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Explainable Artificial Intelligence(XAI)Model for Cancer Image Classification

Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第10期141卷 401-441页

作者： Amit singhal Krishna Kant Agrawal Angeles Quezada Adrian Rodriguez Aguiñaga Samantha Jiménez Satya prakash Yadav Department of Computer Science&Engineering Raj Kumar Goel Institute of TechnologyGhaziabad201017India Department of School of Computing Science and Engineering Galgotias UniversityGreater Noida203201India Tecnológico Nacional de México Campus Tijuana Baja California22414México Universidad Autónoma de Baja California TijuanaBaja California22414México Department of Computer Science and Engineering G.LBajaj Institute of Technology and Management(GLBITM)Affiliated to Dr.A.P.J.Abdul Kalam Technical UniversityLucknow201306India School of Computer Science Engineering and Technology(SCSET) Bennett UniversityGreater Noida201310India

The use of Explainable Artificial Intelligence(XAI)models becomes increasingly important for making decisions in smart healthcare *** is to make sure that decisions are based on trustworthy algorithms and that healthcare workers understand the decisions made by these *** models can potentially enhance interpretability and explainability in decision-making processes that rely on artificial ***,the intricate nature of the healthcare field necessitates the utilization of sophisticated models to classify cancer *** research presents an advanced investigation of XAI models to classify cancer *** describes the different levels of explainability and interpretability associated with XAI models and the challenges faced in deploying them in healthcare *** addition,this study proposes a novel framework for cancer image classification that incorporates XAI models with deep learning and advanced medical imaging *** proposed model integrates several techniques,including end-to-end explainable evaluation,rule-based explanation,and useradaptive *** proposed XAI reaches 97.72%accuracy,90.72%precision,93.72%recall,96.72%F1-score,9.55%FDR,9.66%FOR,and 91.18%*** will discuss the potential applications of the proposed XAI models in the smart healthcare *** will help ensure trust and accountability in AI-based decisions,which is essential for achieving a safe and reliable smart healthcare environment.

关键词： Explainable artificial intelligence artificial intelligence XAI healthcare cancer image classification

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Incidence of exclusive extrapelvic skeletal metastasis in prostate carcinoma on bone scintigraphy

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World Journal of Radiology 2024年第7期16卷 265-273页

作者： Parneet singh Kanhaiyalal Agrawal Ashique Rahman Tejasvini singhal Girish kumar Parida Gopinath Gnanasegaran Department of Nuclear Medicine All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhubaneshwar 751019OdishaIndia Department of Nuclear Medicine Royal Free HospitalLondon NW32QGUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Bone is one of the common sites of metastasis from prostate *** scintigraphy(BS)is one of the most sensitive imaging modalities currently used for bone metastatic *** metastasis in prostate carcinoma commonly involves pelvic bones but rarely involves extrapelvic-extraspinal *** To retrospectively analyze the BS data to determine the pattern of skeletal metastases in the prostate *** This retrospective observational study involves patients with biopsy-proven prostate carcinoma referred for BS for staging *** with abnormal BS were evaluated for the pattern of skeletal involvement and data were pre-sented in descriptive format in the form of *** A total of 150 patients with biopsy-proven prostate cancer who were referred for staging were included in the *** of 150 patients(8.67%)had no abnormal uptake on planar images,ruling out metastatic ***-four patients(16%)had heterogeneous uptake in the spine with distribution charac-teristic of degenerative disease and no scan pattern of metastatic *** patients(20%)had multifocal uptake involving both pelvic and extra pelvic bones on planar images typical for skeletal metastasis and were considered ***-three out of 150 patients(55.3%)had increased tracer uptake,which was indeterminate,thus,single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography(SPECT-CT)was acquired,which showed 51 with metastatic disease,31 benign lesions,and one indeterminate *** of 150 patients had exclusive pelvic bone uptake,which was found to be metastatic in 4/7 patients in *** six out of 150 patients showed exclusive extrapelvic tracer uptake,of which only 3 had vertebral metastatic *** of the patients with increased uptake exclusively in the extrapelvic-extraspinal location was *** The incidence of exclusive extrapelvic skeletal metastatic disease in prostate carcinom

关键词： Pelvic Prostate cancer Bone scan Single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography Skeletal metastasis

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Trends in mortality among the geriatric population undergoing Surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and potential racial disparities: a 20-year perspective via the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第7期21卷 716-722页

