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Physiological phenotypes differ among color morphs in introduced common wall lizards(Podarcis muralis)

Integrative Zoology 2024年第3期19卷 505-523页

作者： Ali AMER Sierra SPEARS princeton l.vaughn Cece COlWEll Ethan H.lIVINGSTON Wyatt MCQUEEN Anna SCHIll Dustin G.REICHARD Eric J.GANGlOFF Kinsey M.BROCK Department of Biological Sciences Ohio Wesleyan UniversityDelawareOhioUSA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton UniversityPrincetonNew JerseyUSA Department of Biology Idaho State UniversityPocatelloIdahoUSA Department of Environmental Science Policyand ManagementCollege of Natural ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA

Many species exhibit color polymorphisms which have distinct physiological and behavioral ***,the consistency of morph trait covariation patterns across species,time,and ecological contexts remains *** trait covariation is especially relevant in the context of invasion biology and urban ***,physiological traits pertaining to energy maintenance are crucial to fitness,given their immediate ties to individual reproduction,growth,and population *** investigated the physiological traits of Podarcis muralis,a versatile color polymorphic species that thrives in urban environments(including invasive populations in Ohio,USA).We measured five physiological traits(plasma corticosterone and triglycerides,hematocrit,body condition,and field body temperature),which compose an integrated multivariate *** then tested variation among co-occurring color morphs in the context of establishment in an urban *** found that the traits describing physiological status and strategy shifted across the active season in a morph-dependent manner—the white and yellow morphs exhibited clearly different multivariate physiological phenotypes,characterized primarily by differences in plasma *** suggests that morphs have different strategies in physiological regulation,the flexibility of which is crucial to urban *** white-yellow morph exhibited an intermediate phenotype,suggesting an intermediary energy maintenance *** morphs also exhibited distinct phenotypes,but the low prevalence of this morph in our study populations precludes clear *** work provides insight into how differences among stable polymorphisms exist across axes of the phenotype and how this variation may aid in establishment within novel environments.

关键词： color polymorphism physiological status seasonal variation thermoregulation urban habitat

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分数量子霍耳效应

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科学 1987年第2期 103-108页

作者：崔琪斯托默美国普林斯顿大学电气工程系美国电报电话贝尔实验室

整数量子霍耳效应是获得1985年诺贝尔物理学奖的工作,比该效应晚一年发现的分数量子霍耳效应则需要更深刻的理论解释。欲穷千里目,更上一层楼。效应发现者崔琪等的介绍在一个更深入的层次上展现二维电子的量子图象。

关键词： GaAs 二维载流子量子电子气量子霍耳效应量子化霍耳效应兰道分数迁移率输运能级能隙能带结构自由电子载流子(半导体) 二维体系电子态对关联函数异质结构

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Fully Kinetic, Electromagnetic Particle-in-Cell Simulations of Plasma Microturbulence

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Communications in Computational Physics 2007年第4期2卷 684-722页

作者： J.l.V.lewandowski l.E.Zakharov Plasma Physics laboratory Princeton UniversityP.O.Box 451PrincetonNJ 08543USA.

A novel numerical method,based on physical intuition,for particle-in-cell simulations of electromagnetic plasma microturbulence with fully kinetic ion and electron dynamics is *** method is based on the observation that,for lowfrequency modes of interest[ω/ω_(ci)≪1,ωis the typical mode frequency andωci is the ion cyclotron frequency]the impact of particles that have velocities larger than the resonant velocity,v^(r)∼ω/k_(||)(k_(||) is the typical parallel wavenumber)is negligibly small(this is especially true for the electrons).Therefore it is natural to analytically segregate the electron response into an adiabatic response and a nonadiabatic response and to numerically resolve only the latter:this approach is termed the splitting ***,the exact separation between adiabatic and nonadiabatic responses implies that a set of coupled,nonlinear elliptic equations has to be solved;in this paper an iterative technique based on the multigrid method is used to resolve the apparent numerical *** is shown that the splitting scheme allows for clean,noise-free simulations of electromagnetic drift waves and ion temperature gradient(ITG)*** is also shown that the advantage of noise-free kinetic simulations translates into better energy conservation properties.

关键词： Plasma micro-turbulence particle-in-cell simulation multigrid solver.

