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Recent developments in pathogenesis,diagnosis and therapy of Barrett's esophagus

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2015年第21期21卷 6479-6490页

作者： Magnus Halland David Katzka prasad g iyer Division of gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic RochesterMN 55905United States

The burden of illness from esophageal adenocarcinoma continues to rise in the Western world,and overall prognosis is *** that Barrett's esophagus(BE),a metaplastic change in the esophageal lining is a known cancer precursor,an opportunity to decreasedisease development by screening and surveillance might *** review examines recent updates in the pathogenesis of BE and comprehensively discusses known risk *** definitions and challenges are outlined,coupled with an in-depth review of *** challenges and potential solutions related to screening and surveillance are *** effectiveness of currently available endoscopic treatment techniques,particularly with regards to recurrence following successful endotherapy and potential chemopreventative agents are also *** field of BE is rapidly evolving and improved understanding of pathophysiology,combined with emerging methods for screening and surveillance offer hope for future disease burden reduction.

关键词： Barrett's esophagus gastroesophagealreflux disease Esophageal cancer Esophagus

Assessment of the diagnostic performance and interobserver variability of endocytoscopy in Barrett's esophagus:A pilot ex-vivo study

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2013年第46期19卷 8652-8658页

作者： Yutaka Tomizawa prasad g iyer Louis M Wongkeesong Navtej S Buttar Lori S Lutzke Tsung-Teh Wu Kenneth K Wang Barrett’s Esophagus Unit Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Rochester Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic Rochester

AIM: To investigate a classification of endocytoscopy (ECS) images in Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and evaluate its diagnostic performance and interobserver variability.

关键词： Endocytoscopy, Barrett’ s esophagus, Dysplasia, Esophageal adenocarcinoma, Interobserver agreement

Miniature gastrointestinal endoscopy: Now and the future

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2019年第30期25卷 4051-4060页

作者： John J Mcgoran Mark E McAlindon prasad g iyer Eric J Seibel Rehan Haidry Laurence B Lovat Sarmed S Sami Digestive Diseases Centre Leicester Royal InfirmaryLeicester LE1 5WWUnited Kingdom Department of gastroenterology Royal Hallamshire HospitalSheffield S10 2JFUnited Kingdom Division of gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic RochesterMN 55905United States Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Washington4000 Mason StSeattleWA 98195United States Division of Surgery and Interventional Science University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

Since its original application,gastrointestinal(gI)endoscopy has undergone many innovative transformations aimed at expanding the scope,safety,accuracy,acceptability and cost-effectiveness of this area of clinical *** method of achieving this has been to reduce the caliber of endoscopic *** propose the collective term“Miniature gI Endoscopy”.In this Opinion Review,the innovations in this field are explored and *** progress and clinical use of the three main areas of miniature gI endoscopy(ultrathin endoscopy,wireless endoscopy and scanning fiber endoscopy)are *** opportunities presented by these technologies are set out in a clinical context,as are their current *** of the positive aspects of miniature endoscopy are clear,in that smaller devices provide access to potentially all of the alimentary canal,while conferring high patient *** must be balanced with the costs of new technologies and recognition of device specific *** on future application are also considered and the efforts being made to bring new innovations to a clinical platform are *** devices demonstrate that miniature gI endoscopy has a valuable place in investigation of symptoms,therapeutic intervention and *** technologies give promise that the potential for enhancing the investigation and management of gI complaints is significant.

关键词： Ultrathin endoscopy Capsule endoscopy Single fiber endoscopy

EUS FNA of Altered Left Adrenal gland Morphology Suggests Amending CT and PET-CT Attenuation Threshold Values That Predict Malignancy

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2012年第6期3卷 1029-1036页

作者： Ferga C. gleeson Allison J. Clapp Robert C. Murphy Jonathan E. Clain prasad g. iyer Elizabeth Rajan Mark D. Topazian Kenneth K. Wang Michael J. Levy Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester USA Division of gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Rochester USA

