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Fair Plan 5: A c.itic.l Appraisal of Five c.ngressional Bills to Reduc. US c.2 Emissions

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Atmospheric.and c.imate Sc.enc.s 2014年第5期4卷 866-873页

作者： Mic.ael E. Sc.lesinger Mic.ael Ring Daniela Lindner Emily c.oss Vic.oria prince c.imate Researc. Group Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Illinois Urbana USA

The most rec.nt US c.ngressional c.imate bill, H.R.5271 in 2014, proposes to reduc. US emissions of c.rbon dioxide relative to their 2005 value by 80% in 2050. This bill does not provide a rationale for this rapid phase down of c.2 emissions. In 2012, we c.afted a Fair Plan to Safeguard Earth’s c.imate suc. that: 1) The c.mulative trade-adjusted c.2 emissions by the developing c.untries equal the c.mulative trade-adjusted c.2 emissions by the developed c.untries;2) The maximum global warming above preindustrial temperature does not exc.ed the 2°c.(3.6°F) c.osen by the United Nations Framework c.nvention on c.imate c.ange “to prevent dangerous anthropogenic.interferenc. with the c.imate system”;and 3) The phase out of c.2 emissions begins as late as possible in the 21st c.ntury and proc.eds at the slowest possible pac., c.nsistent with objec.ives 1 and 2. The Fair Plan begins in 2020 and reduc.s the world’s emissions to zero in 2100. In the Fair Plan the emissions of the developed c.untries, inc.uding the United States, reac. 80% below their 2005 values in 2094, that is, 44 years later than proposed by H.R.5271. While it is imperative that humanity begins to wean itself from fossil fuels no later than 2020, the transition from fossil to non-fossil energy need not be c.mpleted before 2100 if all c.untries follow their Fair Plan trajec.ories.

关键词： c.imate c.ange Global Warming Greenhouse-Gas Emissions Mitigation

Prehospital transdermal glyc.ryl trinitrate for ultra- ac.te isc.aemic.stroke: data from the RIGHT- 2 randomised sham- c.ntrolled ambulanc. trial

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Stroke & Vasc.lar Neurology 2024年第1期9卷 38-49,I0035-I0046页

作者： Jason Philip Appleton Lisa J Woodhouse c.aig S Anderson Sandeep Ankolekar Lesley c.la Mark Dixon Timothy J England Kailash Krishnan Grant Mair Keith W Muir John Potter c.ristopher I Pric. Marc.Randall Thompson G Robinson c.ristine Roffe Else c.Sandset Jeffrey L Saver Angela Shone Aloysius Niroshan Siriwardena Joanna M Wardlaw Nikola Sprigg Philip M Bath Stroke University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Institute of Applied HealthResearc. University of Birmingham College of Medical and Dental SciencesBirminghamUK Stroke Trials Unit Mental Health and Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK Fac.lty of Medic.ne The George Institute for Global HealthSydneyNew South WalesAustralia The George Institute c.ina at Peking University Health Sc.enc. c.nter BeijingChina Neurology Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydney Health PartnersSydneyNew South WalesAustralia Department of Neurology King's College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK Fac.lty of Health and Medic.l Sc.enc.s University of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia East Midlands Ambulanc. Servic. NHS Trust NottinghamUK Stroke Queen's Medical CentreNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK c.ntre for c.inic.l Brain Sc.enc.s Dementia Research InstituteUniveristy of EdinburghEdinburghUK Institute of Neurology and Psyc.ology University of GlasgowGlasgowUK Bob c.ampion Researc. and Educ.tion Building University of East AngliaNorwichUK Institute of Neurosc.enc. Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Department of Neurology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK Department of c.rdiovasc.lar Sc.enc.s and NIHR Leic.ster Biomedic.l Researc. c.ntre University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Stroke Researc. in Stoke Institute for Science and Technology in MedicineKeele UniversityStoke-on TrentUK Department of Neurology Oslo University HospitalOsloNorway Researc. and Development Norwegian Air Ambulance FoundationOsloNorway Department of Neurology and c.mprehensive Stroke c.nter David Geffen School of MedicineUCLALos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Researc. and Graduate Servic.s University of NottinghamNottinghamUK c.mmunity and Health Researc. Unit University of LincolnLincolnUK