作者： Nomesh kumar Kamleshun Ramphul FNU Bawna Nitish Behary Paray Mansimran Si-ngh Dulay Jasninder singh Dhaliwal Shruti Aggarwal Sebastian Mactaggart Suma Sri Chennapragada Shaheen Sombans Renuka Verma Hemamalini Sakthivel Raheel Ahmed Department of Internal Medicine Detroit Medical Center Sinai Grace-Wayne State UniversityMichiganUSA In-dependent Researcher TrioletMauritius Independent researcher Farmington HillsMichiganUSA Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust ExeterUnited Kingdom Royal Brompton Hospital part of Guy’s and St.Thomas’NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom Department of Internal Medicine University of Cali-forniaRiversideUSA Independent Researcher New DelhiIndia Northumbria Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust NewcastleUnited Kingdom Department of Internal Medicine Louisiana State UniversityShreveportUSA Sha-heen Sombans Independent ResearcherHyderabadIndia Department of Internal Medicine Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLVLas VegasUSA One Brooklyn Health System/Interfaith Medical Ctr Program BrooklynNYUSA

ed data from the National(Nationwide)Inpatient Sample over a 20-year period from 2001 to 2020 using specific ICD-9 and ICD-10 *** included patients aged≥60 and≤80 years with races recorded as White,African American,or Hispanic at the time of their hospitalization for *** analyzed and reported the baseline characteristics,risk-adjusted in-mortality,and complications stratified by *** Results Of 420,181 patients studied,90.0%identified as White,4.0%as African American and 6.0%as *** a de-crease in overall in-hospital mortality rates from 3.8%between 2001-2005 to 1.8%between 2016-2020,African Americans had higher odds of all-cause in-hospital deaths compared to Whites(aOR=1.390,P<0.001).Additionally,they were more likely to experi-ence cardiogenic shock(aOR=1.241,P<0.001)and acute kidney injury(aOR=1.314,P<0.001)as well as more likely to require organ support such as IABP use(aOR=1.336,P<0.001)or invasive mechanical ventilation(aOR=1.342,P<0.001).Interestingly,Americans were less likely to report events of acute ischemic stroke compared to Whites(aOR=0.852,P<0.001).African Conclusions Despite a reassuring reduction in overall in-hospital mortality rates of geriatric patients undergoing SAVR for aor-tic stenosis,racial disparities in health outcomes remain pervasive with minorities more likely to report higher in-hospital mor-bidity and mortality.

关键词： mortality likely spite

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Insights into renal and urological complications of inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Nephrology 2024年第3期13卷 9-25页

作者： Anmol singh Tejasvini Khanna Diksha Mahendru Jasraj Kahlon Vikash kumar Aalam Sohal Juliana Yang Department of Medicine Tristar Centennial Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37203United States Department of Medicine Maulana Azad Medical CollegeNew Delhi 110002India Department of Medicine Dayanand Medical College and HospitalLudhiana 141001PunjabIndia Department of Internal Medicine Abrazo Medical CenterPhoenixAZ 85015United States Department of Medicine The Brooklyn Hospital CenterBrooklynNY 11201United States Department of Hepatology Liver Institute NorthwestSeattleWA 98105United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555United States

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic condition characterized by immune-mediated inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract,which follows a relapsing and remitting *** from affecting the gastrointestinal tract,IBD also has extra-intestinal manifestations(EIMs).While the etiology of extraintestinal manifestation remains unclear,it is theorized to be based on immunological responses influenced by genetic *** involvement is one of the EIMs observed in ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s *** renal manifes-tations in IBD patients encompass a range of conditions including nephrolithiasis,amyloidosis,tubulointerstitial nephritis,glomerulonephritis(GN),obstructive pathologies,and chronic kidney disease(CKD).The incidence of CKD in IBD patients varies from 5%-15%.The decline in renal function can stem from various factors such as direct inflammatory damage to the kidneys leading to glomerular or tubular injury,or from complications like recurrent stones,amyloidosis,or ***,nephrotoxic medications used in treating IBD,such as TNF-αinhibitors,calcineurin inhibitors,and aminosalicylates,can exacerbate the decline in renal ***,there is a lack of consensus regarding these patients'screening and renal function *** review aims to assess the existing literature on the different renal complications among individuals with IBD,shedding light on their pathophysiology and management.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Glomerulonephritis Amyloidosis Extra-intestinal manifestations Nephrotoxicity chronic kidney disease

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Paradigm shift in transfusion practices during early COVID-19 pandemic:A single center retrospective study

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第2期13卷 78-86页

作者： Sumukh Arun kumar Sushmita Prabhu Ankushi Sanghvi Maya Gogtay Mithil Gowda Suresh Harshit Khosla Yuvaraj singh Ajay kumar Mishra Susan George Department of Internal Medicine Saint Vincent HospitalWorcesterMA 01608United States Department of Hematology and Oncology University of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNE 68198United States Hospice and Palliative Care UTHSC and McGovern School of MedicineTexasTX 77030United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States Division of Cardiology Saint Vincent HospitalWorcesterMA 01608United States

