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Cost analysis model for catalytic conversion of syngas in to light hydrocarbon gases

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2015年第1期2卷 37-50页

作者： Yangyang Deng prem b.Parajuli Hakkwan Kim Department of Agricultural and biological Engineering Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMS 39762United States

bio-gasification is a new technology and considered as a more efficient way to utilize *** economic feasibility becomes one of the greatest issues when we apply this new *** of economic feasibility of a bio-gasification facility needs better understanding of its production unit cost under different capacities and different working shift *** objective of this study was to evaluate the unit cost of biofuel products(Liquid HCs,Light HCs and Oxygenates CxHyOz)under different capacities using a modeling *** cost analysis model was developed using Visual basic Microsoft 2008,computer programming language and mathematical *** modeling results showed that the unit costs of biofuel product from bio-gasification facility were significantly affected by production capacities of *** the facility capacity increased from 65 to 10,000 N m^3 h^-1,the biofuel production unit cost of gas(Light HCs),oil(Liquid HCs),and aqueous(Oxygenates CxHyOz)decreased from$38.92 per MMbTU,$30.89 per gallon and$25.74 per gallon to$2.01 per MMbTU,$1.59 per gallon,and$1.33 per gallon,*** results of the sensitivity analysis showed that feedstock cost was the most sensitive cost factor on unit costs for all biofuel products at high *** cost analysis model developed in this study could be used to optimize production unit costs of bio-fuel products from bio-gasification facility.

关键词： biofuel bio-gasification Cost analysis model Production capacity Unit cost

Assessing model parameters sensitivity and uncertainty of streamflow,sediment,and nutrient transport using SWAT

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2019年第1期6卷 61-72页

作者： Abdullah O.Dakhlalla prem b.Parajuli Department of Agricultural and biological Engineering Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMS 39762United States

The objectives of this study were to(1)simulate streamflow,total sediment(TS),total phosphorus(TP),and total nitrogen(TN)loads;and(2)use the sequential uncertainty fitting(SUFI-2)algorithm to quantify the model parameter sensitivity and uncertainty in simulating streamflow,TS,TP,and TN loads using Soil and Water Assessment(SWAT)model in big Sunflower River watershed(bSRW).The model was calibrated from 1996 to 2003 and validated from 2004 to 2010 for daily streamflow,TS load,TP load,and TN *** model performed well simulating daily streamflow(R^2=0.58-0.75,NSE=0.47-0.75),TS load(R^2=0.50-0.72,NSE=0.47-0.66),and TP load(R^2=0.79-0.82,NSE=0.73-0.77),and the model performance was slightly low for TN load(R^2=0.13-0.31,NSE=0.09 to 0.07).This study determined that parameter uncertainty was greatest for simulating TN load(p-factor=0.48,r-factor=1.25)and that parameter uncertainty was lowest for simulating streamflow(p-factor=0.70-0.78,r-factor=1.18-1.19).Output uncertainty was much greater during peak streamflow and peak pollutant loads compared to periods of low streamflow and low pollutant *** sensitivity analyses found that streamflow was most sensitive to Manning’s roughness coefficient for the main channel(CH_N2),TS load was most sensitive the peak rate adjustment factor for sediment routing in the tributary channels(ADJ_PKR),TP load was most sensitive to the Phosphorus enrichment ratio for loading with sediments(ERORGP),and TN load was most sensitive to the denitrification exponential rate coefficient(CDN).Uncertainty was found to be much greater during peak streamflow and peak pollutant loads compared to periods of low streamflow and low pollutant loads.

关键词： Model parameters Sensitivity Uncertainty SWAT Pollutant loads

Threshold for initiation of motion of unimodal and bimodal sediments

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2013年第1期28卷 24-33页

作者： Shaileshkumar b.PATEL prem Lal PATEL Prakash Devidas POREY Water Resources Engineering CEDSardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of TechnologySurat-395007India Department of Civil Engineering Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of TechnologySurat-395007India Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat-395007India

Experimental data,obtained from previous studies,on Critical Tractive Stress(CTS) of non-uniform sediments, have been used to verify the adequacy of existing relationships for CTS of non-uniform bimodal *** in view the performance of such relationships,a new relationship for computation of dimensionless CTS of individual size fraction of non-uniform unimodal and bimodal sediments has been proposed in the form of power *** coefficient and exponent of the proposed power law have been empirically correlated with sediment characteristics for available sediment *** proposed relationship has been validated with independent flume and field data to assess their applicability for unimodal and bimodal sediments.

