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Optical simulation of external quantum efficiency spectra of CuIn_(1-x)Ga_xSe_2 solar cells from spectroscopic ellipsometry inputs

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2018年第4期27卷 1151-1169页

作者： Abdel-Rahman A.Ibdah prakash koirala Puruswottam Aryal Puja Pradhan Michael J.Heben Nikolas J.Podraza Sylvain Marsillac Robert W.Collins Department of Physics & Astronomy and Center for Photovoltaics Innovation & Commercialization University of Toledo Virginia Institute of Photovoltaics Old Dominion University

Applications of in-situ and ex-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry （SE） are presented for the development of parametric expressions that define the real and imaginary parts （ε1, ε2） of the complex dielectric function spectra of thin film solar cell components. These spectra can then be utilized to analyze the structure of complete thin film solar cells. Optical and structural/compositional models of complete solar cells developed through least squares regression analysis of the SE data acquired for the complete cells enable simulations of external quantum efficiency （EQE） without the need for variable parameters. Such simulations can be compared directly with EQE measurements. From these comparisons, it becomes possible to understand in detail the origins of optical and electronic gains and losses in thin film photovoltaics （PC） technologies and, as a result, the underlying performance limitations. In fact, optical losses that occur when above-bandgap photons are not absorbed in the active layers can be distinguished from electronic losses when electron-hole pairs generated in the active layers are not collected. This overall methodology has been applied to copper indium-gallium diselenide （Culn1-xGaxSe2; CIGS） solar cells, a key commercialized thin film PV technology. CIGS solar cells with both standard thickness （〉2 μm） and thin （〈1 μm） absorber layers are studied by applying SE to obtain inputs for EQE simulations and enabling comparisons of simulated and measured EQE spectra. SE data analysis is challenging for CIGS material components and solar cells because of the need to develop an appropriate （ε1, ε2） database for the CIGS alloys and to extract absorber layer Ga profiles for accurate structural/compositional models. For cells with standard thickness absorbers, excellent agreement is found between the simulated and measured EQE, the latter under the assumption of 100% collection from the active layers, which include the CIGS bulk and CIGS/CdS heterojunction inter

关键词： Solar cells Thin-film Ellipsometry Spectroscopic Culn1-xGaxSe2(CIGS) Optical properties Quantum efficiency External Simulation Solar-cell

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Betalains protect various body organs through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1109-1117页

作者： Nilesh prakash Nirmal Seema Medhe Merina Dahal Pankaj koirala Siriwan Nirmal Fahad Al-Asmari Baojun Xu Institute of Nutrition Mahidol UniversityNakhon Pathom 73170Thailand Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Central Campus of TechnologyTribhuvan UniversityKathmandu 46000Nepal Department of Adult Nursing Faculty of NursingBurapha UniversityChonburi 20131Thailand Department of Food Science and Nutrition College of Agriculture and Food SciencesKing Faisal UniversityAl-Ahsa 31982Saudi Arabia Food Science and Technology Program Department of Life SciencesBNU-HKBU United International CollegeZhuhai 519088China

Betalains are natural coloring pigments with betalamic acid as the core structure of all *** their coloring properties,betalains exhibit various biological activities,including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties,which are highly *** in-vivo studies reported that betalains protect various body organs,leading to health *** organs,including the heart,liver,kidney,lung,etc.,are important for a healthy ***,these organs can be affected or damaged by various stress factors,toxicants,and harmful *** studies have claimed that betalains could protect all vital organs of the body through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory *** review article described the in-vivo antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of betalains in various cell-line or animal models.A comprehensive discussion has been provided on the mechanism of action of betalains in protecting various body organs,including cardio-protective effect,hepato-protective ability,renal protection capacity,repro-protective ability,neuro-protective effect,lung protection,and gut protection ***,future research directions and conclusions have been outlined.

关键词： Betalains Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory Bioactivities Ogans-protection

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Colorectal cancer in Nepal

Colorectal cancer in Nepal

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第四届中国肿瘤学术大会暨第五届海峡两岸肿瘤学术会议

作者： prakash Raj Neupane B P koirala Memoril Cancer HospitalNepal

＜正＞Objective :Colorectal cancer is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and women in the United States. In the developing countries like Nepal, there are limitations in diagnosis, treatment facilities and financial abilities for the treatment of cancers. Sincere efforts with these limited facilities can provide satisfactory results in treatment of colo-rectal cancer. Methods: Records of 144 patients with colo-rectal cancer who underwent different types of surgery at the department of surgical oncology from October 1999 to October 2004 were identified. Details history including age, sex, and histology, TNM staging, types of surgery and other investigationai records were documented and analyzed. Results: In 144 patients, males were 81 and females 63, age ranging from 11 years to 76 years. Fifty-two patients were of less than 40 years. Among which 100 patients with rectal, 34 right sided colon and 10 with left sided colon cancers. Histologi-cally 96% were adenocarcinoma. According to TNM staging, 2% of the patients was with stage I,24% stage II, 60% stage III and 14% stage *** of Surgery were: 53 patient underwent anterior perineal resection, 20 low anterior resection, 34 right hemicolectomy, 10 left hemicolectomy, 22 cases colostomy, 7 bypass surgery, 6 laparotomy and one underwent trans anal local excision. Conclusion: The patients were young, 36.1% （52/144） within 40 years, about 83.2% presented at resectable stage （stage III or less） with anal sphincter preservation in 27 % （21/74） in rectal cancer patients.

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