BACKGROUND The advent of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)unveiled the worst national blood crisis that the United States had witnessed in over a *** the pandemic influencing the different stages of the acquisition of blood products outside the hospital setting,we aimed to explore the possible barriers contributing to the shortage of blood products within the medical *** COVID era and pre-COVID *** We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study on hospitalized patients distinguishing the pattern of blood transfusion during the COVID and pre-COVID era in a community *** was tabulated to include the number of red blood cell(RBC)transfusions and if transfusions met restrictive blood transfusion criteria as per institutional ***-square was applied to test the statistical association between qualitative *** t test and Mann Whitney U test were applied respectively to test the mean difference of quantitative *** A total of 208 patients were included in the study,of which 108 were during COVID era and 100 were during pre-COVID *** leading reason for admission in both the COVID era and pre-COVID era transfused patients was shortness of breath(53.7%and 36%P=0.001),followed by gastrointestinal bleeding(25.9%and 21%P=0.001).There was a higher percentage of RBC transfusions in the intensive care unit in the COVID-era group than in the pre-COVID era group(38.9%vs 22%,P=0.008).The restrictive transfusion criteria were met in 62%vs 79%in the COVID and pre-COVID eras,respectively(P=0.008).CONCLUSION The COVID-era group received RBC transfusions with less stringent adherence to restrictive blood transfusion practices in comparison to pre-COVID era group.

关键词： Blood transfusion Restrictive transfusion COVID-19 Pre-COVID-19 Blood shortage Pandemic

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Hunting of hunted:an ensemble modeling approach to evaluate suitable habitats for caracals in India

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 744-757页

作者： Ashish kumar Jangid Chandra prakash singh Jai singh Parihar Jasbir singh Chauhan Rajnish kumar singh prakash kumar Verma Amritanshu singh Shantanu Sharma Shekhar Kolipaka Wildlife Institute of India DehradunUttarakhand 248001India Space Applications Centre Indian Space Research OrganisationAhmedabadGujarat 380015India Madhya Pradesh State Forest Department Madhya Pradesh Tiger Foundation SocietyKuno National ParkBhopalMadhya Pradesh 462001India Leo Foundation WageningenThe Netherlands

Background:Large-scale hunting and various anthropogenic pressures in the recent past have pushed the Asiatic caracal(Caracal caracal schmitzi),an elusive medium-sized and locally threatened felid species towards local extinction in *** widely distributed historically,it has been sparsely reported from several regions of central and northern states in India till twentieth ***,the species distribution became confined only to the states of Rajasthan,Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh,which have had reported sightings in the twenty-first *** order to highlight the potentially suitable habitats for Asiatic caracals in India,we targeted forth-filtering of the spatial model ensemble by creating and utilizing the validated and spatially thinned species presence information(n=69)and related ecological variables(aridity,NDVI,precipitation seasonality,temperature seasonality,terrain ruggedness),filtered with anthropological variable(nightlight).Results:Out of eight spatial prediction models,the two most parsimonious models,Random Forest(AUC 0.91)and MaxEnt(AUC 0.89)were weighted and *** ensemble model indicated several clustered habitats,covering 1207.83 km^(2)areas in Kachchh(Gujarat),Aravalli mountains(Rajasthan),Malwa plateau(Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh),and Bundelkhand region(Madhya Pradesh)as potentially suitable habitats for *** probabilities of pixels were further regressed with converted vegetation height data within selected highly potential habitats,i.e.,Ranthambore Kuno Landscape(RKL)(suitability~0.44+0.03(vegetation height)^(**),R^(2)=0.27).The regression model inferred a significant positive relation between vegetation height and habitat suitability,hence the lowest ordinal class out of three classes of converted vegetation height was masked out from the RKL,which yielded in an area of 567 km^(2) as potentially highly suitable habitats for caracals,which can be further proposed as survey areas and conservation priority are

关键词： Medium-sized cat Caracal caracal schmitzi Potentially suitable habitat Drylands Potential survey area

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Remimazolam for sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy:A comprehensive review

