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Effects of granulation process variables on the physical properties of dosage forms by combination of experimental design and principal component analysis

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2019年第3期14卷 287-304页

作者： prakash thapa Du Hyung Choi Min Soo Kim Seong Hoon Jeong College of Pharmacy Dongguk UniversityGyeonggi10326Republic of Korea Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering Inje UniversityGyeongnam50834Republic of Korea College of Pharmacy Pusan National UniversityBusan46241Republic of Korea

The current study was to understand how process variables of high shear wet granulations affect physical properties of granules and tablets. The knowledge gained was intended to be used for Quality-by-Design based process design and optimization. The variables were selected based on the risk assessment as impeller speed, liquid addition rate, and wet massing time. Formulation compositions were kept constant to minimize their influence on granules properties. Multiple linear regression models were built providing understanding of the impact of each variable on granule hardness, Carr’s index, tablet tensile strength, surface mean diameter of granules, and compression behavior. The experimental results showed that the impact of impeller speed was more dominant compared to wet massing time and water addition rate. The results also revealed that quality of granules and tablets could be optimized by adjusting specific process variables(impeller speed 1193 rpm, water spray rate 3.7 ml/min, and wet massing time 2.84 min). Overall desirability was 0.84 suggesting that the response values were closer to the target one. The SEM image of granules showed that spherical and smooth granules produced at higher impeller speed, whereas rough and irregular shape granules at lower speed. Moreover, multivariate data analysis demonstrated that impeller speed and massing time had strong correlation with the granule and tablet properties. In overall, the combined experimental design and principal component analysis approach allowed to better understand the correlation between process variables and granules and tablet attributes.

关键词： Experimental design Principal component analysis High shear granulation Process parameter

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Solubility Enhancement of Domperidone Fast Disintegrating Tablet Using Hydroxypropyl-<i>β</i>-Cyclodextrin by Inclusion Complexation Technique

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2014年第3期5卷 238-249页

作者： prakash thapa Ritu thapa Uttam Budhathoki Panna thapa Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Health and Allied Sciences Pokhara University Lekhnath Nepal Department of Pharmacy School of Science Kath-mandu University Dhulikhel Nepal

Domperidone Maleate (DOM), an antiemetic drug, has been used in treatment of adults and children. It has low aqueous solubility and hence low bioavailability. In present study, an attempt has been made to enhance the solubility of DOM by inclusion complexation with Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) using kneading technique and formulation of fast disintegrating tablets by using Sodium Starch Glycolate as superdisintegrant. Solubility analysis of DOM in different concentrations of HP-β-CD was carried out. Design of experiment (DOE) is done by using MINITAB 15.1 software to find out the variable for dissolution and disintegration time. HP-β-CD and SSG were identified as the variable for disintegration time and dissolution. For optimization of the concentration of HP-β-CD and SSG, two factors at two levels design through central composite design (CCD) were used which gave 13 formulations. All formulations are evaluated for characteristics such as weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time and dissolution of drug. Solubility of DOM increases linearly with increase in concentration of HP-β-CD. The optimum concentration of HP-β-CD is found to be in 1:2 molar ratios and SSG of 7%. The In-Vitro dissolution studies of optimized formulation and market sample were carried out in USP type II apparatus at different time intervals of 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes at 50 rpm in 0.1 N HCl. The dissolution and disintegration time of optimized formulation is found better than market sample.

关键词： Domperidone Maleate Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes

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Development of community-based landslide early warning system in the earthquake-affected areas of Nepal Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第12期16卷 2701-2713页

作者： prakash Singh thapa Basanta Raj ADHIKARI Department of Forests and Soil Conservation Ministry of Forests and EnvironmentGovernment of NepalKathmandu 44600Nepal Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction Sichuan University-Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityChengdu 610207China Department of Civil Engineering Institute of EngineeringTribhuvan UniversityLalitpur 44600Nepal

