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Factors associated with crash severities in built-up areas along rural highways of Nevada:A case study of 11 towns

Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2017年第1期4卷 96-102页

作者： pramen p.shrestha K.Joseph shrestha Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction University of Nevada Las VegasLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Engineering Technology Surveyingand Digital MediaEast Tennessee State UniversityJohnson CityTN 37614USA

In 2014, 32,675 deaths were recorded in vehicle crashes within the United States. Out of these, 51% of the fatalities occurred in rural highways compared to 49% in urban highways. No specific crash data are available for the built-up areas along rural highways. Due to high fatalities in rural highways, it is important to identify the factors that cause the vehicle crashes. The main objective of this study is to determine the factors associated with se- verities of crashes that occurred in built-up areas along the rural highways of Nevada. Those factors could aid in making informed decisions while setting up speed zones in these built-up areas. Using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model, 337 crashes that occurred in 11 towns along the rural highways from 2002 to 2010 were analyzed. The results showed that more crashes occurred during favorable driving conditions, e.g., 87% crashes on dry roads and 70% crashes in clear weather. The binary logistic regression model showed that crashes occurred from midnight until 4 a.m. were 58.3% likely to be injury crashes rather than property damage only crashes, when other factors were kept at their mean values. Crashes on weekdays were three times more likely to be injury crashes than that occurred on weekends. When other factors were kept at their mean value, crashes involving motorcycles had an 80.2% probability of being injury crashes. Speeding was found to be 17 times more responsible for injury crashes than mechanical defects of the vehicle. As a result of this study, the Nevada Department of Transportation now can take various steps to improve public safety, including steps to reduce speeding and encourage the use of helmets for motorcycle riders.

关键词： Speed-zone guideline Crash severity Binary logistic regression model Rural highway Nevada department of transportation

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Comprehensive framework for speed-zone guidelines

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2016年第4期3卷 352-363页

作者： K.Joseph shrestha pramen p.shrestha Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction University of Nevada Las Vegas Department of Civil Construction and Environmental EngineeringIowa State University

Speeding is often considered as one of the major reasons of traffic crashes. As a result, State Departments of Transportations （DOTs） receive requests from communities to decrease speed limits in towns along rural highways. Such requests, coupled with the lack of proper manuals, have forced state DOTs to reduce the speed limits. A proper speed-zone manual is required to establish consistent speed zones across a state. This paper reviewed the literature on speed, crashes, enforcement techniques, and speed-zone manuals. A nationwide survey was conducted to identify various factors affecting the decisions of speed zones establishing. This paper identified best practices based on the literature review and expert opinions, and proposed a comprehensive framework for a speed-zone manual. The Nevada DOT traffic engineers were also interviewed during this research to incorpo- rate their opinions in the framework. The framework provided in this paper has six phases. They are; 1） speed-zone identification; 2） speed-limit determination; 3） transition-zone detailed design; 4） speed-zone approval; 5） speed-limit enforcement; and 6） follow-up study. Relevant studies, and manuals corresponding to each phases were presented in this paper. This framework is useful for NDOT, other state DOTs within the U.S., and transportation agencies worldwide that haven＇t had speed zone manuals currently to develop a proper speed-zone manual.

关键词： Speed zone guidelineSpeed limit guidelineRealistic speed limitTraffic safetyNevada Department ofTransportation

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Carbon Dioxide Emissions by the Transportation Sector and Its Impact on Health in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2017年第2期11卷 184-193页

作者： Kishor shrestha pramen p. shrestha Geeta shrestha General Engineering Department Montana Tech of the University of Montana Montana 59701 USA Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Department University of Nevada Las Vegas Nevada 89154 USA Human Rights Officer National Human Rights Commission Harihar Bhawan Lalitpur Nepal

Air pollution is one of the leading cause of death for underdeveloped as well as developed countries. In 2011, the air pollution was the second leading cause of death in one of the main hospitals of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, and it was the third leading cause in the United States. Burning fossil fuels for transportation was one of the major causes. Among various impacts of the air pollution, COpD （chronic obstructive pulmonary disease） was one of the main consequences. In the 570 km2 Kathmandu Valley, vehicle registration was increased from 45,871 in 1990/1991 to 570,145 in 2010/2011, an increase of over 12-fold over 20 years. The vehicle registration and number of COpD patients＇ data were collected from various government divisions. In addition, the average daily travel distance and fuel mileage data were collected with a survey with residents of the Kathmandu Valley. This paper calculates the amount of carbon dioxide （CO2） emissions by transportation sector and determines correlation between CO2 emissions and COpD patients. Results show that there was a very high level of CO2 emissions, and it was positively correlated with the number of COpD patients in the valley.

关键词： Carbon dioxide emissions health impact Kathmandu.

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Comparative Study of Information Technology Use by Architects, Engineers and Contractors

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2011年第5期5卷 375-388页

作者： pramen p. shrestha David R. Shields Dozie A. Oparaugo Nipesh pradhananga Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Howard R. Hughes College of Engineering University of Nevada Las Vegas 89014 USA School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta 30332-0355 USA

The use of information technology （IT） in construction is expanding rapidly. More and more architecture, engineering, and construction companies are adopting new technologies in software design to help accelerate and accurately carry out their functions. Based on a research study carried out in Southern Nevada with a questionnaire survey of 54 construction-related firms, this study aims to compare the types and extent of IT use by architects, engineers, and contractors. It also explores the level of IT skills possessed by professionals working in the industry. The study found that architects mostly used design software whereas engineers and contractors used scheduling and estimating software. All of the respondents believed that IT helped to improve their work productivity. The majority of the respondents thought that IT is useful for Construction Management （CM） students： engineers and architects thought that CM students should take more scheduling and estimating software courses and contractors thought that they should take more scheduling and quantity take-off software courses.

关键词： Information technology contractor engineers architecture construction management.

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