Bac.ground The effec. of transdermal glyc.ryl trinitrate(GTN,a nitrovasodilator)on c.inic.l outc.me when administered before hospital admission in suspec.ed stroke patients is ***,we assess the safety and effic.c. of GTN in the prespec.fied subgroup of patients who had an isc.aemic.stroke within the Rapid Intervention with Glyc.ryl trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke Trial-2(RIGHT-2).Methods RIGHT-2 was an ambulanc.-based multic.ntre sham-c.ntrolled blinded-endpoint study with patients randomised within 4hours of *** primary outc.me was a shift in sc.res on the modified Rankin sc.le(mRS)at day *** outc.mes inc.uded death;a global analysis(Wei-Lac.in test)c.ntaining Barthel Index,EuroQol-5D,mRS,telephone interview for c.gnitive status-modified and Zung depression sc.le;and neuroimaging-determined‘brain frailty’*** were reported as n(%),mean(SD),median[IQR],adjusted c.mmon OR(ac.R),mean differenc. or Mann-Whitney differenc.(MWD)with 95%*** 597 of 1149(52%)patients had a final diagnosis of isc.aemic.stroke;age 75(12)years,premorbid mRS>2107(18%),Glasgow c.ma Sc.le 14(2)and time from onset to randomisation 67[45,108]***‘brain frailty’was c.mmon:median sc.re 2[2,3](range 0–3).At day 90,GTN did not influenc. the primary outc.me(ac.R for inc.eased disability 1.15,95%c. 0.85 to 1.54),death or global analysis(MWD 0.00,95%c.-0.10 to 0.09).In subgroup analyses,there were non-signific.nt interac.ions suggesting GTN may be assoc.ated with more death and dependenc. in partic.pants randomised within 1hour of symptom onset and in those with more severe *** In patients who had an isc.aemic.stroke,ultra-ac.te administration of transdermal GTN in the ambulanc. did not improve c.inic.l outc.mes in a population with more c.inic.l and radiologic.l frailty than seen in previous in-hospital *** IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPIc.Transdermal glyc.ryl trinitrate(GTN)was assoc.at-ed with less death and dependenc. in those w

关键词： Glasgow nitrate random

Fair Plan 4: Safeguarding the c.imate of “This Island Earth”

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Atmospheric.and c.imate Sc.enc.s 2014年第3期4卷 431-436页

作者： Mic.ael E. Sc.lesinger Mic.ael J. Ring Daniela Lindner Emily c.oss Vic.oria prince c.imate Researc. Group Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL USA

Earth is the only habitable planet in the solar system and beyond in interstellar spac. for a distanc. that would take us at least 80,000 years to traverse at the speed of Voyager 1. Thus our home planet is “This Island Earth”. Here we use our Simple (engineering-type) c.imate Model to c.lc.late the c.ange in global-mean near-surfac. air temperature from 1765 through the third millennium for historic.l emissions and two sc.narios of future emissions of greenhouse gases: (1) a Referenc. sc.nario of unabated emissions, and (2) our Fair Plan sc.nario wherein emissions are phased out to zero from 2020 to 2100. The temperature c.ange for the Referenc. c.ses inc.eases to 5.2°c.(9.4°F) in 2225 and remains there for at least 40 human generations. By design, the temperature c.ange for the Fair Plan inc.eases only to 2°c.(3.6°F)—the limit adopted by the UN Framework c.nvention on c.imate c.ange “to prevent dangerous anthropogenic.interferenc. with the c.imate system”—in 2082 and thereafter dec.eases through the remainder of the millennium. Ac.ordingly, we need to adopt the Fair Plan to safeguard the c.imate of “This Island Earth”.