In the central Nepal Himalaya,landslides form the major natural hazards annually resulting in many casualties and damage.Structural as well as non-structural measures are in place to minimize the risk of landslide hazard.To reduce the landslide risk,a Landslide Early Warning System(LEWS)as a nonstructural measure has been piloted at Sundrawati village(Kalinchowk rural municipality,Dolakha district)to identify its effectiveness.Intensive discussions with stakeholders,aided by landslide susceptibility map,resulted in a better understanding of surface dynamics and the relationship between rainfall and surface movement.This led to the development of a LEWS comprised of extensometers,soil moisture sensors,rain gauge stations,and solar panels as an energy source that blows siren receiving signals via a micro-controller and interfacing circuit.The data generated through the system is transmitted via a Global System for Mobile Communications(GSM)network to responsible organizations in realtime to circulate the warning to local residents.This LEWS is user-friendly and can be easily operated by a community.The successful pilot early warning system has saved 495 people from 117 households in August 2018.However,landslide monitoring and dissemination of warning information remains a complex process where technical and communications skill should work closely together.

关键词： Landslide Himalaya Early Warning System Community

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A dysregulated calcium homeostasis as the earliest pathological sign in stem cell-derived Parkinson's disease neurons?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1421-1422页

作者： Nilima prakash Working Group Human Stem Cell Research Department Hamm 2Hamm-Lippstadt University of Applied SciencesHammGermany

Parkinson’s disease(PD) is characterized by the slow and progressive demise of dopamine(DA)-synthesizing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta(SNc),a nucleus located in the human ventral midbrain.Neuron death also affects other regions in the brain at later stages of PD.The concomitant lack of DA in the human forebrain(striatum) leads to the typical motor symptoms of this still uncurable neurodegenerative disorder.

关键词： homeostasis dopamine death

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Effectiveness of m-health technology-enabled physical activity program on physical activity adoption and adherence in people with hypertension in India:A randomized controlled trial protocol

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Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2024年第2期10卷 92-101页

作者： Vidhi Thakar Sureshkumar Kamalakannan V.prakash Ashok&Rita Patel Institute of Physiotherapy Charotar University of Science and TechnologyChangaAnandGujaratIndia Department of Social Work Education and Community-WellbeingNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK

Background Exercise and medication have similar benefits in reducing blood pressure(BP);however,hypertension management initiatives primarily focus on medicines.This is due to scarce research on the effectiveness of implementation strategies for optimal exercise adoption and adherence.Smartphones were found to be effective in delivering hypertension care and increase exercise adherence.Despite this,only a small number of research projects in India have used smartphones as a strategy for managing hypertension.Methods We hypothesized that smartphone application-based care would lead to higher exercise adherence among adults(30–79 years)with hypertension compared to those who receive usual care.It will be a multicentric,randomized controlled,parallel-design,superiority clinical trial.The outcome assessor and data analyst will be blinded to group allocation.Participants in the intervention group will receive mobile application-based care for 6 weeks.Participants in the usual care group will receive a standard intervention.Both groups will receive the same number of follow-ups.Results The primary outcome is the difference in the proportion of people adherent to the recommended level of physical activity evaluated using an exercise adherence rating scale in the intervention group and the control group.Exercise adoption will be measured as the percentage of eligible participants in each study setting willing to initiate the exercise program.The secondary outcome includes differences in systolic and diastolic BP and self-management(evaluated using the Hypertension Self-Care Profile).The trial outcome will be accompanied by a process evaluation.Conclusions This research will inform about the comparative effectiveness of conventional and m-health interventions for exercise adoption and adherence in people with hypertension in resource-constrained settings.

关键词： hypertension low-and middle-income countries m-health physical activity adherence

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Mineralogy and geochemistry of trachytic rocks from the Lichi Volcanics, Eastern Himalaya: insights into the Kerguelen mantle plume activity in the Eastern Himalayan Region

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第1期43卷 180-197页

作者： Pallabi Basumatary Deepshikha Borah Hiredya Chauhan Tribujjal prakash Bibhuti Gogoi Department of Geology Cotton UniversityGuwahatiAssam 781001India Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology DehradunUttarakhand 248001India

