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Assessing the role of forest resources in improving rural livelihoods in West Bengal of India

Regional Sustainability 2024年第2期5卷 75-88页

作者： Soumen BISUI pravat kumar shit Research Center for Natural and Applied Science Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women’s College(Autonomous)Vidyasagar UniversityMidnapore721102India Postgraduate Department of Geography Raja Narendra Lal Khan Women’s College(Autonomous)Vidyasagar UniversityMidnapore721102India

Forest resources play a vital role in supporting the livelihoods of rural communities residing in forest-rich *** India,a forest-rich country,a significant proportion of non-timber forest products(NTFPs)is consumed locally,supporting numerous rural communities relying on forests for essential resources,such as firewood,timber,and *** study focuses on two forest-dominant districts in West Bengal of India,namely,Jhargram District and Paschim Medinipur ***,this study aims to enhance the understanding of forest-dependent communities by comparing the standard of living among different village ***,we categorized villages into three classes based on the distance from home to forests,including inner villages,fringe villages,and outer *** focus group discussions and household surveys,we explored the sources of local economy,income sources of household,and reasons for economic diversification in different village *** study findings confirm that substantial variations existed in the income sources and the standard of living in these *** income varied dramatically among the three village classes,with inner villages having greater forest income than fringe villages and outer ***,households in outer villages depended on forests and engaged in diverse economic activities for their *** with inner and fringe villages,households in outer villages derived a significant portion of their income from *** discrepancy can be attributed to challenges,such as inadequate transportation,communication,and underdeveloped market chains in inner ***,these findings emphasize the need to develop sustainable forest management practices,create alternative income-generation opportunities,and improve infrastructure and market access in inner villages,as well as promote economic diversification in outer *** targeted policy measures,these forest-rich regions can achi

关键词： Non-timber forest products(NTFPs) Forest resources Standard of living index Livelihood dependency index Income sources India

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Developments of Rill Networks: An Experimental Plot Scale Study

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第2期5卷 133-141页

作者： pravat kumar shit Gouri Sankar Bhunia Ramkrishna Maiti Department of Geography & Environment Management Vidyasagar University Medinipur India Senior Research Fellow (ICMR) Rajendra Memorial Research Institutes of Medical Sciences (ICMR) Bihar India

Enumerating the relative proportions of soil losses due to rill erosion processes during monsoon and post-monsoon season is a significant factor in predicting total soil losses and sediment transport and deposition. Present study evaluated the rill network with simulated experiment of treatments on varying slope and rainfall intensity to find out the rill erosion processes and sediment discharge in relation to slope and rainfall intensity. Results showed a significant relationship between the rainfall intensity and sediment yield (r = 0.75). Our results illustrated that due to increase in rainfall intensity represent the development of efficient rill network while, no rill was found with a slope of 20° and a rainfall intensity of 60 mm·h-1. The highest rill length was observed in plot E with 20° slope and 120 mm·h-1 rainfall intensity at 360 minutes. Positive and strong correlation (R2 = 0.734, P 0.001) was observed between the cumulative rainfall intensity and sediment discharge. A longitudinal profile was delineated and showed that the depth and numbers of depressions amplified with time and were more prominent for escalating rainfall intensity for its steeper slopes. Information derived from the study could be applied to estimate longer-term erosion stirring over larger areas possessing parallel landforms.

关键词： Rill Network Slope Gradient Rainfall Simulation Sediment Yield

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Assessment of School Infrastructure at Primary and Upper Primary Level: A Geospatial Analysis

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2012年第5期4卷 412-424页

作者： Gouri Sankar Bhunia pravat kumar shit Soumen Dubai Department of Geography & Environment Management Vidyasagar University Medinipur India Office of the Sarva-Siksha-Mission (SSM) Paschim Medinipur India Rajendra Memorial Research Institutes of Medical Sciences (ICMR) Bihar India

