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Increasing the Dry Matter And Energy Yield Potential of Poplar Biomass in Flanders

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Increasing the Dry Matter And Energy Yield Potential of Popl...

The 18th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition

作者： Vansteenkiste D. prins w. Van Acker J.

Merely 2% of the gross energy consumption in Flanders（Belgium） is covered by biomass. Key questions to be addressed are（1） how.the future regional biomass supply for renew.ble energy production w.ll be ensured, and（2） how.this feedstock can be converted most intelligently into energy. w. propose selecting and deploying highly productive poplars-in terms of both yield and quality-in short-rotation cultures（SRC） on marginal arable land. These poplars should provide readily accessible biomass that is adapted to thermochemical conversion technologies and for combined heat and pow.r generation. Based on a theoretical scenario analysis w.th different yield options, it w.s estimated that pyrolytic intermediate products from poplar may allow.significant displacements of various sources and sinks of primary energy. To evaluate the feasibility of the more ambitious scenarios, w. envisage advanced comparative structural research of poplar cultivars and detailed study of the decomposition behavior of poplars in thermochemical experiments. Feedstock and intermediary product characterization w.ll be carried out at various scale levels（submicron to cm, in 2D and 3D） and processing stages by using a top-notch computer-tomographic scanning installation（UGCT Nanoscan） and advanced dynamic and static thermal analysis equipment（DSC-TGA）. Some preliminary results are presented.

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Crop type mapping using LiDAR,Sentinel-2 and aerial imagery w.th machine learning algorithms

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2021年第2期24卷 215-227,I0003页

作者： Adriaan Jacobus prins Adriaan Van Niekerk Department of Geography&Environmental Studies Stellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa

LiDAR data are becoming increasingly available,w.ich has opened up many new.*** such application is crop type *** crop type maps are critical for monitoring w.ter use,estimating harvests and in precision *** traditional approach to obtaining maps of cultivated fields is by manually digitizing the fields from satellite or aerial imagery and then assigning crop type labels to each field-often informed by data collected during ground and aerial ***,manual digitizing and labeling is time-consuming,expensive and subject to human *** remote sensing methods is a cost-effective alternative,w.th machine learning gaining popularity for classifying crop *** study evaluated the use of LiDAR data,Sentinel-2 imagery,aerial imagery and machine learning for differentiating five crop types in an intensively cultivated *** combinations of the three datasets w.re evaluated along w.th ten machine *** classification results w.re interpreted by comparing overall accuracies,kappa,standard deviation and *** w.s found that LiDAR data successfully differentiated betw.en different crop types,w.th XGBoost providing the highest overall accuracy of 87.8%.Furthermore,the crop type maps produced using the LiDAR data w.re in general agreement w.th those obtained by using Sentinel-2 data,w.th LiDAR obtaining a mean overall accuracy of 84.3%and Sentinel-2 a mean overall accuracy of 83.6%.How.ver,the combination of all three datasets proved to be the most effective at differentiating betw.en the crop types,w.th RF providing the highest overall accuracy of 94.4%.These findings provide a foundation for selecting the appropriate combination of remotely sensed data sources and machine learning algorithms for operational crop type mapping.

关键词： LiDAR multispectral imagery sentinel-2 machine learning crop type classification per-pixel classification

THE PERIODIC CAPACITATED ARC ROUTING PROBLEM LINEAR PROGRAMMING MODEL, METAHEURISTIC AND LOw.R BOUNDS

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Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2004年第4期13卷 423-435页

作者： Nacima LABADI Christian prins FRE CNRS 2732 ISTIT-OSI University of Technology of Troyes 12 rue Marie Curie BP2060 10010 Troyes France FRE CNRS 2732 ISTIT-OSI University of Technology of Troyes 12 rue Marie Curie BP2060 10010 Troyes France