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Adaptive Grids in Simulations of Toroidal Plasma Starting from Magneto-Hydrodynamic Equilibrium

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Plasma Science and Technology 2015年第2期17卷 97-104页

作者：李旭静 l.E.ZAKHAROV S.A.GAlKIN Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences princeton Plasma Physics laboratory FAR-TECH Inc. 10350 Science Center Dr.Bld 14St 150San DiegoCA 92121USA

This paper introduces the notion of Tokamak Magneto-Hydrodynamics （TMHD）, which explicitly reflects the anisotropy of a high temperature tokamak plasma. The set of TMHD equations is formulated for simulation of macroscopic plasma dynamics and disruptions in tokamaks. Free from the Courant restriction on the time step, this set of equations is adequate to plasma dynamics with realistic parameters of high performance plasmas and does not require any extension of the MHD plasma model. At the same time, TMHD requires the use of magnetic field aligned numerical grids. Examples of their use in 2-dimensional cases of tokamak equilibria and dynamics of the wall touching kink mode are presented. For the 3-dimensional case of an ergodic magnetic field, this paper introduces the reference magnetic coordinates as a practical algorithm for generating adaptive grids for TMHD.

关键词： tokamak magneto-hydrodynamics disruptions numerical simulations adaprive grid

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Intercomparison of three South China Sea circulation models

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2004年第1期23卷 41-50页

作者： DUYan WANGDongxiao ZHOUWeidong WANGWeiqiang l1UXiongbin KeylaboratoryofTropicalMarineEnvironmentalDynamics SouthChinaSeaInstituteofOceanologyChineseAcademyofSciencesGuangzhou510301China

Three numerical oceanic circulation models: POM(princeton ocean model), MICOM(Miami isopycnal coordinates ocean model) and GFDl model, which adopt sigma coordinate, isopycnal coordinate and depth coordinate respectively, are used in the South China Sea(SCS) circulation modeling. Model domain has the same topography, grid resolution, initial conditions and surface boundary conditions. The maximum ocean depth is set as 1 000 m. Grid resolution is 0.5o×*** conditions are supplied by climatological temperature and salinity data in January. Climatological wind stress, surface temperature and salinity are used as surface forcing. lateral boundaries take enclosed boundary conditions artificially. Focusing on the common point of different ocean circulation models, the circulation pattern in winter and summer, sea surface height in the northern SCS, seasonal cycle of the mixed layer thickness in the southern SCS, barotropic stream function in winter are selected to carry out intercomparison. In winter, a strong cyclonic gyre occupies the whole SCS. In summer, a strong anticyclonic gyre occupies the southern SCS and a weak cyclonic gyre occupies the northern SCS. The thickness of the mixed layer shows bimodal features in the southern SCS. Sea surface height anomaly(SSHA) in the northern SCS has an eastward propagating feature, in agreement with the remote sensing observation. Barotropic stream functions indicate that the circulation of the upper ocean is mainly forced by inputting of wind stress curl under closed boundary conditions. In addition, three models also show distinct differences. The basin-scale circulation from MICOM is distinct. Output of POM has more mesoscale eddies than others. GFDl model seems good at simulating westward intensification.

关键词： models intercomparison South China Sea ocean circulation model

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Differential effects of short term winter thermal stress on diapausing tiger swallowtail butterflies （Papilio spp.）

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Insect Science 2012年第3期19卷 277-285页

作者： J. Mark Scriber Emily Maher Matthew l. Aardema Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing MI McGuire Center for lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton N J USA

It is generally thought that insects inhabiting lower latitudes are more severely impacted by changes in their thermal environment than are high latitude species. This is attributed to the wider range of temperatures to which high-latitude species are exposed. By contrast, low-latitude species have typically evolved in more thermally stable environments with a narrower range of temperature variation. However, deviation from this pattern can occur and here we report that under variable winter conditions a higher latitude species may be more sensitive to thermal variation than its lower latitude sister species. Using split broods, we examined the survival and adult emergence success of diapausing pupae of Papilio canadensis and P. glaucus, as well as a unique, recombinant hybrid population （＂late-flight＂） to short periods of mid-winter cold and heat stress. Our results indicate that the higher latitude, univoltine populations （P. canadensis and late-flights） exhibit lower pupal survival than the lower latitude, facultative diapauser （P. glaucus） for all mid-winter thermal stress treatments, both high and low. Size differences alone do not appear to account for the observed differences in survival or metabolic costs in these three pheno- types, as late-flight individuals are similar in size to R glaucus. We attribute the observed differences in survival and weight loss to potential metabolic differences and variation in the intensity of diapause, in addition to divergent adaptation to winter precipitation levels （e.g. snow cover） and the influences this may have on microhabitat temperature moderation.