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2024年第7期16卷 385-395页

作者： Dushyant singh Dahiya Ganesh kumar Syeda Parsa Manesh kumar Gangwani Hassam Ali Amir Humza Sohail Saqr Alsakarneh Umar Hayat Sheza Malik Yash R Shah Bhanu Siva Mohan Pinnam Sahib singh Islam Mohamed Adishwar Rao Saurabh Chandan Mohammad Al-Haddad Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology&MotilityThe University of Kansas School of MedicineKansas CityMO 66160United States Department of Internal Medicine Chandka Medical CollegeSindh 77280Pakistan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Arkansas For Medical SciencesLittle RockAR 72205United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionEast Carolina University/Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27858United States Department of Surgery University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 87106United States Department of Internal Medicine University of Missouri-Kansas CityKansas CityMO 64108United States Department of Internal Medicine Geisinger Wyoming Valley Medical CenterWilkes BarrePA 18711United States Department of Internal Medicine Rochester General HospitalRochesterNY 14621United States Department of Internal Medicine Trinity Health Oakland/Wayne State UniversityPontiacMI 48341United States Department of Internal Medicine John H.Stroger Hospital of Cook CountyChicagoIL 60612United States Department of Internal Medicine Sinai hospitalBaltimoreMD 21215United States Department of Hepatology University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211United States Department of Internal Medicine Guthrie Robert Packer HospitalSayrePA 18840United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Creighton University School of MedicineOmahaNE 68131United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIN 46202United States

Worldwide,a majority of routine endoscopic procedures are performed under some form of sedation to maximize patient ***,benzodiazepines and opioids continue to be widely ***,in recent years,Remimazolam is gaining immense popularity for procedural sedation in gastrointestinal(GI)*** is an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine sedative which was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in July 2020 for use in procedural *** has shown a favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile in terms of its non-specific metabolism by tissue esterase,volume of distribution,total body clearance,and negligible drug-drug *** also has satisfactory efficacy and has achieved high rates of successful sedation in GI ***,studies have demonstrated that the efficacy of Remimazolam is non-inferior to Propofol,which is currently a gold standard for procedural sedation in most parts of the ***,the use of Propofol is associated with hemodynamic instability and respiratory *** contrast,Remimazolam has lower incidence of these adverse effects intra-procedurally and hence,may provide a safer alternative to Propofol in procedural *** this comprehensive narrative review,highlight the pharmacologic characteristics,efficacy,and safety of Remimazolam for procedural *** also discuss the potential of Remimazolam as a suitable alternative and how it can shape the future of procedural sedation in gastroenterology.

关键词： Remimazolam Endoscopy Sedation Outcomes Efficacy Safety Pharmacokinetics

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An efficient computational technique for time-fractional modified Degasperis-Procesi equation arising in propagation of nonlinear dispersive waves

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2021年第1期6卷 30-39页

作者： Ved prakash Dubey Rajnesh kumar Jagdev singh Devendra kumar Faculty of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences Shri Ramswaroop Memorial UniversityLucknow-Deva RoadUttar Pradesh-225003India Department of Applied Science and Humanities Government Engineering CollegeNawadaDepartment of Science and TechnologyBihar-805122India Department of Mathematics JECRC UniversityJaipur-303905RajasthanIndia Department of Mathematics University of RajasthanJaipur-302004RajasthanIndia

In this paper,an efficient hybrid numerical scheme which is based on a joint venture of the q-homotopy analysis method and Sumudu transform is applied to investigate the time-fractional modified Degasperis-Procesi(DP)*** present study considers the Caputo fractional *** fractional order modified DP model is very important and plays a great role in study of ocean engineering and *** proposed scheme provides a beautiful opportunity for proper selection of the auxiliary parameter h and the asymptotic parameterρ(≥1)to handle mainly the differential equations of nonlinear *** offered scheme produces the solution in the shape of a convergent series in a large admissible domain which is helpful to regulate the region of convergence of a series *** proposed work computes the approximate analytical solution of the fractional modified DP equation systematically and also presents graphically the variation of the obtained solution for diverse values of the fractional parameterβ.

关键词： Fractional Degasperis-Procesi equation Nonlinear dispersive waves Analytical solution q-homotopy analysis method Sumudu transform

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Effects of in ovo delivered xylo-and mannan-oligosaccharides on growth performance,intestinal immunity,cecal short-chain fatty acids,and cecal microbiota of broilers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第4期13卷 1099-1114页

作者： Amit kumar singh Utsav prakash Tiwari Birendra Mishra Rajesh Jha Department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesUniversity of Hawaii at Manoa1955 East-West RdHonoluluHI 96822USA