The Lichi volcanics are a suite of mafic-intermediate-felsic rocks and are considered coeval with the Abor volcanics(~132 Ma) of the Siang window in the Eastern Himalaya. Here, we present the first report of trachytic rocks from the Lichi volcanics, which are exposed in the Ranga valley, along the Kimin-Yazali road section in the Eastern Himalayan Region, Northeast India. The trachytes occur in close association with sandstones of the Gondwana Group of rocks and are characterised based on field, petrographical, and geochemical investigations.These fine-grained trachytes are composed of alkali feldspar, biotite, plagioclase, sodic-amphibole, apatite, illmenite, and titanite. The REE profiles of the evolved trachytic rocks(higher SiO_(2)content) display fractionated trends. The fractionation of accessory mineral phases, like apatite and titanite, was possibly responsible for the strongly fractionated REE patterns of the evolved samples.The trachytic rocks demonstrate high apatite saturation temperatures of 988 ± 14 ℃(1σ, n = 8). The Aluminium Saturation Index(< 1.1) and binary discrimination diagrams of these peralkaline trachytes define their affinity with A-type granitoids. Elemental ratios like Y/Nb, Nb/U,and Ce/Pb signify that the Lichi trachytes are differentiated products of mantle-derived ocean island basalts. Trace elemental discrimination diagrams Th/Yb versus Nb/Yb, Y versus Nb, and Y + Nb versus Rb reflect a within-plate tectonic regime for the trachytes. From the results presented in this work, we infer that the development of rifting events during the breakup of eastern Gondwana due to the onset of Kerguelen plume activity further led to underplating of basic magma in lower crustal levels. These parental basaltic magmas underwent fractionation processes forming differentiated trachyandesites and trachytes.Taking into consideration the similarities recorded between the Lichi volcanics and Abor volcanics, this study supports the idea that Kerguelen plume activities resulted in the emplacement of these vo

关键词： Peralkaline trachytes Trachyandesites A-type granitoids Apatite saturation temperature Abor volcanics Eastern Gondwana

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Advancements on metal oxide semiconductor photocatalysts in photo-electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide into fuels and other useful products

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第2期18卷 187-205页

作者： Jai prakash Zhangsen CHEN Shakshi SAINI Gaixia ZHANG Shuhui SUN Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology HamirpurHamirpur 177005India Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique(INRS) Centre Énergie Matériaux TélécommunicationsVarennes J3X 1P7Canada Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology MandiHimachal PradeshIndia Department of Electrical Engineering École de Technologie SupérieureMontréal H3C 1K3Canada

Due to its fascinating and tunable optoelectronic properties,semiconductor nanomaterials are the best choices for multidisciplinary applications.Particularly,the use of semiconductor photocatalysts is one of the promising ways to harness solar energy for useful applications in the field of energy and environment.In recent years,metal oxide-based tailored semiconductor photocatalysts have extensively been used for photocatalytic conversion of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))into fuels and other useful products utilizing solar energy.This is very significant not only from renewable energy consumption but also from reducing global warming point of view.Such current research activities are promising for a better future of society.The present mini-review is focused on recent developments(2–3 years)in metal oxide semiconductor hybrid photocatalysts-based photo-electrochemical conversion of CO_(2)into fuels and other useful products.First,general mechanism of photo-electrochemical conversion of CO_(2)into fuels or other useful products has been discussed.Then,various metal oxide-based emerging hybrid photocatalysts including tailoring of their morphological,compositional,and optoelectronic properties have been discussed with emphasis on their role in enhancing photoelectrochemical efficienty.Afterwards,mechanism of their photo-electrochemical reactions and applications in CO_(2)conversion into fuels/other useful products have been discussed.Finally,challenges and future prospects have been discussed followed by a summary.

关键词： metal-oxide semiconductors nanohybrid photocatalysts photo-electrochemical CO_(2)conversion tailoring morphology fuels challenges and future prospects

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Photocatalytic application of magnesium spinel ferrite in wastewater remediation:A review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 490-505页

作者： Rohit Jasrotia Nikhil Jaswal Jyoti prakash Chan Choon Kit Jagpreet Singh Abhishek Kandwal School of Physics and Materials Science Shoolini UniversityBajholSolanH.P.India Himalayan Centre of Excellence in Nanotechnology Shoolini UniversityBajholH.P.India INTI International University Putra NilaiNegeri SembilanMalaysia Department of Chemistry University Centre for Research&Development Chandigarh UniversityMohali140413PunjabIndia Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChina

This review paper explores the efficacy of magnesium ferrite-based catalysts in photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminates(antibiotic and dyes).We report the influence of different doping strategies,synthesis methods,and composite materials on the degradation efficiency of these pollutants.Our analysis reveals the versatile and promising nature of magnesium ferrite-based catalysts,offering the valuable insights into their practical application for restoring the environment.Due to the smaller band gap and magnetic nature of magnesium ferrite,it holds the benefit of utilising the broader spectrum of light while also being recoverable.The in-depth analysis of magnesium ferrites'photocatalytic mechanism could lead to the development of cheap and reliable photocatalyst for the wastewater treatment.This concise review offers a thorough summary of the key advancements in this field,highlighting the pivotal role of the magnesium ferrite based photocatalysts in addressing the pressing global issue of organic pollutants in wastewater.