关键词： climate change developmental threshold incipient hybrid species metabolic cost Papilionidae post-diapause delays thermal stress

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JMCB Symposium 2019:The legend of p53 ***

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2019年第7期11卷 628-629页

作者： Ping Zhang Suzanne P.Christen Gareth l.Bond ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxford 0X3 7DQUK The Simons Center for Systems Biology Institute for Advanced StudyPrincetonNJ 08540USA

The exciting symposium hosted by Journal of Molecular Cell Biology (JMCB),with the theme 'The legend of p53 ***',took place in Hangzhou,China on May 10-12,*** symposium provided the opportunity for delegates in the fields of p53 biology,epigenetics,and cancer research to share scientific updates and to bridge the gap between basic scienee and translational *** delegates also enjoyed celebrations ofthe 40th anniversary ofthe discovery of p53,as well as the 50th anniversary ofthe discovery of RNA polymerases.

关键词： symposium JMCB polymerases

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Treatment and disease management patterns for bacillus Calmette-Guérin unresponsive nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer in North America,Europe and Asia:A real-world data analysis

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Current Urology 2022年第3期16卷 147-153页

作者： Edward I.Broughton Danielle S.Chun Kyna M.Gooden Katie l.Mycock Ivana Rajkovic Gavin Taylor-Stokes WW Health Economics and Outcomes Research Bristol Myers SquibbPrincetonNJUSA The University of North Carolina Chapel HillNCUSA Observational Research Department Adelphi Real WorldBollingtonUK

Background:This study examined real-world treatment and management of bacillus Calmette-Guérin(BCG)-unresponsive patients across 3 continents,including patients unable or unwilling to undergo *** and methods:Physicians actively involved in managing patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer completed online case report forms for their 5 consecutive patients from the broad BCG-unresponsive population and a further 5 consecutive BCG-unresponsive patients who did not undergo cystectomy(in Japan,physicians provided a total of 5 patients across both cohorts).Results:Most patients had received 1(37%)or 2(24%)maintenance courses of *** or more maintenance BCG courses were received by patients in Japan(59%)and China(31%),while in Germany 76%of patients received only 1 *** patients became BCG-unresponsive during their first(44%)or second(22%)treatment course;in Germany,77%became BCG-unresponsive during their first treatment *** countries did not provide another course of BCG after a patient first became unresponsive,whereas unresponsive patients in Japan and China were most likely to be retreated with BCG."Untreated-on watch and wait"was the main treatment/management approach received post-BCG treatment for 42%or more of patients in most countries except China(39%)and the United States(36%)."Following treatment guidelines"was consistently the top reason for post-BCG treatment selection across all treatment ***:This study confirmed the global unmet need for patients with nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer,and found that many patients experienced periods of no treatment after not responding to BCG therapy.

关键词： Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Bladder cancer Cystectomy Treatment failure Urinary tract

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离子温度梯度不稳定性的解析理论

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物理学报 1982年第1期 17-29页

作者：郭世宠沈解伍陈骝蔡诗东中国科学院物理研究所美国普林斯敦大学等离子体物理实验室

本文用解析方法分别研究了在平板和环形模型中离子温度梯度不稳定性的阈值和等离子体温度参数的关系,发现当离子温度远大于电子温度时,阈值会有明显的升高;而且在两种几何模型中阈值随离子温度变化的趋势是相同的,这一结论与PlT的实验... 详细信息

本文用解析方法分别研究了在平板和环形模型中离子温度梯度不稳定性的阈值和等离子体温度参数的关系,发现当离子温度远大于电子温度时,阈值会有明显的升高;而且在两种几何模型中阈值随离子温度变化的趋势是相同的,这一结论与PlT的实验结果是符合的,解析结果与数值计算结果也符合得很好。

关键词：离子温度梯度解析理论数学理论朗道阻尼气球模不稳定性

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Improved Unlike-Particle Collision Operator for delta-f Drift-Kinetic Particle Simulations

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Communications in Computational Physics 2011年第2期9卷 231-239页

作者： R.A.Kolesnikov W.X.Wang F.l.Hinton los Alamos National laboratory Los AlamosNM 87544USA Plasma Physics laboratory P.O.Box 451PrincetonNJ 08543USA Center for Astrophysics&Space Science University of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCA 92093USA

Plasmas in modern tokamak experiments contain a significant fraction of impurity ion species in addition to main deuterium background.A new unlike-particle collision operator forδf particle simulation has been developed to study the nonlocal effects of impurities due to finite ion orbits on neoclassical transport in toroidal plasmas.A new algorithm for simulation of cross-collisions between different ion species includes test-particle and conserving field-particle *** improved field-particle operator is designed to exactly enforce conservation of number,momentum and energy.

关键词： Drift-kinetics magnetized plasmas

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