Background:This study investigated a novel in ovo feeding strategy to determine the prebiotic effects of xylo-and mannan-oligosaccharides(XOS and MOS)differing in the degree of polymerization.A total of 192 fertilized eggs were divided into 6 treatment groups:i)normal saline control(NSC),ii)xylotriose(XOS3),iii)xylotetraose(XOS4),iv)mannotriose(MOS3),v)mannotetraose(MOS4),and vi)no injection control(NIC),each containing 4 replicate trays with 8 eggs per *** d 17 of incubation,3 mg of oligosaccharides(except for controls)dissolved in 0.5 mL of 0.85%normal saline were injected into the amnion of Cobb 500 broilers *** hatch,the chicks were raised for 28 d under standard husbandry practices and were fed a commercial broilers diet ad libitum,and samples were collected ***:The hatchability,growth performance,and relative weights of breast,drumstick,liver,and proventriculus were not different among the treatments(P>0.05).The XOS3 injection increased the total short-chain fatty acid production at d 28 compared with both control groups(P0.05).On the hatch day,the expression level of the CD3 gene(a T cell marker)was increased by XOS3,while the IL-10 gene(a marker of anti-inflammatory cytokine)was reduced by MOS4(P0.05),except XOS4 increased IL-4 compared with NSC(P<0.05).The broilers in the MOS4 group had higher operational taxonomic units(OTUs)and had more differentially abundant taxa,including order Lactobacillales and family Leuconostocaceae(P<0.05)than both controls on d *** predictive functional profiling indicated that the linoleic acid metabolism pathway w

关键词： Broilers Gut health Immunity in ovo Mannanoligosaccharides Microbiota Oligosaccharides Prebiotics Xylooligosaccharides

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In-hospital outcomes in COVID-19 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by severity of obesity:Insights from national inpatient sample 2020

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第6期16卷 912-919页

作者： Sashwath Srikanth Vibhor Garg Lakshmi Subramanian Jyoti Verma Hansika Sharma Harroop singh Klair Shrenil A Kavathia Jithin Kolli Teja Nikhil Sai Vasireddy kumar Anmol Dhanush Kolli Shruti Sanjay Bodhankar Sobya Hashmi Shaylika Chauhan Rupak Desai Department of Medicine ECU Health Medical CenterGreenvilleNC 27834United States Department of Medicine Jacobi Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY 10461United States Department of Medicine North Alabama Medical CentreFlorenceAL 35630United States Department of General Medicine Gandhi Medical CollegeSecunderabad 500003TelanganaIndia Department of Medicine Government Medical CollegePatiala 147001PunjabIndia Department of Medicine B.J.Medical CollegeAhmedabad 380016GujaratIndia Department of Medicine JSS Medical CollegeMysore 570015KarnatakaIndia Department of Internal Medicine Gandhi Medical CollegeSecunderabad 500003TelanganaIndia Department of Medicine Kasturba Medical CollegeManipal 575001KarnatakaIndia Clinical Extern Department of Internal MedicineBeaumont HospitalDearbornMI 48124United States Department of Internal Medicine Geisinger Health SystemWilkes-BarrePA 18702United States Independent Researcher AtlantaGA 30079United States

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases independently of other risk ***,data on its effect on cardiovascular outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)hospitalizations with varied obesity levels is *** management and patient care depend on understanding COVID-19 admission results in NAFLD patients with varying obesity *** To study the in-hospital outcomes in COVID-19 patients with NAFLD by severity of *** COVID-19 hospitalizations with NAFLD were identified using International Classification of Disease-10 CM codes in the 2020 National Inpatient Sample *** and Obesity Classes Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ(body mass index 30-40)were *** adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events(MACCE)(all-cause mortality,acute myocardial infarction,cardiac arrest,and stroke)were compared between *** regression analyses adjusted for sociodemographic,hospitalization features,and *** Our analysis comprised 13260 hospitalizations,7.3% of which were overweight,24.3% Class Ⅰ,24.1% Class Ⅱ,and 44.3% Class Ⅲ.Class Ⅲ obesity includes younger patients,blacks,females,diabetics,and hypertensive *** multivariable logistic analysis,Class Ⅲ obese patients had higher risks of MACCE,inpatient mortality,and respiratory failure than Class Ⅰ obese *** Ⅱ obesity showed increased risks of MACCE,inpatient mortality,and respiratory failure than Class I,but not *** obesity classes had non-significant risks of MACCE,inpatient mortality,and respiratory failure compared to the overweight *** Class Ⅲ obese NAFLD COVID-19 patients had a greater risk of adverse outcomes than class Ⅰ.Using the overweight group as the reference,unfavorable outcomes were not significantly *** obesity had a greater risk of MACCE regardless of the referent group(overweight or Class Ⅰ obese)compared to overweight NAFLD patients admitte

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Obesity Obese Body mass index Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events Mortality Acute myocardial infarction Cardiac arrest Stroke

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