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中国农机化学报 2020年第11期41卷 193-200页

作者： priscila gonzales figueiredo Silvio JoséBicudo Songbi Chen Adalton Mazetti Fernandes F bio Yomei Tanamati Astride Stéphanie Mouafi Djabou-Fondjo 杨雅婷圣保罗州立大学农业科学学院园艺生产和作物育种系博图卡图巴西18610-307 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所海南儋州中国571737 热带作物根茎作物研究中心博图卡图巴西18610-307 雅温得第一大学喀麦隆1664 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所

保护性耕作可有效缓解土壤退化,但是也会影响土壤物理性质,使土壤板结,进而影响作物根系生长,因此木薯生产几乎不采用保护性耕作措施。本研究目的在于探索完整木薯生长周期内,不同耕作方式对木薯干物质分配(Dry material partitioning,D... 详细信息

保护性耕作可有效缓解土壤退化,但是也会影响土壤物理性质,使土壤板结,进而影响作物根系生长,因此木薯生产几乎不采用保护性耕作措施。本研究目的在于探索完整木薯生长周期内,不同耕作方式对木薯干物质分配(Dry material partitioning,DMP)变化的影响。本文对木薯种植后70 d、120 d、230 d、350 d,少耕(Minimum tillage,MT)、传统耕作(Conventional tillage,CT)、不耕(No-tillage,NT)3种耕作方式对土壤水分含量、土壤穿透阻力、大孔隙度、小孔隙度、总孔隙度的影响进行研究;同时,每30 d测定木薯植株中的干物质含量,直到360 d收获结束。结果表明,耕作方式对土壤穿透阻力、大孔隙度、小孔隙度和总孔隙度,以及木薯叶片、茎秆、根系和残留种茎中的干物质含量均有影响。种植后150~210 d之间,干物质分配变化显著,这正好对应了块茎膨大期后期和休眠期早期。不耕(NT)处理下作物的茎秆和残留种茎干物质含量最大。地上部分干物质与土壤穿透阻力呈正相关。传统耕作(CT)和少耕(MT)对块茎产量的影响没有差异,因此,考虑到耕作对土壤流失有一定的促进作用,少耕(MT)应当取代传统耕作(CT)。不耕(NT)处理提高了土壤的穿透阻力,阻碍了根系的生长,进而引起了木薯茎秆和残留种茎中的干物质积累明显高于根系中的干物质积累,使得茎秆和残留种茎表现出一定的碳水化合物储藏器官特性。

关键词：木薯少耕传统耕作不耕

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Influence of Harvest Periods on Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Agronomic Traits and Physiological Response to Post-Harvest Physiological Deterioration

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第1期14卷 89-103页

作者： Astride Stéphanie Mouafi Djabou Herman Pascal Kounty Ewane Victor Jos Evina Eyamo Franklin Tounkam Ketchiemo priscila gonzales figueiredo Nicolas Niemenak Libert Brice Tonfack Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Department of Biological Sciences Higher Teacher’s Training College University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Plant Physiology and Improvement Unit Laboratory of Biotechnology and Environment Department of Plant Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Applied Biotechnology Engineering Laboratory Department of Agriculture and Agropastoral Higher Technical Teacher Training College University of Ebolowa Ebolowa Cameroon Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Mato Grosso do Sul-Naviraí Mato Grosso do Sul Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the third largest source of calories in tropical countries and the sixth most important food crop in the World. However, the short shelf life of its storage roots after harvest due to a rapid post-harvest physiological deterioration (PPD) makes the roots to be considered as a risky product to market. The objectives of this work were to investigate the influence of two harvest periods on cassava agronomic parameters and their physiological response to PPD. Three cassava cultivars 96/1414, I070593 and LMR were selected for the experiment and harvested at 10 and 12 months after planting (MAP). The response to PPD was assessed during storage at 0, 3, 8 and 15 days after harvest (DAH). Total proteins content, soluble sugars and starch, total polyphenols compounds, polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase activities were recorded during storage. Results showed large variation among the parameters at the two harvest periods across the cultivars. High number of tubers was recorded in all the cultivars at 12 MAP and a significant increase in storage roots length was observed in 96/1414 and LMR from 10 MAP to 12 MAP (25 ± 5.1 to 41.3 ± 5.9 and 22.6 ± 3.3 to 27.9 ± 4.8) respectively. A reduction of about 49% of tubers weight was observed in I070593 from 10 to 12 MAP while an increase of about 36% and 11% were recorded in LMR and 96/1414 respectively. Tubers from I070593 showed less susceptibility to PPD when harvested at 10 MAP compared to those from LMR and 96/1414 where less susceptibility to PPD were recorded at 12 MAP. An increase in soluble sugars content, total proteins content and peroxidase activity subsequently to a decrease in starch content were recorded during storage from 8 to 15 days after harvest especially at 10 MAP in I070593 and at 12 MAP in LMR and 96/1414. High content of total phenolic compounds and less activity of polyphenol oxidase were correlated to PPD susceptibility. This work opens a new insight issue of the considerati

关键词： Manihot esculenta Harvest Period Post-Harvest Deterioration Agronomic and Biochemical Parameters

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