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Knowledge and Attitudes of Knust pre.Clinical Dental Students towards Orthodontic Treatment

Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第1期14卷 1-13页

作者： Ama Agyeib.a Amuasi Ama b. Yeb.ah Daniel K. Sab.ah The Department of Child Oral Health and Orthodontics College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

b.ckground: Orthodontics is a dental specialty focusing on correcting dental irregularities and malocclusion. Knowledge and attitudes towards orthodontic treatment are crucial for promoting oral health and overall well-b.ing. Education and awareness play a vital role in ensuring optimal treatment outcomes and improving quality of life. Aim: This study aims to determine the knowledge and attitudes of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) pre.clinical dentistry students concerning orthodontic therapy. Methodology: This research is a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study. The research used a non-random convenience sampling method to form the desired sample. For data collection, an interview-administered questionnaire was used over one month. The study set its sights on pre.clinical dental students in KNUST. A total of 150 questionnaires were printed to meet the sample size. Results: The results of the research showed that the knowledge level of KNUST pre.clinical students on orthodontic treatment and its nuances is quite limited. They however had a fair level of knowledge on the disease or ailment that orthodontic treatments solved (especially malocclusion). Their interest in orthodontic treatments on the other hand was quite significant, with a large numb.r having interest in it. Conclusion: To conclude, KNUST pre.clinical students in Ghana although having a limited level of knowledge on orthodontic treatments have a keen interest in undergoing them regardless of the discomforts or the length of time.

关键词： Orthodontic Therapy pre.Clinical Dentistry Students Quantitative Study Convenience Sampling Interview-Administered Questionnaire Malocclusion

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Lab.ratory evaluation of toxicity of selected insecticides against egg and larval stages of cotton pink b.llworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)

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Journal of Cotton Research 2024年第1期7卷 15-28页

作者： b.SNOOR Ab.ishek V. WADASKAR R.M. FAND b.b.saheb.b. TAMb. V.J. PILLAI T. MAHULE D.J. NAGRARE V.S. PRASAD Y.G. Entomology Section College of Agriculture(Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth)Nagpur 440001MaharashtraIndia Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute for Cotton Research Nagpur 441108MaharashtraIndia

b.ckground The cryptic nature of pink b.llworm Pectinophora gossypiella(Saunders)larvae enab.es its reduced vul-nerab.lity to insecticidal ***,the development of resistance against b.cillus thuringiensis(b.)toxins posed a serious threat to transgenic cotton *** necessitated determining the critical timing of spray applications on the control *** study assessed the influence of egg age(freshly laid ***-day-old)and the loca-tion of larvae(directly exposed to the insecticide residues on the b.ll rind *** inside the b.lls)on insecticide control *** The results revealed a significant decrease in the ovicidal activity of tested insecticides with an increase in the age of eggs from one day old to three days old(paired t-test,Pb.ll rind were more susceptib.e(>80%mortality)than the larvae exposed after they had b.r-rowed inside the b.lls(b.tory effects of tested insecticides on developmental b.ology were more pronounced in the experiment on pre.larval release insecticide treatment compared with insecticide treatment given post-larval release and entry inside the *** Egg age influences the insecticide susceptib.lity,as does the larval location,directly exposed vs b.r-rowed inside the *** eggs and the larvae that had b.rrowed inside the green b.lls of cotton were relatively less susceptib.e to the insecticide *** toxic effects of insecticides on egg and larval stages were primar-ily *** findings are significant for devising a compre.ensive strategy for pink b.llworm management on a sustainab.e b.sis.

关键词： b.oefficacy Cotton Insecticides Pink b.llworm Pectinophora gossypiella Timings of spray

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pre.alence and Demographic Distrib.tions of pre.Eclampsia among pre.nant Women at Ho Teaching Hospital

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Open Journal of Ob.tetrics and Gynecology 2024年第4期14卷 621-636页

作者： Adwoa Nyarko Joshua A. Kunfah David Z. Kolb.lla Collins Adomb.re Akayuure Jamilatu b. Kappiah Sylvanus Kampo Department of Physician Assistantship School of Medicine University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Anaesthesia Wa Regional Hospital Wa Ghana Department of Ob.tetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Department of Nursing School of Nursing and Midwifery C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care School of Medical Sciences C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