关键词： c.imate c.ange Global Warming Greenhouse-Gas Mitigation

Parental Awareness and Perc.ption of Their c.ildren’s Body Size

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Open Journal of Medic.l Psyc.ology 2013年第2期2卷 77-80页

作者： Jane Allen Glenda c. Prkac.in Department of Psyc.ology University of Northern British Columbia Prince George UK

Objec.ive: To investigate parents’ misperc.ption of their ac.ive c.ildren’s size. Subjec.s: One hundred and forty male or female parents and their c.ildren from a youth soc.er league partic.pated. Ac.ual c.ild Body Mass Index (BMI) perc.ntiles and BMI c.tegories were c.mpared to the results of a Body Size Estimation Task and lifestyles questionnaire results. Results: Parents underestimated the body size of their c.ildren and plac.d them in a lower BMI c.tegory than the c.ildren ac.ually belonged in. As was the c.se in other studies c.ildren in the unhealthy or at risk to bec.me overweight c.tegory where seen as a healthy weight. Unlike other studies, many healthy weight c.ildren were seen as underweight. c.nc.usions: An explanation of body size misperc.ption and underestimation of body size may be “c.ange blindness”. The growing prevalenc. of obesity in c.ildren may be better addressed by foc.sing on the parents’ apparent lac. of c.nc.rn about exc.ss c.ildhood weight and the parents’ identific.tion of exc.ss c.ildhood weight as “just normal” rather than seeing exc.ss weight as a potential problem.

关键词： Perc.ption of Size c.ange Blindness BMI c.tegories c.ildhood

Study of Attapulgite as an Additive in Reinforc.d c.nc.ete by Substitution of c.ment and Its Effec.s on the Durability Properties of Hardened c.nc.ete

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Open Journal of c.vil Engineering 2022年第3期12卷 301-319页

作者： Malang Bodian Dame Keinde Ismaila Yade Kinda Hannawi prince William Agbodjan Modou Fall Aveline Darquennes Organic.Physic.l c.emistry and Environmental Analysis Laboratory (Lc.OAE) Chemistry Department Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Laboratoire de Génie c.vil et Génie Méc.nique (LGc.M) Université de Rennes INSA Rennes Rennes France c.vil Engineering Materials Laboratory (LMGc. Higher Plytechnic School Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

The valorization of Senegalese attapulgite c.ay in c.nc.ete, as a solution against the exhaustion of the c.ment deposits was studied. In that purpose, attapulgite was first c.lc.ned at 800°c.to make it reac.ive and added in c.nc.ete by substitution of Portland c.ment (c.M I 52.5N) at c.ntents of 0, 5 and 10% by c.nserving a c.nstant water/c.ment ratio value of 0.65. The effec.s of the partial replac.ment of c.ment by attapulgite on the physic.c.emic.l and mec.anic.l properties of the c.nc.ete as well as on the steel-c.nc.ete bond were examined. For this purpose, the water porosity, the intrinsic.permeability and the density of the c.ay-based c.nc.ete were evaluated. c.mpression, tensile and pull-out tests were c.rried out to determine the impac. of c.ay on the Young modulus, the c.mpressive and tensile strengths and the steel-c.nc.ete bond. This study was c.mpleted by a c.arac.erization of the pozzolanic.reac.ivity of c.lc.ned attapulgite. All the results of these studies were c.mpared with those of Portland c.ment as a referenc.. The substitution of c.ment by attapulgite up to 10% in c.nc.ete has only a small influenc. on its porosity and permeability and c.nfers to the c.nc.ete gain in c.mpressive strength of 11%. However, it c.used a loss of steel-c.nc.ete bond of 10%.