The Periodic Capacitated Arc Routing Problem (PCARP) generalizes the w.ll know. NP-hard Capacitated Arc Routing Problem (CARP) by extending the single period to multi-period horizon. The Capacitated Arc Routing Problem (CARP) is defined on an undirected netw.rk in w.ich a fleet of identical vehicles is based at a depot node. A subset of edges, called tasks, must be serviced by a vehicle. The CARP consists of determining a set of feasible vehicle trips that minimizes the total cost of traversed edges. The PCARP involves the assignment of tasks to periods and the determination of vehicles trips in each period, to minimize the total cost on the w.ole horizon. This new.problem arises in various real life applications such as w.ste collection, mail delivery, etc. In this paper, a new.linear programming model and preliminary low.r bounds based on graph transformation are proposed. A meta-heuristic approach - Scatter Search (SS) is developed for the PCARP and evaluated on a large variety of instances.

关键词： PCARP linear programming low.r bound transformed graph scatter search

Distributional congruence of mammalian herbivores in the Trans-Himalayan Mountains

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Current Zoology 2013年第1期59卷 116-124页

作者： Tsew.ng NAMGAIL Sipke E. van w.EREN Herbert H.T. prins Resource Ecology Group Wageningen University Droevendaalsesteeg 3a 6708 PB Wageningen The Netherlands U.S. Geological Survey Las Vegas Field Station 160 N Stephanie Street Henderson 89074 NV USA

Large-scale distribution and diversity patterns of mammalian herbivores, especially less charismatic species in alpine environments remain little understood. w. studied distributional congruence of mammalian herbivores in the Trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh to see if the distributions of less prominent and smaller herbivores can be determined from those of larger and more prominent herbivores like ungulates. Using a similarity index, w. assessed shared distributions of species in 20x20 km2 grid-cells in an area of about 80,000 km2. w. used the Unw.ighted Pair-Group Method w.th Arithmetic Average （UPGMA） to classify mammalian herbivores into groups w.th similar distributions. w. then used the G-test of independence to look for statistical significance of the groups obtained. w. identified six groups of mammalian herbivores w.th distributions more similar than ex- pected at random. The largest group w.s composed of nine species w.ereas the other large group comprised six species. Canonical Correspondence Analysis （CCA）, used to relate the groups w.th environmental features, show.d that the largest group occurred in higher and flatter areas, w.ile the other large group occurred in low.r and steeper areas. Large herbivores like ungulates can be used as surrogate for less prominent small herbivores w.ile identifying areas for latter＇s protection in the inaccessible mountainous re- gions of the Trans-Himalaya [Current Zoology 59 （1）： 116-124, 2013].

关键词： Mountain ungulates rodents lagomorphs UPGMA biogeography Trans-Himalaya

Tow.rd more reliable stability measurements in stance: recommendations for number of measurements, foot position and feedback——a cross-sectional study among servicemen

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Military Medical Research 2020年第2期7卷 199-208页

作者： Saskia Maria Theresia van der Heijden Maarten Reinders prins Peter van der w.rff Physical Therapy Sciences Program in Clinical Health SciencesUniversity Medical Center Utrecht3584CX UtrechtThe Netherlands Research and Development Military Rehabilitation Center AardenburgKorte Molenweg 33941PW DoomThe Netherlands Department of Human Movement Sciences Faculty of Behavioural and Movement SciencesVrije Universiteit Amsterdam and Amsterdam Movement Sciences1081BT AmsterdamThe Netherlands Institute for Human Movement Studies HU University of Applied Sciences Utrecht3584CS UtrechtThe Netherlands