关键词： bimodal Critical tractive stress Non-uniform sediment Scaling size Unimodal

Unique and conserved features of floral evocation in legumes

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Journal of Integrative Plant biology 2014年第8期56卷 714-728页

作者： Lim Chee Liew Mohan b. Singh prem L. bhalla Plant Molecular biology and biotechnology Laboratory Melbourne School of Land and Environment University of Melbourne

Legumes, with their unique ability to fix atmo- spheric nitrogen, play a vital role in ensuring future food security and mitigating the effects of climate change because they use less fossil energy and produce less greenhouse gases compared with N-fertilized systems. Grain legumes are second only to cereal crops as a source of human and animal food, and they contribute approximately one third of the protein consumed by the human population. The productivityof seed crops, such as grain legumes, is dependent on flowering. Despite the genetic variation and importance of flowering in legume production, studies of the molecular pathways that control flowering in legumes are limited. Recent advances in genomics have revealed that legume flowering pathways are divergent from those of such model species as Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we discuss the current understanding of flowering time regulation in legumes and highlight the unique and conserved features of floral evocation in legumes.

关键词： Flowering legume soybean

Influence of A-site cation disorder on structural and magnetocaloric properties of Nd_(0.7–x)La_xSr_(0.3)MnO_3(x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2 & 0.3)

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Journal of Rare Earths 2015年第10期33卷 1072-1080页

作者： Sudharshan Vadnala prem Pal Saket Asthana Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad

In the present research, the influence of A-site ionic size disorder on structural, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Ndo.7_xtaxSr0.3MnO3 （for x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2 ＆ 0.3） compounds were investigated. These compounds were synthesized by solid state reaction route and crystallized in orthorhombic structure with Pnma space group. An average ionic radius 〈rA〉 increased with La-substitution which influenced the physical properties such as the magnetic entropy varying from 4.78 J/kg.K （for x-=0.0） to 3.55 J/kg.K （for x=0.3） and the maximum magnetization at 5 K changing from 3.92 μb （for x=0.0） to 3.59 μb （for x=0.3）. The change in maximum magnetic entropy decreased with increase of A-site average ionic radius. The decrease in magnetic entropy indicated the suppression of lattice disorder that influenced the spin-lattice coupling. The ferromagnetic transition temperature shifted toward room temperature with La substitution. As 〈rA〉 increased, the phase transition changed from first order （for x-=0.0） to second order （for x≥ 0.1） and the refrigeration capacity increased to a significant level. The modest change in magnetic entropy over a wide range of transition temperature might be useful for future active magnetic refrigeration technology.

关键词： manganites magnetocaloric effect relative cooling Curie temperature rare earths

EFFECTS OF UNDERSCOUR DEPTH AND HORIZONTAL SPACING bETWEEN TWO bED PROTECTION bLOCKS ON STAbILITY OF FRONTAL bLOCK

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2012年第4期24卷 579-588页

作者： SHAH prem TANAKA Norio YAGISAWA Junji Graduate School of Science and Engineering Saitama University Sakura-ku Saitama-shi Saitama Japan

The stability of a river-bed protection block in a flood event is affected by underscouring of the block. The effects of block spacing on block stability were investigated in different underscour conditions. Three blocks were placed at the bottom in a flume, and the underscour depth of the frontal block and distance between the first and second blocks were changed. Drag and lift forces were measured directly in each experimental condition. Particle Image Velocimetry （PIV） was used to visualize the flow and eva- luate the streamline pattern. Pressure measurements around the block to understand the pressure distribution show that the pressure distribution on the rear and bottom surfaces of the block is significantly affected by changes in block spacing and underscour depth. The experimental results show that for the same underscour gap, lift, and drag coefficients decreased with increasing space between the two blocks. In addition, if the underscour gap is increased with the same horizontal spacing, the lift coefficient increases and drag coefficient decreases. These results demonstrate that wider spacing enhance stability of the frontal block in the underscour condition. Moreover, analysis of block stability with changing underscouring and horizontal spacing shows that bed protection blocks seem to have more stability when the gap between two bed protection blocks was equal to height of the blocks.

关键词： bed protection block stability underscouring Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)

Evolution of stellated gold nanoparticles:New conceptual insights into controlling the surface processes

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Nano Research 2022年第2期15卷 1260-1268页

作者： Gurvinder Singh Hesamodin Jami Pooria Lesani Shubhayan b.hattacharya Yogambha Ramaswamy prem b.isht Hala Zreiqat ARC Centre for Innovative bioEngineering Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Research UnitSydney Nano Institute and the School oj Biomedical EngineeringThe University of SydneyNSW 2008Australia Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennaiIndia

Understanding the surface processes(deposition and surface diffusion)that occur at or close to the surface of growing nanoparticles is important for fabricating reproducibly stellated or branched gold nanoparticles with precise control over arm length and spatial orientation of arms around the *** employing a simple seed-mediated strategy,we investigate the key synthetic variables for precise tuning of in situ surface processes(competition between the deposition and surface diffusion).These variables include the reduction rate of a reaction,the packing density of molecules/ions on the high surface energy facets,and *** a result,the thermodynamically stabilized nanoparticles(cuboctahedron and truncated cube)and kinetic products(cube,concave cube,octapod,stellated octahedron,and rhombic dodecahedron)in different sizes with high quantitative shape yield(>80%)can be obtained depending on the reduction rate of reaction and the packing density of molecules/*** computer simulation,we studied the stability of stellated(branched structure)and non-stellated(non-branched structure)gold nanoparticles at high *** construct a morphology phase diagram by varying different synthetic parameters,illustrating the formation of both stellated and non-stellated gold nanoparticles in a range of reaction *** stellated gold nanoparticles display shape-dependent optical properties and can be self-assembled into highly ordered superstructures to achieve an enhanced plasmonic *** strategy can be applied to other metal systems,allowing for the rational design of advanced new stellated metal nanoparticles with fascinating symmetry dependent plasmonic,catalytic,and electronic properties for technological applications.

关键词： surface diffusion shape control stellated nanoparticles self-assembly nanoplasmonics octapod stellated octahedron

Assessing anthropogenic pressure and threats on Paeonia emodi *** Royle habitats in Garhwal Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2023年第3期20卷 810-820页

作者： Praveen JOSHI prem PRAKASH Vijay Kant PUROHIT Department of botany Govt.M.B.P.G.CollegeHaldwani 263641Indial High Altitude Plant Physiology Research Centre H.N.B.Garhwal Central UniversitySrinagar Garhwal 263671India

The Garhwal Himalaya is among the major repositories of immensely valuable wild edible plants and provides food security to the local *** the valuable plant species that grow in this region,Paeonia emodi(family Paeoniaceae)is an important wild edible species that found in temperate regions with an altitude range between 1800 and 2800 *** species is facing a severe threat to its sustainability due to overharvesting,habitat disturbances,and a lack of effort regarding *** the first time,this study investigated anthropogenic pressure,population decline perceptions in the natural habitat,and vulnerability assessment of *** under selected study sites(n=23 villages).A semi structured questionnaire was used to interview approximately 45%of the local inhabitants,including herbal practitioners(Vaidhyas or Dais)of each *** the basis of demographic characteristics,the perceptions and responses of 464 local people were documented regarding potential causes of deterioration and feasible options for sustainable *** the weight survey method,we estimated the actual amount of collection based on personal interaction and direct *** order to determine the threats status,a rapid vulnerability assessment(RVA)was performed and were used based on the current exploitation and *** present study revealed that leaf(100%)was the most frequently harvested part,followed by stem(95.65%),seed(26.09%),root(21.74%)and flower(13.04%).The village Triyuginarayan and Pothivasa recorded the highest collection scores while the purpose of the collection was mostly edible(100%),medicinal(100%),and least commercial(8.70%).According to the literature review and the present survey,the RVA(total=21)is categorized as category II(intermediate side of the RVA index),indicating a degree of *** study revealed that *** faces extinction in the Garhwal *** this species through agro-production techniques may alleviate th

关键词： Anthropogenic pressure Conservational strategies Garhwal Himalaya Paeonia emodi Rapid vulnerability assessment Wild edibles

biological Parts for Engineering Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

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bioDesign Research 2022年第1期2022卷 395-435页

作者： Neeta Lohani Mohan b.Singh prem L.bhalla Plant Molecular biology and biotechnology Laboratory Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural SciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia

It is vital to ramp up crop production dramatically by 2050 due to the increasing global population and demand for ***, with the climate change projections showing that droughts and heatwaves becoming common in much of the globe,there is a severe threat of a sharp decline in crop yields. Thus, developing crop varieties with inbuilt genetic tolerance toenvironmental stresses is urgently needed. Selective breeding based on genetic diversity is not keeping up with the growingdemand for food and feed. However, the emergence of contemporary plant genetic engineering, genome-editing, and syntheticbiology offer precise tools for developing crops that can sustain productivity under stress conditions. Here, we summarize thesystems biology-level understanding of regulatory pathways involved in perception, signalling, and protective processesactivated in response to unfavourable environmental conditions. The potential role of noncoding RNAs in the regulation ofabiotic stress responses has also been highlighted. Further, examples of imparting abiotic stress tolerance by geneticengineering are discussed. Additionally, we provide perspectives on the rational design of abiotic stress tolerance throughsynthetic biology and list various bioparts that can be used to design synthetic gene circuits whose stress-protective functionscan be switched on/off in response to environmental cues.

关键词： protective crops precise