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Stepwise evaluation of liver sectors and liver segments by endoscopic ultrasound

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2018年第11期10卷 326-339页

作者： Malay Sharma Piyush Somani Chittapuram Srinivasan Rameshbabu Tagore Sunkara praveer rai Department of Gastroenterology Jaswant Rai Speciality HospitalMeerut 25001Uttar PradeshIndia Department of Gastroenterology Thumbay HospitalDubai 415555United Arab Emirates Department of Anatomy Muzaffarnagar Medical CollegeMuzaffarnagar 251001Uttar PradeshIndia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology the Brooklyn Hospital CenterClinical Affliate of The Mount Sinai HospitalBrooklynNY 11201United States

The liver has eight segments, which are referred to by numbers or by names. The numbering of the segments is done in a counterclockwise manner with the liver being viewed from the inferior surface, starting from Segment Ⅰ(the caudate lobe). Standard anatomical description of the liver segments is available by computed tomographic scan and ultrasonography. Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) has been used for a detailed imaging of many intra-abdominal organs and for the assessment of intra-abdominal vasculature. A stepwise evaluation of the liver segments by EUS has not been described. In this article, we have described a stepwise evaluation of the liver segments by EUS. This information can be useful for planning successful radical surgeries, preparing for biopsy, portal vein embolization, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, tumour resection or partial hepatectomy, and for planning EUS guided diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound Hepatic vein Liver sectors Portal vein Liver segments Caudate lobe Cantlie’s line Falciform ligament Gallbladder

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Imaging of common bile duct by linear endoscopic ultrasound

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2015年第15期7卷 1170-1180页

作者： Malay Sharma Amit Pathak Abid Shoukat Chittapuram Srinivasan Rameshbabu Akash Ajmera Zeeshn Ahamad Wani praveer rai Department of Gastroenterology Jaswant Rai Speciality Hospital Department of Anatomy Muzaffarnagar Medical College Department of Medicine Marshall University Jaswant rai Speciality Hospital Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute

Imaging of common bile duct(CBD) can be done by many techniques. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography is considered the gold standard for imaging of CBD. A standard technique of imaging of CBD by endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) has not been specifically described. The available descriptions mention different stations of imaging from the stomach and duodenum. The CBD lies closest to duodenum and choice of imaging may be restricted to duodenum for many operators. Generally most operators prefer multi station imaging during EUS and the choice of selecting the initial station varies from operator to operator. Detailed evaluation of CBD is frequently the main focus of imaging during EUS and in such situations multi station imaging with a high-resolution ultrasound scanner may provide useful information. Examination of the CBD is one of the primary indications for doing an EUS and it can be done from five stations:(1) the fundus of stomach;(2) body of stomach;(3) duodenal bulb;(4) descending duodenum; and(5) antrum. Following down the upper 1/3rd of CBD can do imaging of entire CBD from the liver window and following up the lower 1/3rd of CBD can do imaging of entire CBD from the pancreatic window. This article aims at simplifying the techniques of imaging of CBD by linear EUS.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound Common bile duct Pancreas Pa

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Petrology and Sr-Nd isotope systematics of the Ahobil kimberlite(Pipe-16)from the Wajrakarur field, Eastern Dharwar craton, southern India

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 1167-1186页

作者： Abhinay Sharma Alok Kumar praveer Pankaj Dinesh Pandit Ramananda Chakrabarti N.V.Chalapathi Rao EPMA and SEM Laboratories Department of Geology Banaras Hindu University Centre for Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Science

Detailed mineralogical, bulk-rock geochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic data for the recently discovered Ahobil kimberlite(Pipe-16) from the Wajrakarur kimberlite field(WKF), Eastern Dharwar craton(EDC),southern India, are presented. Two generations of compositionally distinct olivine, Ti-poor phlogopite showing orangeitic evolutionary trends, spinel displaying magmatic trend-1, abundant perovskite, Tirich hydrogarnet, calcite and serpentine are the various mineral constituents. On the basis of(i) liquidus mineral composition,(ii) bulk-rock chemistry, and(iii) Sr-Nd isotopic composition, we show that Ahobil kimberlite shares several characteristic features of archetypal kimberlites than orangeites and lamproites. Geochemical modelling indicate Ahobil kimberlite magma derivation from small-degree melting of a carbonated peridotite source having higher Gd/Yb and lower La/Sm in contrast to those of orangeites from the Eastern Dharwar and Bastar cratons of Indian shield. The T_(Dm) Nd model age(～2.0 Ga) of the Ahobil kimberlite is(i) significantly older than those(1.5～1.3 Ga) reported for Wajrakarur and Narayanpet kimberlites of EDC,(ii) indistinguishable from those of the Mesoproterozoic EDC lamproites,and(iii) strikingly coincides with the timing of the amalgamation of the Columbia supercontinent. High bulk-rock Fe-Ti contents and wide variation in oxygen fugacity fO_2, as inferred from perovskite oxybarometry, suggest non-prospective nature of the Ahobil kimberlite for diamond.

关键词： Petrology Isotopes Kimberlite Wajrakarur Dharwar craton India

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