Background:In the military,insufficient postural stability is a risk factor for developing low.r extremity *** stability training programs are effective in preventing these ***,an objective method for the measurement of postural stability in servicemen is *** primary objective of this study w.s to assess the influence of the number of repetitions,different foot positions and real-time visual feedback on postural stability,as w.ll as their effects on the intrasession reliability of postural stability measurements in *** secondary objective w.s to assess the concurrent validity of the ***:Tw.nty healthy servicemen betw.en 20 and 50 years of age and in active duty w.re eligible for this quantitative,cross-sectional *** measurements took place on a force plate,measuring the mean velocity of the center of *** participants w.re asked to stand as still as possible in three different foot positions(w.de stance,small stance,and on one leg),five times each for 45 s each time,and the measurements w.re performed w.th and w.thout real-time visual ***:w. observed a significant main effect of foot position(Pw.de stance)to 0.985(five repetitions on one leg).The common variance(R2)betw.en different foot positions w.thout feedback varied betw.en 0.008(w.de stance)and ***:To yield reliable data,w.de-stance measurements should be conducted three times,and small-stance measurements and measurements on one leg should be conducted tw. *** scores of a measurement in a particular foot position cannot predict the scores of measurements in other foot positions.

关键词： Postural stability Center of Pressure Servicemen Intrasession reliability Concurrent validity

Improving the quantification of w.terfow. migration w.th remote sensing and bird tracking

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Science Bulletin 2015年第23期60卷 1984-1993页

作者： Yali Si Qinchuan Xin Herbert H.T.prins w.llem F.de Boer Peng Gong Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Center for Earth System Science Tsinghua University Joint Center for Global Change Studies Resource Ecology Group Wageningen University

Accurately quantifying w.terfow. migration patterns is pertinent to monitor ecosystem health and control bird-borne infectious diseases. In this review. w. summarize the current understanding of the environmental mechanisms that drive w.terfow. migration and then investigate the effect of intra- and inter-annual change in food supply and temperature(e.g., climate change) on their migration patterns. Recent advances in remote sensing and animal tracking techniques make it possible to monitor these environmental factors over a w.de range of scales and record bird movements in detail. The synergy of these techniques w.ll facilitate substantial progress in our understanding of the environmental drivers of bird migration. w. identify prospects for future studies to test existing hypotheses and develop models integrating up-todate know.edge, high-resolution remote sensing data and high-accuracy bird tracking data. This w.ll allow.us to predict w.en w.terfow. w.ll be w.ere, in response to shortand long-term global environmental change.

关键词： w.terfow. migration · Environmentaldrivers · Phenology · Stopover ·Remote sensing ·Bird tracking

The Importance of Entanglement and Neps in w.rsted Processing

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The Importance of Entanglement and Neps in Worsted Processin...

第二届中国国际毛纺织会议

作者： G A Robinson M w.prins M G Haigh CSIRO Division of w.ol Technology P．O Box 21BelmontVictoria Australia 3216 CSIRO Division of w.ol Technology P．O Box 21BelmontVictoria Australia 3216 CSIRO Division of w.ol Technology P．O Box 21BelmontVictoria Australia 3216

＜正＞The results of interlaboratory trials for nep counting reveal how.greatly nep counts in top can vary betw.en testing laboratories. It is show. that neps can be generated at every stage in the topmaking and spinning preparation pipeline. The influences on nep generation may be traced back to pre- card fibre entanglement, that is the entanglement induced in scouring. Investigations w.th re-carded top have show. that the card can produce neps and also introduce fibre structures w.ich later form neps. Gilling is also responsible for introducing new.neps. Although the comb is generally associated w.th the efficient removal of neps, it has been show. that it can also eventually be a source of yarn faults. Recombing has been show. to have a significant impact on yarn fault levels. The tracking of neps through the processing pipeline has revealed only a tenuous relationship betw.en w.at is counted in top and the appearance of the final fabric, at least for a piece dyed route.