关键词： Magnesium ferrite Wastewater Dyes Antibiotics Photocatalytic degradation

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Optimization Algorithms of PERT/CPM Network Diagrams in Linear Diophantine Fuzzy Environment

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第4期139卷 1095-1118页

作者： Mani Parimala Karthikeyan prakash Ashraf Al-Quran Muhammad Riaz Saeid Jafari Department of Mathematics Bannari Amman Institute of TechnologySathyamangalamTamil Nadu638401India Basic Sciences Department Preparatory Year DeanshipKing Faisal UniversityAl-Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics University of the PunjabLahorePakistan College of Vestsjaelland South Herrestraede 11Slagelse4200Denmark

The idea of linear Diophantine fuzzy set(LDFS)theory with its control parameters is a strong model for machine learning and optimization under uncertainty.The activity times in the critical path method(CPM)representation procedures approach are initially static,but in the Project Evaluation and Review Technique(PERT)approach,they are probabilistic.This study proposes a novel way of project review and assessment methodology for a project network in a linear Diophantine fuzzy(LDF)environment.The LDF expected task time,LDF variance,LDF critical path,and LDF total expected time for determining the project network are all computed using LDF numbers as the time of each activity in the project network.The primary premise of the LDF-PERT approach is to address ambiguities in project network activity timesmore simply than other approaches such as conventional PERT,Fuzzy PERT,and so on.The LDF-PERT is an efficient approach to analyzing symmetries in fuzzy control systems to seek an optimal decision.We also present a new approach for locating LDF-CPM in a project network with uncertain and erroneous activity timings.When the available resources and activity times are imprecise and unpredictable,this strategy can help decision-makers make better judgments in a project.A comparison analysis of the proposed technique with the existing techniques has also been discussed.The suggested techniques are demonstrated with two suitable numerical examples.

关键词： Linear Diophantine fuzzy graphs project management PERT CPM linear Diophantine fuzzy numbers score function accuracy function

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Serotonin syndrome controversies:A need for consensus

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2024年第2期13卷 150-158页

作者： Sanjay prakash Chetsi S Shah Anurag prakash Department of Neurology Smt.B.K.Shah Medical Institute and Research CentreSumandeep VidyapeethVadodara 391760GujarātIndia Medicine Parul Institute of Medical Sciences and Research CentreParul University WaghodiaVadodara 391760India

Serotonin syndrome(SS)is a drug-induced clinical syndrome resulting from increased serotonergic activity in the central nervous system.Although more than seven decades have passed since the first description of SS,it is still an enigma in terms of terminology,clinical features,etiology,pathophysiology,diagnostic criteria,and therapeutic measures.The majority of SS cases have previously been reported by toxicology or psychiatry centers,particularly in people with mental illness.However,serotonergic medications are used for a variety of conditions other than mental illness.Serotonergic properties have been discovered in several new drugs,including over-the-counter medications.These days,cases are reported in non-toxicology centers,such as perioperative settings,neurology clinics,cardiology settings,gynecology settings,and pediatric clinics.Overdoses or poisonings of serotonergic agents constituted the majority of the cases observed in toxicology or psychiatry centers.Overdose or poisoning of serotonergic drugs is uncommon in other clinical settings.Patients may develop SS at therapeutic dosages.Moreover,these patients may continue to use serotonergic medications even if they develop mild to moderate SS due to several reasons.Thus,the clinical presentation(onset,severity,and clinical features)in such instances may not exactly match what toxicologists or psychiatrists observe in their respective settings.They produce considerable diversity in many aspects of SS.However,other experts discount these new developments in SS.Since SS is a potentially lethal illness,consensus is required on several concerns related to SS.

关键词： Serotonin Serotonin syndrome Serotonin toxicity Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Antidepressants Cyproheptadine

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