Introduction: In the setting of an extra-adrenal malignancy, it is a recognized clinical challenge to try and distinguish a benign adrenal mass from a metastatic deposit. Current non-invasive diagnostic tools for adrenal gland evaluation include CT, MRI, PET and PET-CT. Diagnostic interpretative error can occur as evaluations rarely have complete cytologic or histologic correlation for concordance purposes. Aims: To establish the performance characteristics of non-contrast CT attenuation values (Hounsfield units-HU) and the optimal PET-CT maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) for predicting adrenal malignancy when correlated with adrenal gland endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration (EUS FNA) cytology results. Methods: A prospectively maintained EUS database was reviewed to identify consecutive patients who underwent a left adrenal gland FNA. Non-contrast CT attenuation values and SUVmax scores were calculated. EUS FNA cytology results were used as the reference standard for determining the presence of benign versus malignant adrenal gland status. Results: Sixty-two patients (69 ± 11 years) underwent adrenal EUS FNA, 34 (54.8%) of whom had a clinically suspected or established extra-adrenal malignancy. Non-invasive imaging was suggestive of abnormal adrenal morphology or altered PET-CT FDg activity in 45 (72.6%) patients. Elevated attenuation values (≥10 HU) by non-enhanced CT had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 34.6%, respectively. The SUVmax for malignant altered morphology was significantly higher than that for benign lesions [(8.5 ± 3.1 vs 3.3 ± 0.7;(p = 0.0001)]. ROC curve analysis indicated that an optimum cutoff SUVmax of ≥4.1 (AUC 0.92) yielded the best power distinction for malignancy with a sensitivity and specificity of 89% and 100%. Conclusion: When evaluating altered adrenal morphology by non-invasive methods, the performance characteristics of elevated CT attenuation values are suboptimal. But by adopting a SUVmax cut-off value of ≥4.1

关键词： Altered Adrenal Morphology Endoscopic Ultrasound Fine Needle Aspiration Unenhanced CT Attenuation Value PET Standardized Uptake Value

Petrographical and mineral chemistry evidence to delineate the source/sources of the Central Indian Ocean Basin pumices

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2023年第5期42卷 102-116页

作者： Niyati g.Kalangutkar Sridhar D.iyer School of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesGoa UniversityTaleigao PlateauGoa 403206India Formerly with CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography Dona PaulaGoa 403004India

We present data pertaining to mineral assemblages and composition of the Central Indian Ocean Basin(CIOB)*** groups of pumices were identified considering the presence of phenocrysts of plagioclase,clinopyroxene,orthopyroxene,hornblende and biotite together with the occurrence of quartz and ***,fayalite and ulvospinelare reported for the first time from these *** the eight groups,the modal percentage of the constituents are phenocrysts 3%to 19%(avg 9.6%),silicic glass 33%to 54%(avg 43%)and the rest is *** on the above factors we have identified the possible sources of the CIOB *** mineral compositions of plagioclase,pyroxenes,and biotite of the CIOB pumices were compared with those of Krakatau and *** of the plagioclase and pyroxene compositions resemble the Haranggoal Dacite Tuff of Toba and *** the mineral assemblages and compositions,there are pumices which do not correlate to any of the above eruptions and are probably from yet unidentified source/*** sources could either be from nearby terrestrial volcanoes or intraplate seamounts present in the *** a global context,it is viable that petrological characteristics could be used as initial criteria to determine the source of pumices that occur at abyssal depths in the world ocean.

关键词： CIOB pumice petrography mineral chemistry Indonesian Arc intraplate volcanism

Physical Properties,Morphology and Petrological Characteristics of Pumices from the Central Indian Ocean Basin

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Acta geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2011年第4期85卷 826-839页

作者： Niyati g.KALANgUTKAR Sridhar D.iyer Dandaydayudapani ILANgOVAN National Institute of Oceanography(Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) Dona PaulaGoa 403 004India

