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Chronic hepatitis B:Prevent,diagnose,and treat before the point of no return

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第10期16卷 1151-1157页

作者： sudheer Marrapu Ramesh kumar Department of Gastroenterology All India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507India

Hepatitis B remains a significant global health challenge,contributing to substantial morbidity and *** 254 million people world-wide live with Chronic hepatitis B(CHB),with the majority of cases occurring in sub-saharan Africa and the Western Pacific ***,only about 13.4%of the individuals infected with this disease have been diagnosed,and awareness of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection status is as low as 1%in sub-saharan *** 2022,CHB led to 1.1 million deaths *** World Health Organization(WHO)has set a target of eliminating hepatitis B as a public health concern by 2030;however,this goal appears increasingly unattainable due to multiple *** challenges include low vaccination coverage;a large number of undiagnosed cases;a low proportion of patients eligible for treatment under current guidelines;limited access to healthcare;and the costs associated with lifelong *** of HBV can yield significant clinical benefits within a long window of ***,the benefits of therapy are markedly diminished when the disease is detected at the advanced cirrhosis *** editorial aim to highlight the current challenges in hepatitis care and the necessary steps to achieve the WHO's hepatitis elimination goals for 2030.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Hepatitis B virus Cirrhosis Decompensation Hepato-cellular carcinoma

smart tailoring of molecular catalysts:Mounting approach to oxygen reduction reaction

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2024年第1期168卷 169-184页

作者： Anuj kumar Mohd Ubaidullah Guoxin Zhang Jasvinder Kaur saira Ajmal Mudassir Hasan Krishna kumar Yadav Hafiz M.Adeel sharif Ram K.Gupta Ghulam Yasin Nano-Technology Research Laboratory Department of ChemistryGLA UniversityMathuraUttar Pradesh 281406India Department of Chemistry College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh 11451Saudi Arabia Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdaoShandong 266590China Ins.itute for Advanced study Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdong 518060China Department of Chemistry Kansas Polymer Research CenterPittsburg State UniversityPittsburgKS 66762United States Faculty of science and Technology Madhyanchal Professional UniversityRatibadBhopal 462044India Environmental and Atmospheric sciences Research Group Scientific Research CenterAl-Ayen UniversityThi-QarNasiriyah 64001Iraq Department of Chemical Engineering King Khalid University Saudi Arabia Department of Chemistry School of SciencesIFTM UniversityMoradabadUttar Pradesh 244102India Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguan 523808China school of Environment and Civil Engineering Dongguan University of TechnologyDongguanGuangdong 523808China

Efficient electrocatalytic rupture of energy-rich molecules(H_(2)and O_(2))is a green approach for gener-ating clean energy for modern *** this context,porphyry-type molecular electrocatalysts act intelligently toward oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),a fundamental process in fuel cells,due to their redox-rich chemistry,which involves core metal ions and macrocyclic *** concerned scientific community has tried many times to correlate the ORR intermediates with their formation kinetics and simplify the associated multi H+/e-stages during the ORR process,constructing several volcano plots be-tween catalytic Tafel data,turnover frequencies,and overpotentials for many *** the fact that many review articles on molecular electrocatalysts for ORR have been published,understanding the strategic implications and molecular catalyst intelligence towards homogenous ORR has been poorly *** review examined the relationships between volcano plots of current *** parameters and the sabatier principle in order to explain the intelligence of molecular electrocatalysts and approaches for their creation,as well as the difficulties and potential prospects of molecular *** facts distinguish this review from previously published articles and will pique the scien-tific community’s interest in avoiding trial-and-error procedures for catalyst creation while also allowing for more exact evaluations of the molecular catalyst’s performance.

关键词： Electrocatalysis Molecular catalysts Oxygen reduction reaction sabatier principle

Laparoscopic management of remnant gall bladder with stones: Lessons from a tertiary care centre's experience

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic surgery 2024年第1期7卷 27-33页

作者： Gilbert samuel Jebakumar Jeevanandham Muthiah Loganathan Jayapal R.santhosh kumar siddhesh Tasgaonkar K.s.santhosh Anand J.K.A.Jameel sudeepta kumar swain K.J.Raghunath Prasanna kumar Reddy Tirupporur Govindaswamy Balachandar Department of surgical Gastroenterology Apollo HospitalsChennai 600006India Department of General surgery Apollo HospitalsChennai 600006India Department of Minimal Access surgery Apollo HospitalsChennai 600006India