With the introduction of powerful and high-speed personal computers, proficient techniques for infrastructure development and management have advanced, of which Geoinformatics technology is of great significance. An attempt has been made for broad mapping and analysis of existing infrastructures in the context of planning scheme in Paschim Medinipur district, and to delineate the development zones of educational infrastructure facilities. The thematic layers considered in this study are infrastructure accessibility, type and condition of classroom and number of classroom allocated for the educational system at primary and upper primary level. Moran’s I statistics was used to estimate the spatial distribution of elementary infrastructure across the district. All these themes and their individual features were then assigned weights according to their relative importance in educational development and corresponding normalized weights were obtained based on the Saaty’s analytical hierarchy process. The thematic layers were finally integrated in GIS software based on multi-criteria approach to yield educational development infrastructure index. Moran’s I statistics shows girl’s toilet, electric and boundary wall facility within the district are clustered in pattern at primary level. At the upper primary level, only electric and computer facilities shows the clustered distribution across the district. However, four different zones have been delineated, namely ‘very good’, ‘good’, ‘moderate’ and ‘poor’. The block covered by very good elementary educational infrastructure facility is Daspur –I and Dantan –II at primary level and Keshiary block at upper primary level in Paschim Medinipur district. Finally, it is concluded that the Geoinformatics technology is very efficient and useful for the identification of infrastructure development.

关键词： Educational Infrastructure Spatial Auto-Correlation Saaty’s Analytical Hierarchy Process Multi-Criteria Approach

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Assessment of Factors Affecting Ephemeral Gully Development in Badland Topography: A Case Study at Garbheta Badland (Pashchim Medinipur,

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International Journal of Geosciences 2013年第2期4卷 461-470页

作者： pravat kumar shit Gouri Sankar Bhunia Ramkrishna Maiti Department of Geography & Environment Management Vidyasagar University Medinipur India Rajendra Memorial Research Institutes of Medical Sciences (ICMR) Patna Bihar India

Gully erosion in the Paschim Medinipur district of West Bengal, Indiahas been an issue of anxiety, formed by the amputation of soil from narrow channels through the accretion of surface runoff. Here, we attempted to investigate the erosion variability of gully in a micro catchment area, and also scrutinized the gully cross-sectional areas as distinct components of gully volumes. Twelve gullies were randomly selected in different slopes. To determine the geometric growth of the gully dimensions and soil loss, the initial length of gully, the width of the gully and depth of respective gullies was monitored in different seasons. Univariate analysis was conducted to measure the association between gully head retreat and vegetation coverage, slope, rainfall volume and runoff contributing area. We found strong and significant relation between the slope of gully head and linear retreat in the pre monsoon (p 0.008) and post monsoon (p 0.024) season respectively. Conversely, rainfall volume and gully head retreat showed a strong relationship in the pre monsoon (r = 0.80), monsoon (r = 0.66) and post-monsoon period (r = 0.94);while meager relationship was observed with rainfall intensity (r = 0.06). Results also illustrated that the overall retreat of gully head had very strong and positive relationship with the runoff contributing area (r = 0.89, p 0.001), and maximum gully erosion was observed in the monsoon period (55.67%). These results indicate that slope, rainfall and runoff contributing area have a strong positive influence on gully erosion in Paschim Medinipur district, since the initiation of the gully.

关键词： Gully Erosion Gully Heads Rainfall Runoff Contributing Area Sediment Yield

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Electro-magnetohydrodynamic Flow of Biofluid Induced by Peristaltic Wave： A Non-newtonian Model

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2016年第3期13卷 436-448页

作者： Gopal Chandra shit Nayan kumar Ranjit Aniruddha Sinha Department of Mathematics Jadavpur University Kolkata - 700032 India Yogoda Satsanga Palpara Mahavidyalaya Purba Medinipur - 721458 India

This article aims to develop a mathematical model for peristaltic transport of magnetohydrodynamic flow of biofluids through a micro-channel with rhythmically contracting and expanding walls under the influence of an applied electric field. The couple stress fluid model is considered to represent the non-Newtonian characteristics ofbiofluids. The velocity slip condition at the channel walls is taken into account because of the hyclrophilic/hydrophobic interaction with negatively charged walls. The essential features of the electromagnetohydrodynamic flow of biofluid through micro-channels are clearly highlighted in the variations of the non-dimensional parameters of the physical quantities of interest such as the velocity, wall shear stress, pressure gradient, pressure rise per wave length, frictional force at the channel walls and the distribution of stream function. It reveals that the flow ofhiofluid is appreciably influenced by the sufficient strength of externally applied magnetic field and electro-osmotic parameter. The velocity slip condition reduces the frictional force at the channel wall. Moreover, the formation of the trapping bolus strongly depends on electro-osmotic parameter and magnetic field strength.