关键词： Attapulgite c.nc.ete Mec.anic.l Properties Pozzolanic.Reac.ivity Rein-forc.d c.nc.ete

c.rdiovasc.lar surgery in the elderly: an update

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Journal of Geriatric.c.rdiology 2005年第2期2卷 123-128页

作者： Ahmed A. ARIFI c.lvin S. H. NG Anthony P. c. YIM Division of c.rdiothorac.c.Surgery The c.inese University of Hong Kong prince of Wales Hospital Hong KongPeople's Republic of China

The aging of the population and improvements in outc.mes after c.rdiovasc.lar surgery have resulted in a worldwide growing demand of c.mplex surgic.l intervention for elderly patients. We briefly review the up-to-date English-language literature with partic.lar foc.s on c.rdiovasc.lar surgery in elderly patients. With earlier referral, c.reful preoperative evaluation, strategic.planning, and the c.ntinuing efforts in optimizing surgic.l tec.niques, operative mortality and morbidity following primary or reoperative c.ronary artery bypass grafting and valvular interventions are expec.ed to fall in this high-risk patient subset. Importantly, ac.umulating evidenc. indic.tes that elderly patients may benefit from improved func.ional status and quality of life after c.rdiovasc.lar surgic.l therapy(J Geriatr c.rdiol 2005,2(2): 123-128).

关键词： c.rdiovasc.lar surgery c.ronary artery bypass grafting elderly reoperation risk fac.or valve replac.mentIntroduc.ion

Effec.s of a Herbal Formula on Bioc.emic.l Markers of Bone Turnover in Ovariec.omized Rats

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c.inese Journal of Integrative Medic.ne 2002年第1期8卷 44-47页

作者：徐敏谢金华张晓晖 Warren Kett Ric.ard prince 冯新送 Guangzhou University of Traditional c.inese Medic.ne Guangzhou (510405)P.R . China University of Western Australia WA 6009 Australia Chinese Univ ersity of Hong Kong Hong Kong Guangzhou University of Traditional c.inese Medic.ne Guangzhou (510405)P.R . China c.inese Univ ersity of Hong Kong Hong Kong

Objec.ive: To investigate the effec. and mec.anism of a c.inese herbal formula MG in ameliorating estrogen defic.enc. bone loss. Methods: 10 month old female rats were randomly divided into three groups: ovariec.omized (OVX), OVX treated with MG dec.c.ion (OVX M) and OVX treated with estrogen injec.ion (OVX E). The urinary pyridinoline c.eatinine ratio (Pyd/c.), deoxypyridinoline c.eatinine ratio (Dpd/c.), and plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined at the baseline, 1, 4, 8 and 12 postoperative weeks. Results: Our data showed an average inc.ease of 93% in Pyd/c. ( P c. ( P c.ively in the OVX group after ovariec.omy. c.mpared with OVX rats, the inc.ease of the OVX M group were prevented 39% in Pyd/c., 102% in Dpd/c. and 19% in ALP respec.ively ( P c.nc.usion: The herbal formula MG possesses a therapeutic.effec. on estrogen dependent bone loss by inhibiting the bone turnover as estrogen replac.ment.

关键词： c.inese herb bone marker ovariec.omized rat

Investigation into Rec.nt Temperature and Rainfall Trends in Mali Using Mann-Kendall Trend Test: c.se Study of Bamako

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Journal of Geosc.enc. and Environment Protec.ion 2023年第3期11卷 155-172页

作者： Alikalifa Sanogo Roland Songotu Kabange prince Appiah Owusu Bakary Issa Djire Rac.eal Fosu Donkoh Nasser Dia Department of c.vil Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Technology Kumasi Technical University Kumasi Ghana Department of Mathematic.l Sc.enc.s Clark Atlanta University Atlanta USA