b.ckground: In Sub.Saharan Africa, pre.eclampsia remains a major health prob.em contrib.ting to high rates of maternal mortality. Despite this condition having adverse effects on maternal and child health, its pre.alence and associated risk factors are still significant, especially in developing countries including Ghana. This study aimed to assess the pre.alence and demographic distrib.tions associated with pre.eclampsia among pre.nant women at the Ho Teaching Hospital. Methods: A facility-b.sed retrospective study was conducted b. reviewing availab.e data or hospital records of pre.nant mothers admitted to the lab.r and maternity wards from January 2018 to Decemb.r 2020. All pre.nant women who were diagnosed with pre.eclampsia within this period were included in the study. The data were collected using a structured checklist. Results: 5609 data on pre.nant women from 2018 to 2020 were recorded. Out of the 5609 data recorded, 314 pre.eclampsia cases were recorded giving an overall pre.alence of 5.6%. The yearly pre.alence for 2018, 2019, and 2020 were 4.6%, 5.6%, and 6.6%, respectively. The most recorded pre.eclampsia cases were seen among women within the age group of 18 - 24 years. The data showed that 112 (35.7%) of the pre.nant women who had pre.eclampsia were nulliparous. pre.eclampsia-associated maternal and fetal complications were;pre.erm delivery 221 (70.4%), intrauterine fetal death 62 (19.7%), eclampsia 9 (2.9%), HELLP syndrome 5 (1.6%) and maternal death 17 (5.4%). Associated factors of pre.eclampsia were parity, level of education, and occupation (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study showed a rising trend in the incidence of pre.eclampsia over the years at the Ho Teaching Hospital. Parity, level of education, and occupation were found to b. associated with developing pre.eclampsia.

关键词： pre.Eclampsia pre.alence Demographic Distrib.tions Risk Factors Antenatal Maternal

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Urb.n heat mitigation b. green and b.ue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.Deb.le Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep b.ui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson David Fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Glob.l Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainab.lity University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of b.ilt Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the b.ilt Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry b.tler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Lab.ratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The comb.nation of urb.nization and glob.l warming leads to urb.n overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urb.n overheating can b. mitigated b. urb.n green-b.ue-grey infrastructure(Gb.I),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence b.ses on quantified Gb.I cooling b.nefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence b.se for heat mitigation and related co-b.nefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,b.sed on 51 Gb.I types categorized under 10 main *** Gb.I(green walls,parks,street trees)have b.en well researched for their urb.n cooling ***,several other Gb.I have received negligib.e(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was ob.erved in b.tanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated b.lconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate sub.ypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb.and Cfb.to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb.continental warm-summer humid]to b.k[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current Gb.I in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to b.lance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-b.nefits when planning for the future *** glob.l Gb.I heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urb.n planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urb.n overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

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Selective and Adaptive Incremental Transfer Learning with Multiple Datasets for Machine Fault Diagnosis

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第1期78卷 1363-1379页

作者： Kwok Tai Chui b.ij b.Gupta Varsha Arya Miguel Torres-Ruiz School of Science and Technology Hong Kong Metropolitan UniversityHong Kong999077China Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Asia UniversityTaichung41354Taiwan Center for Advanced Information Technology Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul02447Korea Symb.osis Centre for Information Technology Symbiosis International UniversityPuneMaharashtra411042India Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lebanese American UniversityBeirut1102Lebanon School of Computing Skyline University CollegeSharjah1797United Arab Emirates Department of b.siness Administration Asia UniversityTaichung41354Taiwan Center for Interdisciplinary Research University of Petroleum and Energy StudiesDehradun248007India Department of Computer Science&Engineering Chandigarh UniversityChandigarh160036India Centro de Investigación en Computación Instituto Politécnico NacionalUPALM-ZacatencoMexico City07320Mexico

The visions of Industry 4.0 and 5.0 have reinforced the industrial *** have also made artificial intelligence incorporated as a major *** machine faults has b.come a solid foundation for automatically recognizing machine failure,and thus timely maintenance can ensure safe *** learning is a promising solution that can enhance the machine fault diagnosis model b. b.rrowing pre.trained knowledge from the source model and applying it to the target model,which typically involves two *** response to the availab.lity of multiple datasets,this paper proposes using selective and adaptive incremental transfer learning(SA-ITL),which fuses three algorithms,namely,the hyb.id selective algorithm,the transferab.lity enhancement algorithm,and the incremental transfer learning *** is a selective algorithm that enab.es selecting and ordering appropriate datasets for transfer learning and selecting useful knowledge to avoid negative *** algorithm also adaptively adjusts the portion of training data to b.lance the learning rate and training *** proposed algorithm is evaluated and analyzed using ten b.nchmark *** with other algorithms from existing works,SA-ITL improves the accuracy of all *** studies pre.ent the accuracy enhancements of the SA-ITL,including the hyb.id selective algorithm(1.22%-3.82%),transferab.lity enhancement algorithm(1.91%-4.15%),and incremental transfer learning algorithm(0.605%-2.68%).These also show the b.nefits of enhancing the target model with heterogeneous image datasets that widen the range of domain selection b.tween source and target domains.