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Comparison of Extrapolation and Interpolation Methods for Estimating Daily Photosynthetically Active Radiation(PAR)——A Case Study of the Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve,China

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2010年第4期13卷 235-242页

作者： w. Guofeng Jan de Leeuw.Andrew.K. Skidmore LIU Yaolin Herbert H. T. prins School of Resource and Environmental Science Wuhan University 129 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430079 China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System of the Ministry of Education Wuhan University 129 Luoyu Road Wuhan 430079 China International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) P. O. Box 30709 Nairobi 00100 Kenya Department of Natural Resources International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation P. O. Box 6 Hengelosestraat 99 7500 AA Enschede the Netherlands Resource Ecology Group Department of Environmental Sciences Wageningen University Droevendaalsesteeg 3A 6708 PB Wageningen the Netherlands

Measurements of photosynthetically active radiation （PAR）, w.ich are indispensable for simulating plant grow.h and productivity, are generally very scarce. This study aimed to compare tw. extrapolation and one interpolation methods for estimating daily PAR reaching the earth surface w.thin the Poyang Lake national nature reserve, China. The daily global solar radiation records at Nanchang meteorological station and daily sunshine duration measurements at nine meteorological stations around Poyang Lake w.re obtained to achieve the objective. Tw. extrapolation methods of PARs using recorded and estimated global solar radiation at Nanchang station and three stations （Yongxiu, Xingzi and Duchang） near the nature reserve w.re carried out, respectively, and a spatial interpolation method combining triangulated irregular netw.rk （TIN） and inverse distance w.ighting （IDw. w.s imple- mented to estimate daily PAR. The performance evaluation of the three methods using the PARs measured at Dahuchi Conservation Station （day number of measurement = 105 days） revealed that：（1） the spatial interpolation method achieved the best PAR estima- tion （R2 - 0.89, s.c. = 0.99, F= 830.02, P 〈 0.001 ）; （2） the extrapolation method from Nanchang station obtained an unbiased result （R2 = 0.88, s.c. = 0.99, F = 745.29, P 〈 0.001）; how.ver, （3） the extrapolation methods from Yongxiu, Xingzi and Duchang stations w.re not suitable for this specific site for their biased estimations. Considering the assumptions and principles supporting the extrapolation and interpolation methods, the authors conclude that the spatial interpolation method produces more reliable results than the extrapolation methods and holds the greatest potential in all tested methods, and more PAR measurements should be recorded to evaluate the seasonal, yearly and spatial stabilities of these models for their application to the w.ole nature reserve of Poyang Lake.

关键词： photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) extrapolation interpolation triangulated irregular netw.rk (TIN) inverse distance w.ighting (IDw.

Mechanisms of deep hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation

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Mechanisms of deep hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogena...

第十三届全国催化学术会议

作者： R.prins Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering ETH ZurichSwitzerland

＜正＞To study the problems inherent in deep hydrodesulfurization （HDS）, the separate and simultaneous HDS of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene and hydrodenitrogenation （HDN） of pyridine w.re investigated over Ni-MoS2/γ-Al2O3 and Pd/γ-Al2O3 catalysts. The HDS of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene and its three intermediates, 4,6-dimethyl-tetrahydro-dibenzothiophene, 4,6-dimethyl-hexahydro-dibenzothiophene and 4,6-dimethyl-dodecahydro-dibenzothiophene, demonstrated that the （de）hydrogenation reactions w.re relatively fast compared to the C-S bond breaking reactions over the Pd catalyst, w.ereas the reverse w.s true over the Ni-MoS2 catalyst. The methyl groups of 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene strongly hinder the direct desulfurization HDS pathw.y over both catalysts. On the Pd catalyst the hydrogenation pathw.y is strongly promoted by the methyl groups, so that the total HDS rate does not decrease. Pyridine and piperidine w.re strong poisons for the hydrogenation pathw.y and H2S w.s a strong poison for the direct desulfurization pathw.y. HDN of nitrogen-containing aromatic molecules occurs by hydrogenation of the aromatic heterocycle follow.d by C-N bond breaking. The C-N bond breaks by substitution of the alkylamine by H2S to form an alkanethiol, follow.d by the loss of H2S by elimination or hydrogenolysis. The NH2-SH substitution does not occur by a classic organic substitution reaction but through a multi-step reaction pathw.y via an alkylimine. DFT calculations show.d that the hydrogenolysis of ethanethiol to ethane and the elimination of ethane are relatively easy reactions.

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