About 400 pumice clasts collected from the Central Indian Ocean Basin（CIOB）were studied for their morphology and were classified based on their shape and size.A majority of the samples range between1 cm and 36 cm and in the Zinggs shape diagram plot in the equant and oblate *** Corey Shape Factor for most of the samples is close to 0.7,which is common for volcaniclastic material. The physical properties such as density,specific gravity,void ratio,porosity,moisture content and degree of saturation,were determined for 30 pumice *** varies from 0.21 to 0.74 g/cm^3 specific gravity 1.84 to 3.27,void ratio 2.21 to 10.67,porosity 67%to 91%,moisture content during sinking 0.44 to 2.35 and degree of saturation varies from 26.5%to 86%.Binocular and electron microscopy studies reveal that 60%of the vesicles are elongated,30%are spherical and 10%are *** of the pumices exhibits vitrophyric texture with phenocrysts of feldspars and clinopyroxenes.X-ray diffractrogram and mineral analyses confirm plagioclase to be a major phase, while quartz and orthoclase are not *** is commonly present in the ferromanganese oxide coating present over some of the *** paper also delves into some details concerning the controversial origin of the pumices and glass shards in the CIOB.

关键词： pumice physical properties submarine Central Indian Ocean Basin

3D integration review

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2011年第5期54卷 1012-1025页

作者： FAROOQ Mukta g. iyer Subramanian S. IBM Corporation Semiconductor Research & Development Center Hopewell Junction NY 12533 USA

3-D integration delivers value by increasing the volumetric transistor density with the potential benefit of shorter electrical path lengths through use of the shorter third dimension. Several researchers have studied various aspect of 3Di such as bonding level, through silicon via processes and integration, thermomechanical reliability of the vias, and the impact of the vias on devices. In this paper, we review some of the literature with a view to understanding the key options and challenges in 3Di. We also discuss some important applications of this technology, and the constraints that have to be overcome to make it work.

关键词： 3D integration embedded memory through silicon via die stacking

Anaerobic tapered fluidized bed reactor for starch wastewater treatment and modeling using multilayer perceptron neural network

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第12期19卷 1416-1423页

作者： RANgASAMY Parthiban PVR iyer gANESAN Sekaran Department of Chemical Engineering Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering Sriperumbudur 602 105TamilnaduIndia. Department of Environmental Technology Central Leather Research Institute Chennai 600 025TamilnaduIndia

treatability of synthetic sago wastewater was investigated in a laboratory anaerobic tapered fluidized bed reactor （ATFBR） with a mesoporous granular activated carbon （gAC） as a support material. The experimental protocol was defined to examine the effect of the maximum organic loading rate （OLR）, hydraulic retention time （HRT）, the efficiency of the reactor and to report on its steady- state performance. The reactor was subjected to a steady-state operation over a range of OLR up to 85.44 kg COD/（m^3·d）. The COD removal efficiency was found to be 92% in the reactor while the biogas produced in the digester reached 25.38 m^3/（m^3·d） of the reactor. With the increase of OLR from 83.7 kg COD/（m^3·d）, the COD removal efficiency decreased. Also an artificial neural network （ANN） model using multilayer perceptron （MLP） has been developed for a system of two input variable and five output dependent variables. For the training of the input-output data, the experimental values obtained have been used. The output parameters predicted have been found to be much closer to the corresponding experimental ones and the model was validated for 30% of the untrained data. The mean square error （MSE） was found to be only 0.0146.

关键词： anaerobic digestion tapered fluidized bed reactor organic loading rate biogas mesoporous granular activated carbon,modeling artificial neural network

Data Centric Design:A New Approach to Design of Microstructural Material Systems

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Engineering 2022年第3期8卷 89-98页

作者： Wei Chen Akshay iyer Ramin Bostanabad Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern UniversityEvanstonIL 60208USA Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA

Building processing,structure,and property(PSP)relations for computational materials design is at the heart of the Materials genome Initiative in the era of high-throughput computational materials *** technological advancements in data acquisition and storage,microstructure characterization and reconstruction(MCR),machine learning(ML),materials modeling and simulation,data processing,manufacturing,and experimentation have significantly advanced researchers’abilities in building PSP relations and inverse material *** this article,we examine these advancements from the perspective of design *** particular,we introduce a data-centric approach whose fundamental aspects fall into three categories:design representation,design evaluation,and design *** in each of these aspects are guided by and benefit from domain ***,for each aspect,we present a wide range of computational methods whose integration realizes data-centric materials discovery and design.

关键词： Materials informatics Machine learning Microstructure Reconstruction Bayesian optimization Mixed-variable modeling Dimension reduction Materials design