关键词： peristaltic transport couple stress fluid magnetohydrodynamics electro-osmosis

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Topical delivery of acetazolamide by encapsulating in mucoadhesive nanoparticles

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017年第6期12卷 550-557页

作者： Satish Manchanda pravat kumar Sahoo Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR)

The intent of this study was to provide topical delivery of acetazolamide by preparing chitosan-STPP (sodium tripolyphosphate) nanoparticles of acetazolamide and evaluate the particle size, zeta potential, drug entrapment, particle morphology;in vitro drug release and in vivo efficacy. The particles showed sustained in vitro drug release which followed the Higuchi kinetic model. The results indicate that the nanoparticles released the drug by a combination of dissolution and diffusion. The optimised formulation was having particle size 188.46 ± 8.53 nm and zeta potential + 36.86 ± 0.70 mV. The particles were spherical with a polydispersity index of 0.22 ± 0.00. Powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry indicated diminished crystallinity of drug in the nanoparticle formulation. In the in vitro permeation study, the nanoparticle formulation showed elevated permeation as compared to that of drug solution with negative signs of corneal damage. In vitro mucoadhesion studies showed 90.34 ± 1.12% mucoadhesion. The in vivo studies involving ocular hypotensive activity in rabbits revealed significantly higher hypotensive activity (P < 0.05) as compared with plain drug solution with no signs of ocular irritation. The stability studies revealed that formulation was quite stable.

关键词： Acetazolamide Chitosan STPP Ocular hypertension Mucoadhesion

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Load shedding strategy coordinated with storage device and D-STATCOM to enhance the microgrid stability

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2019年第1期4卷 262-280页

作者： Sheetal Chandak Pritam Bhowmik pravat kumar Rout Electrical Engineering Department Siksha‘O’Anusandhan UniversityBhubaneswar751030India Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department Siksha‘O’Anusandhan UniversityBhubaneswar751030India

Recently microgrids have drawn a potential attraction by fulfilling the environmental demands and the increasing energy demands of the end-users. It is necessary to focus on various protection and control aspects of a microgrid. During the transition between the grid-following and grid-forming modes, the voltage and the frequency instability due to the power mismatch condition becomes the major point of concern. Therefore, the paper executes a frequency-active power and voltage-reactive power drooping control strategy for the precise power-sharing among the distributed power generators. Furthermore, to handle the power deficit scenarios and to maintain the system stability, a system independent and priority-based adaptive three-stage load shedding strategy is proposed. The sensitivity of the strategy depends on the system inertia and is computed according to the varying absolute rate-of-change-of-frequency. The strategy incorporates the operation of battery storage system and distributed static compensator (D-STATCOM) in the microgrid, to provide a reliable power supply to the customers for a considerable time instead of a sudden load shedding. The effectiveness of the proposed strategies is investigated on a scaled-down modified IEEE 13-bus microgrid system on the podium of MATLAB 2015b through the time-domain simulation.

