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An evaluation of the emission profile for two-wheelers at a traffic junction

Particuology 2015年第1期13卷 112-119页

作者： Avinash Kumar Agarwal Prakhar Bothra Tarun gupta Pravesh Chandra Shukla Engine Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur

Two-wheeler vehicles are an important mode of transportation in developing countries. However, the emissions from two-wheeler vehicles are significant. Urban two-wheeler vehicles with gasoline-fueled engines produce NOx and particulate matter emissions that affect urban air quality. During traffic light stops and programmed stops, for instance, pollutants are emitted and are dangerous to human health. In this experimental study, two-wheeler vehicles with different makes, technologies and engine capacities were tested for exhaust emissions including gravimetric and online measurements at different engine speeds and a no load condition at a simulated traffic junction. Gravimetric measurements were performed by collecting the particulate mass （at two engine speeds： 1500 and 2500 rpm） from a diluted engine-out exhaust on quartz filter paper. Next, these collected particulates were used to determine the presence of metals, as well as the benzene soluble organic fraction （BSOF）. The total particulate mass, BSOF and trace elements were slightly higher at a higher engine speed （2500 rpm）. Online measurements were performed by sampling the engine exhaust （at four engine speeds： 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000rpm） and using online instruments to determine the particle number and size distribution, the particle-bound polyaromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）, the gaseous emissions and the smoke opacity. Engines with higher cubic capacity emitted a higher concentration of nano-particles. The particle-bound PAH concentration increased as the engine speed increased, but this concentration was notably low for the highest engine speed tested （3000 rpm）. The regulated gaseous emissions increased as the engine speed increased for all vehicles.

关键词： Benzene soluble organic fraction (BSOF) Particle number and size distribution Trace elements Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Regulated gaseous emissions

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Emission profiling of diesel and gasoline cars at a city traffic junction

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Particuology 2015年第1期13卷 186-193页

作者： Avinash Kumar Agarwal Tarun gupta Prakhar Bothra Pravesh Chandra Shukla Engine Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur

In congested urban roads, cars must stop at intersections because of city traffic lights. As a result, pedestri- ans and traffic police personnel are exposed to pollutants emanating from the tailpipe of various vehicles at such city trafficjunctions. In this study, various gasoline- and diesel-fueled cars complying with differ- ent emission standards were tested for their emissions in simulated city traffic junction conditions. The engine exhaust from these cars was subjected to physicochemical characterization at different engine speeds under no-load conditions. These engine conditions were chosen because the cars idle at differ- ent engine speeds at a city traffic junction. Gravimetric and real-time measurements were performed for the tailpipe exhaust sampled from these vehicles. Exhaust particles were collected on 47 mm diameter quartz filter papers and subjected to gravimetric analysis for determining the total particulate mass （TPM） and trace metals while the engines were operated at two different engine idling speeds, 1500 rpm （representing low idling） and 2500 rpm （representing high idling）. At similar engine operating condi- tions, TPM and trace metals were lower for the exhaust from gasoline engines compared to the exhaust from diesel engines. Real-time measurements were performed for particle-bound poly-aromatic hydro- carbons （PAHs）, particle number and size distribution, regulated gaseous emissions and smoke opacity of the exhaust at four different engine speeds, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 rpm. Particle-bound PAHs showed a decreasing trend for the vehicles that complied with stricter vehicular emission standards. Higher particle peak number concentrations were observed for diesel exhausts compared to the results for gasoline exhaust. Regulated gaseous emissions were also comoared.

关键词： Traffic junctions Traffic stop emissions Particle number emission Particle mass emissions Diesel and gasoline fueled cars

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Reflection of plane waves from a micropolar thermoelastic solid half-space with impedance boundary conditions

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journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2019年第2期4卷 122-131页

作者： Baljeet Singh Anand Kumar Yadav Deepak gupta Department of Mathematics Post Graduate Government CollegeSector 11ChandigarhIndia Department of Mathematics M.M.University MullanaAmbalaIndia

In this paper,the governing equations of linear,isotropic,homogeneous and generalized micropolar thermoelasticity are specialized in a *** governing equations are solved for plane harmonic wave *** separate velocity equations are obtained which indicate the existence of four plane waves with distinct speeds.A problem on reflection of plane waves from a thermally insulated/isothermal surface is considered with impedance boundary *** potentials for incident and reflected waves are formulated which satisfy the boundary conditions at a plane *** between reflection coefficients as well as the expressions of energy ratios for various reflected waves are *** illustration,the reflection coefficients and energy ratios of reflected waves are computed for relevant material parameters of an aluminium-epoxy *** of impedance parameters on all reflected waves is shown graphically at each angle of incidence.

关键词： Micropolar thermoelasticity Impedance boundary Plane waves Reflection coefficients Energy ratios.