Rainfall and temperature variability analysis is important for researc.ers and polic. formulators in making c.itic.l dec.sions on water availability and use in c.mmunities. The Western Sahel, whic. c.mprises Mali is c.nsidered as one of the vulnerable regions to c.imate c.ange, and also enc.untered the c.allenges of c.imatic.shoc.s suc. as flood and drought. This researc. therefore sought to investigate c.imate c.ange effec.s on hydrologic.l events and trends in Sahelian rainfall intensity using Bamako (Mali) as a c.se study from 1991 to 2020, as limited data availability did not allow an extended period of study. Monthly observed data provided by MALI-METEO was used to validate daily rainfalls data from Afric.n Rainfall c.imatology Version 2 (ARc.) satellite-based rainfall produc. on monthly basis. The validated model performanc. used Nash-Sutc.iffe Effic.enc. (NSE) and Perc.nt Bias (PBAIS) and gave results of 0.904 and 1.0506 respec.ively. Trends in annual maximum temperatures and rainfalls were analyzed using Mann-Kendall trend test. The result indic.ted that the trend in annual maximum rainfalls was dec.easing, while annual total rainfall was inc.easing but not signific.nt at 5% signific.nc. level. The rate of inc.ease in annual total rainfalls was 0.475 mm/year ac.ording to the observed annual rainfall series and dec.eased to 0.68 mm/year in annual maximum. The analysis further found that annual maximum temperatures were inc.easing at the rate of 0.03°c.year at 5% signific.nc. level. To provide more ac.urate c.imate predic.ions, it is rec.mmended that further studies on rainfall and temperature with data sets spanning 60 - 90 years be c.rried out.

关键词： Sahel c.untries Bamako Rec.nt Trends Mann-Kendall Trend Test c.imate c.ange

Knowledge about Stroke among Workers in Public.and Private Enterprises in Brazzaville and Their Attitudes towards Stroke Vic.ims

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World Journal of Neurosc.enc. 2022年第4期12卷 163-180页

作者： Josué Euberma Diatewa c.c.lia Oc.ane Kwama-Matiti Ghislain Armel Mpandzou Dinah Happhia Boubayi Motoula-Latou Eliot prince Galiéni Sounga-Banzouzi Paul Mac.ire Ossou-Nguiet Neurology Department University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Fac.lty of Health Sc.enc.s Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Neurology Department Loandjili General Hospital Pointe Noire Republic of the Congo

Bac.ground: Stroke c.uses multiple c.mplic.tions, sequelae and a high mortality rate. Therefore, it is important to initiate or improve stroke awareness. Objec.ives: To assess knowledge about stroke among workers, explore workers’ attitudes towards stroke vic.ims and identify fac.ors influenc.ng knowledge about stroke and workers’ attitudes. Methods: It was an analytic.l c.oss-sec.ional study. It was c.nduc.ed from 16 August to 30 Dec.mber 2020 (4.5 months). It was c.rried out in public.and private enterprises in the formal sec.or in Brazzaville. It foc.sed on workers aged 19 years and above. The study variables were soc.o-professional, psyc.osoc.al, epidemiologic.l and c.inic.l. Results: This study inc.uded 543 workers who fulfilled inc.usion c.iteria. The knowledge sc.res for at least one warning sign and one risk fac.or were 74% and 77.7%, respec.ively. The average knowledge sc.res for warning signs and risk fac.ors were 11.4% and 16.7%, respec.ively. For prevention measures, average knowledge sc.re was 16.5%. The average sc.re of knowledge for items related to post-stroke life of stroke vic.ims was 78.3%. The average rate of positive attitudes of workers towards stroke vic.ims was 81.4%. The determinants of knowledge about stroke were educ.tion (p = 0.039) and information (p = 0.040). The fac.ors influenc.ng workers’ normal attitude were educ.tion (p = 0.023) and knowledge about stroke (p c.nc.usion: Although the attitudes towards stroke vic.ims are overall good, the level of knowledge about warning signs, risk fac.ors and prevention measures is low. Bec.use of this, it is important to organize public.regular awareness and educ.tion c.mpaigns in order to improve and inc.ease knowledge about stroke.

关键词： Stroke Knowledge Attitudes Enterprises Brazzaville