Roofs

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第9期14卷 2374-2392页

作者： Kouamé Jean-Louis Kouakou Ekoun Paul Magloire Koffi Bi Tra Désiré Zinla prosper gbaha Laboratoire des Procds Industriels de Synthse de lEnvironnement et des Energies Nouvelles Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphout-Boigny Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire

This experimental study is a contribution to the search for solutions to reduce indoor heat gain through sheet metal roofing in hot weather. It has evaluated the thermal impact of two different sheet metal roofs inside of two identical test buildings in sunny weather and cloudy weather conditions. Test building 1 has a single sheet corrugated roof and the building 2 is covered with roof made from top to bottom with corrugated sheet metal, a 12 mm thick serpentine copper tube in which water is circulated, a sheet of aluminium foil acting as a heat reflector, a 4 cm thick polystyrene panel and a 1.5 cm thick plywood. A maximum reduction of 15.1˚C in the temperature of the inner face of the test Building 2 roof was obtained comparatively to the temperature of the inner face of the test Building 1 roof consisting of a single sheet of metal at the warmest hours. In addition, the simple corrugated sheet metal roof of the test building generates high and varied temperatures inside the building. Whereas the proposed heat recovery roof favours low and relatively uniform temperatures inside the building. The proposed sheet metal roof construction technique is very effective in reducing the heat gain through the roof considerably;thus improving the thermal comfort inside sheet metal roofed dwellings. Hot water has been produced by recovering heat from the metal sheet of the roof of test building 2. The temperature of the hot water produced reached of 39˚C. This study could be also an alternative for the reduction of energy consumption due to the use of mechanical means for cooling of sheet metal roofed houses and the reduction of the use of fossil fuels for domestic hot water production.

关键词： Metal Roof Corrugated Time Lag Decrement Factor

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Life Cycle Assessment of Cashew Nutshell Briquettes Produced in Côte d’Ivoire

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第9期14卷 2411-2430页

作者： Bi Tra Désiré Zinla Ekoun Paul Magloire Koffi Kamenan Blaise Koua Kpeusseu Angeline Kouambla Epse Yeo prosper gbaha Laboratoire des Procds Industriels de Synthse de lEnvironnement et des Energies Nouvelles Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphout-Boigny Yamoussoukro Cte dIvoire Laboratoire des Sciences de la Matire de lEnvironnement et de lEnergie Solaire Unit de Formation et de Recherche des Sciences des Structures de la Matire et de Technologie Universit Felix Houphout-Boigny Abidjan Cte dIvoire

Now one of the main cash crops in Côte d’Ivoire, the cashew tree feeds an entire industrial sector based on the processing of its fruit. This processing generates a large volume of waste, consisting of cashew nutshells, the management of which poses environmental problems. With the aim of replacing charcoal and firewood with more environmentally friendly fuels, several studies are currently being carried out into the optimal use of cashew shells in fuel briquettes. To assess the environmental sustainability of these briquettes, this study calculates the environmental impacts associated with their life cycle, compares them with those of charcoal and firewood, and identifies the processes that contribute most to environmental pollution, with a view to improving them. Analysis of the results showed that cashew nutshell briquettes emit a range of pollutants over their life cycle that damage the environment and are responsible for the 7 impact categories considered: acidification, eutrophication, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, global warming, human toxicity, photochemical oxidation and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential. However, they are more environmentally friendly than charcoal and firewood for 5 impact categories: freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, global warming, human toxicity, photochemical oxidation and terrestrial ecotoxicity potential. The 3 elementary processes, i.e. transport of biomass raw materials, production, and combustion of briquettes, emit pollutants that contribute most to the creation of environmental impact categories. The most relevant pollutants are nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx) and particulate matter (PM).

关键词： LCA Briquettes Cashew Nutshell Biomass Environmental Impact

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