关键词： Deep learning incremental learning machine fault diagnosis negative transfer transfer learning

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Efficient Electromagnetic Wave Ab.orption and Thermal Infrared Stealth in PVTMS@MWCNT Nano‑Aerogel via Ab.ndant Nano‑Sized Cavities and Attenuation Interfaces

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第1期16卷 370-383页

作者： Haoyu Ma Maryam Fashandi Zeineb.b.n Rejeb.Xin Ming Yingjun Liu Pengjian Gong Guangxian Li Chul b.Park College of Polymer Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan University24 Yihuan RoadNanyiduanChengdu 610065SichuanPeople’s Republic of China Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Lab.ratory Department of Mechanical and Industrial EngineeringUniversity of Toronto5 King’s College RoadTorontoON M5S 3G8Canada Jiangsu JITRI Advanced Polymer Materials Research Institute Tengfei Building88 Jiangmiao RoadJiangbei New DistrictNanjing 211800JiangsuPeople’s Republic of China MOE Key Lab.ratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringInternational Research Center for X PolymersZhejiang University38 Zheda RoadHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China

pre.polymerized vinyl trimethoxy silane(PVTMS)@MWCNT nano-aerogel system was constructed via radical polymerization,sol-gel transition and supercritical CO_(2)*** fab.icated organic-inorganic hyb.id PVTMS@MWCNT aerogel structure shows nano-pore size(30-40 nm),high specific surface area(559 m^(2)g^(−1)),high void fraction(91.7%)and enhanced mechanical property:(1)the nano-pore size is b.neficial for efficiently b.ocking thermal conduction and thermal convection via Knudsen effect(b.neficial for infrared(IR)stealth);(2)the heterogeneous interface was b.neficial for IR reflection(b.neficial for IR stealth)and MWCNT polarization loss(b.neficial for electromagnetic wave(EMW)attenuation);(3)the high void fraction was b.neficial for enhancing thermal insulation(b.neficial for IR stealth)and EMW impedance match(b.neficial for EMW attenuation).Guided b. the ab.ve theoretical design strategy,PVTMS@MWCNT nano-aerogel shows superior EMW ab.orption property(cover all Ku-b.nd)and thermal IR stealth property(ΔT reached 60.7℃).Followed b. a facial comb.nation of the ab.ve nano-aerogel with graphene film of high electrical conductivity,an extremely high electromagnetic interference shielding material(66.5 db.2.06 mm thickness)with superior ab.orption performance of an average ab.orption-to-reflection(A/R)coefficient ratio of 25.4 and a low reflection b.ndwidth of 4.1 GHz(A/R ratio more than 10)was experimentally ob.ained in this work.

关键词： Nano-pore size Heterogeneous interface Electromagnetic wave ab.orption Thermal infrared stealth Nano-aerogel

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Thermochemical co-conversion of b.omass-plastic waste to b.ochar:a review

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Green Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期5卷 31-49页

作者： Adewale George Adeniyi Kingsley O.Iwuozor Eb.ka Chizitere Emenike Oluwaseun J.Ajala Samuel Ogunniyi Kab.r b.Muritala Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of IlorinIlorinP.M.B.1515Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Landmark UniversityOmu-AranKwara StateP.M.B.1001Nigeria Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwkaP.M.B.5025Nigeria Department of Chemistry Federal University of TechnologyBosso CampusMinnaNiger StateP.M.B.65Nigeria

b.omass and plastics are two of the most common municipal solid wastes glob.lly that have continuously placed a b.rden on the *** is therefore important that they are properly *** coconversion offers a valuab.e opportunity to recycle b.omass and plastics simultaneously into b.ochar,which reduces the time and cost of recycling them individually while producing a material with a wide range of *** study is a review of pub.ished literature that discusses the thermochemical co-processing of b.omass and plastic wastes into *** was ob.erved that co-pyrolysis and co-hydrothermal carb.nization are the most commonly utilized technologies for this *** characteristics of different b.omass and plastics that have b.en thermochemically converted into b.ochar were *** properties of the resulting b.ochar are affected b. the feedstock composition,pre.treatment and b.ending ratio,the reactor’s configuration,reaction temperature,and the pre.ence of a *** studies found that treating the feedstocks separately resulted in a lower yield of b.ochar than processing them *** b.ochar created b. this procedure has b.en used as a soil additive and as an adsorb.nt for water *** perspectives and suggestions,such as the necessity for some technical advancement,b.ochar’s economic b.nefits,improved government participation,and raised social awareness,were also *** factors have the potential to propel this field of study to great horizons.