Objective:Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is currently the gold standard for treating symptomatic gallstone *** its success,approximately 10%of patients may experience persistent biliary symptoms,leading to the post-cholecystectomy syndrome.A remnant gallbladder with cystic duct or bile duct stones is one of the causes of this *** objective of this study was to shed light on the clinical manifestations,evaluation,therapeutic strategies,and outcomes associated with laparoscopic management of symptomatic remnant ***:This was a retrospective study,conducted over a five-year period(January 2017 to December 2022)at Apollo Hos.itals in south *** patients who underwent laparoscopic completion cholecystectomy for a remnant gall bladder were *** following data were collected:patient demographics,symptoms,preoperative investigations,intraoperative details and post operative ***:In total,36 patients were included and *** majority of patients were male(25,69.4%),with a mean age of 50.7±12.1 *** most common presentation was pain in the upper abdomen or right upper quadrant region(24,66.7%).The laparoscopic approach was attempted in all patients,with a success rate of 94.4%.Two patients required conversion to open *** fistula to the colon was observed in one *** was observed in 7 patients(19.4%),and stone clearance was successfully achieved using endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in all patients ***:Incomplete gall bladder removal either intentionally or unintentionally leaves a remnant gall bladder that is at risk for stone formation and *** who have this clinical entity with symptoms require a redo or complete cholecystectomy,a complex procedure associated with certain *** study highlights the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic completion cholecystectomy for the management of remnant gallbladder

关键词： Remnant gall bladder stump cholecys.itis subtotal cholecystectomy Laparoscopic completion cholecystectomy

The Determination of Heritability in palatal Rugae Pattern among Parents and their Off-springs in Western India-A Cross-sectional study

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Journal of Forensic science and Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 42-46页

作者： Aishwarya Bhatnagar sugandha Arya Jyothi s kumar Aishwarya Arya Kailash Chandra Morya sudhir Baroopal Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology Vyas Dental College and HospitalJodhpurRajasthanIndia Department of Conservative and Endodontics Vyas Dental College and HospitalJodhpurRajasthanIndia

Background:Palatal rugae are asymmetrical elevations present on hard palate and are significant due to their uniqueness,stability and thus,aid in forensic ***:The objective is to determine palatal rugae morphology between parents and their offsprings and to determine their genetic *** and Methods:This randomized controlled cross-sectional single-blinded study was conducted on 50 families(randomly selected)who visited Vyas Dental College and Hos.ital.A total of 150 maxillary study models were examined and rugae were delineated and shape,size,and pattern of rugae were ***:Weak but significant correlation was seen in the nonspecific and angular type of palatal rugae between child and mother and child and father as Ps seen for curved,wavy,divergent,straight,horseshoe,angular,and nonspecific type of rugae with the higher%of wavy pattern matching(52%with mother and 54%with father).A considerable number of samples showed high heritability of primary and secondary rugae from both parents,but more predominantly to their mothers(branched,nonspecific,and straight).Conclusion:Both environmental and genetic factors can influence the rugae ***,studies should be conducted on a larger sample size to get more significant results.

关键词： Forensic identification heredity palatal rugae uniqueness

MicroRNA-502-3p regulates GABAergic synapse function in hippocampal neurons

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2698-2707页

作者： Bhupender sharma Melissa MTorres sheryl Rodriguez Laxman Gangwani subodh kumar Center of Emphasis in Neuroscience Department of Molecular and Translational MedicinePaul L.Foster School of MedicineTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterEl PasoTXUSA Bond Life sciences Center and Department of Veterinary Pathobiology University of MissouriColumbiaMOUSA L.Frederick Francis Graduate school of Biomedical sciences Texas Tech University Health Sciences CenterEl PasoTXUSA

Gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA)ergic neurons,the most abundant inhibitory neurons in the human brain,have been found to be reduced in many neurological disorders,including Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related *** previous study identified the upregulation of microRNA-502-3p(miR-502-3p)and downregulation of GABA type A receptor subunitα-1 in Alzheimer's disease *** study investigated a new molecular relationship between miR-502-3p and GABAergic synapse *** vitro studies were perfo rmed using the mouse hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 and miR-502-3p agomiRs and *** silico analysis identified multiple binding sites of miR-502-3p at GABA type A receptor subunitα-1 *** assay confirmed that miR-502-3p targets the GABA type A receptor subunitα-1 gene and suppresses the luciferase ***,quantitative reve rse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,miRNA in situ hybridization,immunoblotting,and immunostaining analysis confirmed that overexpression of miR-502-3p reduced the GABA type A receptor subunitα-1 level,while suppression of miR-502-3p increased the level of GABA type A receptor subunitα-1 ***,as a result of the overexpression of miR-502-3p,cell viability was found to be reduced,and the population of necrotic cells was found to be *** whole cell patch-clamp analysis of human-GABA receptor A-α1/β3/γ2L human embryonic kidney(HEK)recombinant cell line also showed that overexpression of miR-502-3p reduced the GABA current and overall GABA function,suggesting a negative correlation between miR-502-3p levels and GABAergic synapse ***,the levels of proteins associated with Alzheimer s disease were high with miR-502-3p overexpression and reduced with miR-502-3p *** present study provides insight into the molecular mechanism of regulation of GABAergic synapses by *** propose that micro-RNA,in particular miR-502-3p,could be a potential the

关键词： Alzheimer's disease GABAergic synapse gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunitα-1(GABRα1) microRNA-502-3p(miR-502-3p) miRNA in situ hybridization Patch-clamp

U-Net Inspired Deep Neural Network-Based smoke Plume Detection in satellite Images

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 779-799页

作者： Ananthakrishnan Balasundaram Ayesha shaik Japmann Kaur Banga Aman kumar singh Centre for Cyber Physical systems Vellore Institute of Technology(VIT)ChennaiTamil Nadu600127India school of Computer science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology(VIT)ChennaiTamil Nadu600127India

Industrial activities, through the human-induced release of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions, have beenidentified as the primary cause of global warming. Accurate and quantitative monitoring of these emissions isessential for a comprehensive understanding of their impact on the Earth’s climate and for effectively enforcingemission regulations at a large scale. This work examines the feasibility of detecting and quantifying industrialsmoke plumes using freely accessible geo-satellite imagery. The existing systemhas so many lagging factors such aslimitations in accuracy, robustness, and efficiency and these factors hinder the effectiveness in supporting timelyresponse to industrial fires. In this work, the utilization of grayscale images is done instead of traditional colorimages for smoke plume detection. The dataset was trained through a ResNet-50 model for classification and aU-Net model for segmentation. The dataset consists of images gathered by European space Agency’s sentinel-2 satellite constellation from a selection of industrial sites. The acquired images predominantly capture scenesof industrial locations, some of which exhibit active smoke plume emissions. The performance of the abovementionedtechniques and models is represented by their accuracy and IOU (Intersection-over-Union) *** images are first trained on the basic RGB images where their respective classification using the ResNet-50model results in an accuracy of 94.4% and segmentation using the U-Net Model with an IOU metric of 0.5 andaccuracy of 94% which leads to the detection of exact patches where the smoke plume has occurred. This work hastrained the classification model on grayscale images achieving a good increase in accuracy of 96.4%.

关键词： smoke plume ResNet-50 U-Net geo satellite images early warning global monitoring

Determining the Checkpoint of Transition from Thin to Thick Periodontal Phenotypes in the Maxillary and Mandibular Anterior Regions of south Indian Population

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Journal of Forensic science and Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 55-61页

作者： Mohan kumar Pasupuleti Rasagna Chowdary G Gautami sPenmetsa Vivek Bypalli Ramesh s.V.Konathala sruthima N.V.s.Gottumukkala Department of Periodontics and Implantology Vishnu Dental CollegeBhimavaramAndhra PradeshIndia2Vishnu Dental CollegeBhimavaramAndhra PradeshIndia

Aim:The aim of this study was to compare and investigate the tissue thickness at the maxillary and mandibular central incisors utilizing the probe visibility method and traditional way of measuring gingival thickness(GT)by endodontic ***:In 200 selected patients,the GT was measured at both the maxillary and mandibular anterior using an endodontic file after local infiltration at the mid-distance from the gingival margin to the mucogingival *** checkpoint of transition from thin to thick periodontal phenotype was determined by probe visibility method in the following age groups:Group A:21-30 years;Group B:31-40 years;Group C:41-50 years;and Group D:51-60 ***:GT varied from 0.3 to 1.9 *** translucency was observed up to the thickness of 0.7 *** 0.8 mm of GT,there was no probe ***:According to the present research,the gingiva appears transparent up to a thickness of around 0.7 *** checkpoint of transition between thin and thick periodontal phenotypes at both the maxillary and mandibular anterior was associated with a GT of 0.8 mm.