关键词： Microgrid Power-sharing Load shedding High inertia distributed generators Inertia-less distributed generators Battery storage system D-STATCOM

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Forecasting Global Solar Insolation Using the Ensemble Kalman Filter Based Clearness Index Model

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2022年第4期8卷 1087-1096页

作者： pravat kumar Ray Bidyadhar Subudhi Ghanim Putrus Mousa Marzband Zunaib Ali Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology RourkelaRourkela-769008India School of Electrical Sciences Indian Institute of Technology GoaGoa 403401India Department of Maths Physics and Electrical EngineeringNorthumbria UniversityUK

This paper describes a novel approach in developing a model for forecasting of global insolation on a horizontal *** the proposed forecasting model,constraints,such as latitude and whole precipitable water content in vertical column of that location,are *** parameters can be easily measurable with a global positioning system(GPS).The earlier model was developed by using the above datasets generated from different locations in *** model has been verified by calculating theoretical global insolation for different sites covering east,west,north,south and the central region with the measured values from the same *** model has also been validated on a region,from which data was not used during the development of the *** the model,clearness index coefficients(KT)are updated using the ensemble Kalman filter(EnKF)*** forecasting efficacies using the KT model and EnKF algorithm have also been verified by comparing two popular algorithms,namely the recursive least square(RLS)and Kalman filter(KF)*** minimum mean absolute percentage error(MAPE),mean square error(MSE)and correlation coefficient(R)value obtained in global solar insolation estimations using EnKF in one of the locations are 2.4%,0.0285 and 0.9866 respectively.

关键词： Clearness index ensemble Kalman filter extra-terrestrial irradiance forecasting global solar insolation

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A Combined Reinforcement Learning and Sliding Mode Control Scheme for Grid Integration of a PV System

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2019年第4期5卷 498-506页

作者： Aurobinda Bag Bidyadhar Subudhi pravat kumar Ray Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of TechnologyRourkela-769008 School of Electrical Sciences Indian Institute of Technology GoaPonda-403401

The paper presents development of a reinforcement learning(RL)and sliding mode control(SMC)algorithm for a 3-phase PV system integrated to a *** PV system is integrated to grid through a voltage source inverter(VSI),in which PVVSI combination supplies active power and compensates reactive power of the local non-linear load connected to the point of common coupling(PCC).For extraction of maximum power from the PV panel,we develop a RL based maximum power point tracking(MPPT)*** instantaneous power theory(IPT)is adopted for generation reference inverter current(RIC).An SMC algorithm has been developed for injecting current to the local non-linear load at a reference *** RL-SMC scheme is implemented in both simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK software and on a prototype PV *** performance of the proposed RL-SMC scheme is compared with that of fuzzy logic-sliding mode control(FL-SMC)and incremental conductance-sliding mode control(IC-SMC)*** the obtained results,it is observed that the proposed RL-SMC scheme provides better maximum power extraction and active power control than the FL-SMC and IC-SMC schemes.

关键词： Fuzzy logic incremental conductance instantaneous power theory reinforcement learning sliding mode controller

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Single-source Switched-capacitor Boost Nine-level Inverter with Reduced Components

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2023年第5期9卷 1688-1697页

作者： Kaibalya Prasad Panda R.T.Naayagi pravat kumar Ray Gayadhar Panda the Department of Electrical Engineering Pandit Deendayal Energy UniversityGandhinagar 382007India the School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Newcastle University International Singapore567739Singapore the Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology RourkelaRourkela 769008India the Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology MeghalayaShillong 793003India

Increasing demands for improvement in power quality and power capacity have contributed to development of switched-capacitor multilevel inverters(SCMLIs).Recently developed SCMLIs enable single-stage voltage boosting,as well as inversion resulting in step-up ac *** reduction in number of components,this paper introduces a boost type singlesource nine-level(9-level)SCMLI employing two capacitors and three *** to the series-parallel connection process,capacitor voltages are inherently balanced and assist in quadruple voltage boosting from a *** voltage stress across semiconductor devices is limited to twice input voltage *** a minimum number of components,the proposed SCMLI can be extended to increase voltage levels without additional dc *** extension module adds two additional voltage steps in the output while maintaining maximum voltage stress the same as 9-level *** by in-depth analysis of circuit operation and power losses,a thorough comparison of recently developed single-phase 9-level MLIs is carried out,which verifies design *** simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the prominent features of the 9-level SCMLI under dynamic operating conditions.

关键词： Multilevel inverter reduced components,self-voltage balance single-source switched-capacitor voltage gain

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