关键词： b.omass Co-pyrolysis Plastic Thermochemical process Valorization

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Return of investment and profitab.lity analysis of b.o-fuels production using a modeling approach

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2016年第2期3卷 92-98页

作者： Yangyang Deng pre. b.parajuli Department of Agricultural and b.ological Engineering Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMS 39762United States

The ob.ectives of this study were to evaluate the return of investment and profitab.lity of a b.o-gasification facility using a modeling *** on pre.iminary market analysis,the results determined that the power facilities driven b. b.omass gasifiers could b. profitab.e if they consider the most sensitive cost factors such as lab.r,project investment,and feedstock *** result showed that economic feasib.lity of b.o-gasification facility can significantly affect b. its production capacity and operating modes(one shift,two shifts,or three shifts).The cost analysis modeling approach developed in this study could b. a good approach for economic analysis of b.o-syngas and b.o-fuel *** addition,this study demonstrated a unique modeling approach to analyze return of investment and profitab.lity of b.ofuels production.

关键词： b.o-gasification Modeling Sensitivity analysis Profitab.lity analysis

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Cost analysis model for catalytic conversion of syngas in to light hydrocarb.n gases

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2015年第1期2卷 37-50页

作者： Yangyang Deng pre. b.parajuli Hakkwan Kim Department of Agricultural and b.ological Engineering Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMS 39762United States

b.o-gasification is a new technology and considered as a more efficient way to utilize *** economic feasib.lity b.comes one of the greatest issues when we apply this new *** of economic feasib.lity of a b.o-gasification facility needs b.tter understanding of its production unit cost under different capacities and different working shift *** ob.ective of this study was to evaluate the unit cost of b.ofuel products(Liquid HCs,Light HCs and Oxygenates CxHyOz)under different capacities using a modeling *** cost analysis model was developed using Visual b.sic Microsoft 2008,computer programming language and mathematical *** modeling results showed that the unit costs of b.ofuel product from b.o-gasification facility were significantly affected b. production capacities of *** the facility capacity increased from 65 to 10,000 N m^3 h^-1,the b.ofuel production unit cost of gas(Light HCs),oil(Liquid HCs),and aqueous(Oxygenates CxHyOz)decreased from$38.92 per MMb.U,$30.89 per gallon and$25.74 per gallon to$2.01 per MMb.U,$1.59 per gallon,and$1.33 per gallon,*** results of the sensitivity analysis showed that feedstock cost was the most sensitive cost factor on unit costs for all b.ofuel products at high *** cost analysis model developed in this study could b. used to optimize production unit costs of b.o-fuel products from b.o-gasification facility.

关键词： b.ofuel b.o-gasification Cost analysis model Production capacity Unit cost

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Assessing model parameters sensitivity and uncertainty of streamflow,sediment,and nutrient transport using SWAT

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2019年第1期6卷 61-72页

作者： Ab.ullah O.Dakhlalla pre. b.parajuli Department of Agricultural and b.ological Engineering Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMS 39762United States

The ob.ectives of this study were to(1)simulate streamflow,total sediment(TS),total phosphorus(TP),and total nitrogen(TN)loads;and(2)use the sequential uncertainty fitting(SUFI-2)algorithm to quantify the model parameter sensitivity and uncertainty in simulating streamflow,TS,TP,and TN loads using Soil and Water Assessment(SWAT)model in b.g Sunflower River watershed(b.RW).The model was calib.ated from 1996 to 2003 and validated from 2004 to 2010 for daily streamflow,TS load,TP load,and TN *** model performed well simulating daily streamflow(R^2=0.58-0.75,NSE=0.47-0.75),TS load(R^2=0.50-0.72,NSE=0.47-0.66),and TP load(R^2=0.79-0.82,NSE=0.73-0.77),and the model performance was slightly low for TN load(R^2=0.13-0.31,NSE=0.09 to 0.07).This study determined that parameter uncertainty was greatest for simulating TN load(p-factor=0.48,r-factor=1.25)and that parameter uncertainty was lowest for simulating streamflow(p-factor=0.70-0.78,r-factor=1.18-1.19).Output uncertainty was much greater during peak streamflow and peak pollutant loads compared to periods of low streamflow and low pollutant *** sensitivity analyses found that streamflow was most sensitive to Manning’s roughness coefficient for the main channel(CH_N2),TS load was most sensitive the peak rate adjustment factor for sediment routing in the trib.tary channels(ADJ_PKR),TP load was most sensitive to the Phosphorus enrichment ratio for loading with sediments(ERORGP),and TN load was most sensitive to the denitrification exponential rate coefficient(CDN).Uncertainty was found to b. much greater during peak streamflow and peak pollutant loads compared to periods of low streamflow and low pollutant loads.

关键词： Model parameters Sensitivity Uncertainty SWAT Pollutant loads

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