关键词： Gingiva periodontal phenotype probe visibility

Artificial Intelligence for Maximizing Agricultural Input Use Efficiency: Exploring Nutrient, Water and Weed Management strategies

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第7期93卷 1569-1598页

作者： sumit sow shivani Ranjan Mahmoud F.seleiman Hiba M.Alkharabsheh Mukesh kumar Navnit kumar smruti Ranjan Padhan Dhirendra kumar Roy Dibyajyoti Nath Harun Gitari Daniel O.Wasonga Department of Agronomy Dr.Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural UniversityPusaSamastipurBihar848125India Department of Plant Production College of Food and Agriculture SciencesKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Saudi Arabia Department of Crop sciences Faculty of AgricultureMenoufia UniversityShibin El-Kom32514Egypt Department of Water Resources and Environmental Management Faculty of Agricultural TechnologyAl Balqa Applied UniversitySalt19117Jordan Division of Agronomy ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstitutePusa CampusNew Delhi110012India Department of soil science Dr.Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural UniversityPusaSamastipurBihar848125India Department of Agricultural science and Technology School of Agriculture and Environmental SciencesKenyatta UniversityNairobi43844Kenya Department of Crop sciences University of Illinois Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

Agriculture plays a crucial role in the economy,and there is an increasing global emphasis on automating agri-cultural *** the tremendous increase in population,the demand for food and employment has also increased signiﬁ*** methods traditionally used to meet these requirements are no longer ade-quate,requiring solutions to issues such as excessive herbicide use and the use of chemical *** of technologies such as the Internet of Things,wireless communication,machine learning,artiﬁcial intelligence(AI),and deep learning shows promise in addressing these ***,there is a lack of comprehensive documentation on the application and potential of AI in improving agricultural input efﬁ*** address this gap,a desk research approach was used by utilizing peer-reviewed electronic databases like PubMed,scopus,Goo-gle scholar,Web of science,and science Direct for relevant *** of 327 initially identiﬁed articles,180 were deemed pertinent,focusing primarily on AI’s potential in enhancing yield through better management of nutrients,water,and *** into account researchﬁndings worldwide,we found that AI technologies could assist farmers by providing recommendations on the optimal nutrients to enhance soil quality and deter-mine the best time for irrigation or herbicide *** present status of AI-driven automation in agricul-ture holds signiﬁcant promise for optimizing agricultural input utilization and reducing resource waste,particularly in the context of three pillars of crop management,i.e.,nutrient,irrigation,and weed management.

关键词： Agriculture artiﬁcial intelligence crop management nutrient irrigation weed management resource use efﬁciency

Erosion Wear Behaviour of Kenaf/Glass Hybrid Polymer Composites

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Journal of Harbin Ins.itute of Technology(New series) 2024年第1期31卷 78-89页

作者： Chandrakanta Mishra Deepak kumar Mohapatra Chitta Ranjan Deo Punyapriya Mishra Kiran kumar Ekka Department of Mechanical Engineering Veer Surendra Sai University of TechnologySambalpur 768018India

The awareness amongst the researchers to develop an environment friendly sustainable material leads to explore new class of plant-based fiber for making composites. Hybridization of such plant-based fiber with inclusion of engineered fiber is one of the promising methods to not only enhanced the mechanical performance but also suppressed the drawbacks that associate with such plant-based fiber to some extent. A usual hand lay-up method was taken-up in this work to fabricate four layered of hybrid kenaf(K)/glass(G)polyester laminates with different stacking order such as KKKK,KGKG,KGGK,GKKG and GGGG. The erosive character of the laminates was examined under three distinct particle velocities(48m/s, 70m/s,82m/s)and four different impact angles(30°, 45°, 60°, 90°). All fabricated laminates exhibited a semiductile character at lower velocities(48m/s and70m/s)as peak wear rate was observed at45° impact angle. However,they showed a semi-brittle character at high velocity(82m/s)as maximum rate of erosion was noticed at60° impact angle. Again,the influence of stacking order of piles on erosion wear was also clearly noticed. Moreover,the semi-brittle/semi-ductile characterization was also evidenced in accordance to the range of erosion efficiencies. The micro-structures of worn surfaces were inspected thoroughly from the images of scanning electron microscope(sEM)to evident the mechanism of erosion.

关键词： hybrid composites erosion wear void micro⁃hardness