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Closed-form solution for shock wave propagation in density-graded cellular material under impact

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Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters 2021年第5期11卷 252-259页

作者： Vijendra gupta Addis Kidane Michael Sutton Department of Mechanical Engineering University of South Carolina300 Main StreetColumbiaSC 29208USA

Density-graded cellular materials have tremendous potential in structural applications where impact resistance is *** materials subjected to high impact loading result in a compaction type deformation,usually modeled using continuum-based shock *** resulting governing differential equation of the shock model is nonlinear,and the density gradient further complicates the *** studies have employed numerical methods to obtain the *** this study,an analytical closed-form solution is proposed to predict the response of density-graded cellular materials subjected to a rigid body *** for the velocity of the impinging rigid body mass,energy absorption capacity of the cellular material,and the incident stress are obtained for a single shock *** results obtained are in excellent agreement with the existing numerical solutions found in the *** proposed analytical solution can be potentially used for parametric studies and for effectively designing graded structures to mitigate impact.

关键词： Functionally graded cellular material Analytical modeling Impact response Closed-form solution Energy absorption Density gradient

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Multi-omics:Powerful accelerator for uncovering plant specialized metabolic pathways:The case of leonurine

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Molecular Plant 2024年第1期17卷 13-15页

作者： Priyanka gupta Anuj Sharma Dinesh A.Nagegowda Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsResearch CentreBengaluru 560065India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Ghaziabad 201002India

As sessile organisms,plants employ a unique adaptive strategy to survive harsh terrestrial environments and defend against or interact with coevolving animals and *** strategy involves expanding their metabolic systems,resulting in the production of plant specialized metabolites(PSMs)or natural ***,PSMs constitute a highly diverse group of compounds based on their common core structure,comprising terpenoids,phenylpropanoids,benzenoids,alkaloids and nitrogen-containing compounds,glucosinolates,indoles and sulfur-containing indole compounds,phenolics,and fatty acid derivatives(Garagounis et al.,2021).

关键词： expanding alkaloids sulfur

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Evaluation of potential landslide damming: Case study of Urni landslide,Kinnaur, Satluj valley, India

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第2期10卷 753-767页

作者： Vipin Kumar Vikram gupta Imlirenla jamir Shovan Lal Chattoraj Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology Indian Institute of Remote Sensing

This work aims to understand the process of potential landslide damming using slope failure mechanism,dam dimension and dam stability evaluation. The Urni landslide, situated on the right bank of the Satluj River, Himachal Pradesh(India) is taken as the case study. The Urni landslide has evolved into a complex landslide in the last two decade(2000-2016) and has dammed the Satluj River partially since year 2013,damaging ～200 m stretch of the National Highway(NH-05). The crown of the landslide exists at an altitude of ～2180-2190 m above msl, close to the Urni village that has a human population of about *** high resolution imagery shows ～50 m long landslide scarp and ～100 m long transverse cracks in the detached mass that implies potential for further slope failure movement. Further analysis shows that the landslide has attained an areal increase of 103,900 ± 1142 m^2 during year 2004-2016. About 86% of this areal increase occurred since year 2013. Abrupt increase in the annual mean rainfall is also observed since the year 2013. The extreme rainfall in the june, 2013; 11 june(～100 mm) and 16 june(～115 mm),are considered to be responsible for the slope failure in the Urni landslide that has partially dammed the river. The finite element modelling(FEM) based slope stability analysis revealed the shear strain in the order of 0.0-0.16 with 0.0-0.6 m total displacement in the detachment zone. Further, kinematic analysis indicated planar and wedge failure condition in the jointed rockmass. The debris flow runout simulation of the detached mass in the landslide showed a velocity of ～25 m/s with a flow height of ～15 m while it(debris flow) reaches the valley floor. Finally, it is also estimated that further slope failure may detach as much as 0.80 ±0.32 million m^3 mass that will completely dam the river to a height of 76±30 m above the river bed.

关键词： Urni landslide Slope stability Rainfall Landslide damming Satluj valley

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Androgen receptor in bladder cancer:A promising therapeutic target

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Asian journal of Urology 2020年第3期7卷 284-290页

作者： Abhishek Tripathi Shilpa gupta Section of Hematology Oncology University of Oklahoma Stephenson Cancer CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer InstituteClevelandOHUSA

There has been a significant progress in the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma in the last few years with the advent of immunotherapy after a long gap of no drug approvals for over 4 *** immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment of urothelial carcinoma,unfortunately,only a minority of patients respond to *** options for patients who do not respond and/or progress on immunotherapy are very limited and overall prognosis remains dismal in metastatic urothelial *** first targeted therapy targeting the fibroblast growth factor receptor(FGFR)was recently approved for bladder cancer,but it is effective only in select patients harboring the FGFR2 and FGFR 3 *** drug conjugates like enfortumab vedotin have shown promising activity in clinical *** of novel targeted therapies remains an area of investigation and an unmet need in bladder *** of androgen receptor(AR)is a potential strategy for targeted drug development in bladder cancer.A significant proportion of urothelial carcinoma patients express AR irrespective of *** signaling in urothelial carcinoma has been linked to progression through multiple mechanisms,including activation of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(EGFR or HER-2)signaling and epithelial to mesenchymal transition(EMT).Furthermore,AR is enriched in the luminal papillary mRNA subtype of urothelial carcinoma and also mediates resistance to cisplatin-based *** evidence suggests that AR inhibition can successfully inhibit urothelial carcinoma growth as monotherapy and is synergistic with cisplatin-based *** review the preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the putative role of AR signaling in urothelial carcinoma pathogenesis,progression and its role as a novel therapeutic target and future directions.

关键词： Androgen receptor Urothelial carcinoma Bladder cancer Targeted therapy Enzalutamide Cisplatin Testosterone

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Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Magnesiume-Hydroxyapatite (MgeHA) Composite Thin Films

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第9期29卷 788-794页

作者： K.Mensah-Darkwa R.K.gupta D.Kumar Engineering Research Center of Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials Department of Mechanical Engineering North Carolina A & T State University Department of Chemistry Pittsburg State University

Magnesium(Mg)-hydroxyapatite(Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2,abbreviated as HA) composite films have been grown on Mg plates using a pulsed laser deposition *** property measurements and analysis have indicated that hardness and Young’s modulus of nMge(100e n)HA composite coatings increase with Mg content in the coatings and reach a maximum at a 70Mge 30HA composition.n and 100e n in the nMge(100e n)HA represent the relative number of laser pulses impinging on Mg and HA targets,*** current potentiodynamic polarization studies have shown that the corrosion of Mg plate(control) decreases with an increase in the HA ratio in the composite *** example,the corrosion current density of Mg plate reduces by w350 times after coating the Mg plate with 10Mge 90HA composite *** reduction in corrosion current density of Mg plates was also accompanied by a positive shift in the corrosion potential(w6%) due to this *** mechanism behind the reduction in corrosion behavior of Mg plates due to nMge(100e n) HA composite coatings has been understood by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

关键词： Magnesium Hydroxyapatite Scanning electron microscopy Pulsed laser deposition Corrosion Impedance spectroscopy

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Effect of Post Heat Treatment on Corrosion Resistance of Phytic Acid Conversion Coated Magnesium

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第2期29卷 180-186页

作者： R.K. gupta K. Mensah-Darkwa D. Kumar Engineering Research Center for Revolutionizing Metallic Biomaterials (ERC-RMB) Department of Mechanical Engineering North Carolina A&T State University 1601 East Market Street Greensboro NC 27411 USA

An environment friendly chemical conversion coating for magnesium was obtained by using a phytic acid solution. The effect of post-coating 1heat treatment on the microstructures and corrosion properties of phytic acid conversion coated magnesium was investigated. It was observed that the microstructure and corrosion resistive properties were improved for the heat treated samples. The corrosion current density for bare magnesium, phytic acid conversion coated magnesium, and post-coating heat treated magnesium was calculated to be 2.48 ×10^-5, 1.18×10^-6, and 9.27 × 10^7 A/cm^2, respectively. The lowest corrosion current density for the heat treated sample indicated its highest corrosion resistive effect for the magnesium. The maximum corrosion protective nature of the heat treated sample was further confirmed by the largest value of impedance in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies.

关键词： Magnesium Phytic acid Corrosion Impedance spectroscopy Scanning electron microscopy

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Synthesis,characterization and application of PVA/ionic liquid mixed matrix membranes for pervaporation dehydration of isopropanol

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Chinese journal of Chemical Engineering 2017年第10期25卷 1402-1411页

作者： Ganesh B.Thorat Smita gupta Z.V.P.Murthy Department of Chemical Engineering Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology Surat 395007 Gujarat India

In this study,polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)–ionic liquid(IL) membranes were prepared for the separation of isopropyl alcohol(IPA)–water azeotropic mixtures by ***-IL composite membranes were prepared by simple solvent evaporation method using four ILs,viz.,1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(BMIMCl),1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(HMIMCl),1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetra fluoroborate(HMIMBF4) and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(OMIMCl).Three ILs were used to study the effect of alkyl chain on the pervaporation *** study had focused on the effect feed water concentration from 10%–40%and effect of feed temperature from 50–80°*** properties of all the membranes were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and contact angle *** Arrhenius activation energies for permeation were estimated to be in the range 4–12 kj·mol-1 from the temperature dependent permeation values.

关键词： Composite membranes Ionic liquids Dehydration Isopropanol Pervaporation

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